Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ewa Burszta-Adamiak, Pawel Spychalski
Summary: In sustainable urban management, alternative water sources like rainwater, greywater, and groundwater are increasingly being considered. Dual water supply systems in private and public buildings are technologically feasible, with the latter recommended for larger scale use. Evaluation of a dual water supply system in a sports facility showed potential for environmental benefits and financial gains through rainwater management, highlighting the importance of well-designed water storage tanks for system efficiency.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. Mashabela, T. Dube, M. H. N. Mollel, J. M. Letsoalo, M. P. Radingoana
Summary: This study assessed the accessibility and availability of portable water supply in selected communities. The majority of households in Mashite village obtained water from rivers, while all households in Lebowakgomo Zone F had access to tap water. The proximity of water sources to households in Mashite village exceeded the recommended distance of 200 meters.
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Raphael Ricardo Zepon Tarpani, Flavio Rubens Lapolli, Maria Angeles Lobo Recio, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid
Summary: Clean water resources are becoming increasingly scarce and compromised in many cities. This study compared the life cycle environmental impacts of three techniques for increasing urban water availability, with seawater desalination by reverse osmosis showing the worst results in many impact categories, while indirect potable wastewater reuse technology performed the best in nine categories.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. Ferreira, C. Santos, M. A. Imteaz, C. Matos
Summary: This article presents a study of Hybrid Rainwater/Greywater Systems (HRGS). A decision support tool was used to evaluate the performance of four different types of buildings. Results show that non-potable water consumption effectiveness is influenced by the final uses considered and the storage volume. The best performance is achieved when the volume of non-potable water used is maximized and a larger fraction of greywater is reused.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samia Richards, Lakshminarayana Rao, Stephanie Connelly, Anjali Raj, Lakshmi Raveendran, Shahana Shirin, Priyanka Jamwal, Rachel Helliwell
Summary: This study evaluates the effectiveness of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system in reducing the pressure on groundwater supply at a public school in rural India. The stored rainwater quality and the application of low-cost treatment methods were assessed, indicating that chlorine dosing was effective in reducing microbial abundance over time. The results showed that the installed rainwater harvesting system has reduced water supply pressure by up to 25% with proper chlorination, allowing for greater savings and multiple uses of the stored water.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yu Zhang, Haifei Sha, Xiufeng Wu, Shiqiang Wu, Jiangyu Dai, Bin Xu, Lei Yu, Qianqian Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a contract volume risk decision model based on rainfall uncertainty and efficiency uncertainty of rainwater harvesting system (RHS) to provide decision support for determining contract volumes in rainwater resource forward transactions. The model quantifies the uncertainty of rainfall using a mathematical model and determines RHS efficiency by simulating the operation of RHS. The risk of rainwater resource supply is defined as the probability of not being able to fulfill the contract volume, and different decision-making processes are proposed for different negotiation scenarios.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tariq Judeh, Isam Shahrour, Fadi Comair
Summary: This paper presents a smart rainwater harvesting system that utilizes shared harvesting system and digital technology to address water scarcity in Palestine. The system improves water harvesting capacity by optimizing shared tank capacity, smart control of water quality and leakage, and combines with a dual water supply system to achieve zero potable water shortage. The smart system demonstrates high reliability and efficiency in addressing potable water security.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Janusz R. Rak, Katarzyna Wartalska, Bartosz Kazmierczak
Summary: The weather derivatives market is still not flexible enough for effective weather risk management for many industries, such as the water supply and sewerage industry. The study proposed daily precipitation index, frost day index, and hot day index to protect the interests of the industry in Poland, and found that hot day index showed a clear growing trend with the least frequency of exceedance among the three indices.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christelle Schang, Jonathan Schmidt, Li Gao, David Bergmann, Tara McCormack, Rebekah Henry, David McCarthy
Summary: This study evaluated the microbial treatment performance of a residential scale rain-to-hot-water treatment system in Melbourne, Australia, through long-term challenge tests. The UV system provided the majority of treatment, with the heat-pump hot water system deactivating any remaining microbes. Additional modeling work suggested that UV intensity, UV transmissivity, contact time, and temperature could be used as parameters to predict microbial treatment performance of the system.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Weilun Chen, Weijun Gao, Xindong Wei, Yue Gong
Summary: This study proposes a comprehensive economic analysis based on the cooperative theory to explore the economic potential of hybrid rainwater-greywater systems (HRGs). A case study was conducted on an HRG on campus in Japan to evaluate its water-saving performance and analyze its economic feasibility using a life cycle cost model. The study also explores the cooperative feasibility and driving factors between the HRG and main water plants based on mutual benefits. The results show that HRGs have more substantial economic benefits in cooperation than in non-cooperation, and government subsidies for HRGs facilitate the success of cooperation. This study provides new ideas for improving the economic feasibility of HRGs and policy orientations for promoting decentralized water reuse systems to the government.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Theano Iliopoulou, Panayiotis Dimitriadis, Aimilia Siganou, David Markantonis, Konstantina Moraiti, Maria Nikolinakou, Ilias Taygetos Meletopoulos, Nikos Mamassis, Demetris Koutsoyiannis, G. -Fivos Sargentis
Summary: Water has played a crucial role in driving human civilization, with early civilizations thriving in areas with abundant water resources. The invention and development of hydraulic infrastructure came later, as a response to the expansion of human populations in water-scarce regions. This study focuses on the use of cisterns in the water-scarce area of West Mani and evaluates their potential to support modern water supply needs. The findings suggest that restoring and utilizing cisterns can serve as a sustainable complementary water supply source, reducing drinking water costs and enhancing resilience against water shortages. Furthermore, the study highlights the connections between hydroclimate and history in the region and emphasizes the cultural value of reviving and preserving this traditional practice.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joanna Bak
Summary: This article presents a SWOT analysis for rainwater utilization in cities, compiling comprehensive information and knowledge on this topic. It discusses the possibilities and challenges of introducing rainwater utilization into future cities, providing a basis for further planning.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dimitrios A. Kakoulas, Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos, Dimitra Koumparou, Dimitrios E. Alexakis
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems (RWHs) on Chios island, Greece, and its contribution to non-potable domestic water use and community water demand. A water balance model was used to analyze the relationship between rainwater tank capacity, catchment area, and population, and daily water savings were calculated. The study concludes that RWHs play a positive role in greening society and addressing water scarcity in urban areas.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Savannah Wunderlich, Sarah St George Freeman, Luisa Galindo, Casey Brown, Emily Kumpel
Summary: The study found that installing household storage tanks of at least 2500 L is crucial to ensure reliable water supply for IWS households, and scheduling water deliveries on nonconsecutive days can reduce overall water supply costs. Rainwater harvesting systems are economically viable for households with limited water supply.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Abdul Salam Khan
Summary: This study compares the performance and cost-effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems with conventional water sources. The findings indicate that rainwater harvesting systems are more cost-effective, but need to be integrated with the government supply line for non-potable water demand.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes, Leo Heller
ENGENHARIA SANITARIA E AMBIENTAL
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Uende A. F. Gomes, Leo Heller, Sandy Cairncross, Laia Domenech, Joao L. Pena
WATER INTERNATIONAL
(2014)
Article
Water Resources
Marco Tulio da Silva Faria, Luizi Miriam Soterio Pereira, Alexandre Pessoa Dias, Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes, Priscilla Moura
Summary: In Brazil, the water crisis is intensified by the lack of public policies for drainage and rainwater management. Many municipalities in Minas Gerais do not have Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans, and the data collection process of the National Sanitation Information System needs improvement. The absence of planning instruments to assist in implementing municipal policy is an important problem to be overcome.
ENGENHARIA SANITARIA E AMBIENTAL
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Marielle Aparecida Raid, Leo Heller, Priscilla Macedo Moura, Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes
Summary: Rural sanitation in Brazil has been neglected, leading to a lack of sanitation services, human rights violations, and health risks. This study evaluated different models of water supply services and found that municipal management and shared management were the most suitable models for rural contexts.
ENGENHARIA SANITARIA E AMBIENTAL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marco Tulio da Silva Faria, Nathalia Roland de Souza Ribeiro, Alexandre Pessoa Dias, Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes, Priscilla Macedo Moura
Summary: Arboviruses transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito have become a serious public health problem in Brazil. Analysis of governmental reference documents shows that the main focus is on communication, vector control, and management, while basic sanitation components, such as rainwater and sewage control, are not adequately addressed.
CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amanda Cristina Nunes Pacifico, Ana Claudeise Silva do Nascimento, Davila Suellen Souza Correa, Iaci Menezes Penteado, Joao Paulo Borges Pedro, Maria Cecilia Rosinski Lima Gomes, Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes
Summary: The study assesses the health and social impacts of water supply systems in riverine communities in the Middle Solimoes region of the Amazonas State, Brazil. While there was no decrease in parasite infections, the systems improved residents' comfort, privacy, and reduced time spent on household chores. Overall, the impacts suggest an improvement in living conditions from a well-being perspective.
CADERNOS DE SAUDE PUBLICA
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Tayane Cristiele Rodrigues Mesquita, Andre Pereira Rosa, Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes, Alisson Carraro Borges
Summary: The study investigated the application of decentralized systems in Brazil and discussed their management in light of legislation. It was found that UASB reactors and septic tanks were the most useful decentralized systems in Brazil, however, the responsibilities for these systems are scarcely defined. Only two states in Brazil had guidelines defining responsibilities for the management of decentralized systems, and regulations for decentralized systems were present in only three states. The combination of centralized and decentralized systems could be a proper alternative to overcome the deficit in sanitation services in Brazil.
DESENVOLVIMENTO E MEIO AMBIENTE
(2021)
Article
Political Science
Uende Aparecida Figueiredo Gomes, Leo Heller
AMERICA LATINA HOY-REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES
(2016)
Article
Water Resources
U. A. F. Gomes, Priscilla Cordeiro de Miranda, Joao L. Pena, Cidoval Morais de Sousa, Beatriz S. Ovruski de Ceballos