Article
Environmental Sciences
Hongyan Zhai, Shengzi Cheng, Liangyu Zhang, Wenjing Luo, Yanan Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination and chloramination of algal organic matter (AOM) from four algal species. It identifies the factors that affect the types and yields of DBPs under different conditions. The results show that the concentrations of disinfectant, pH, and bromide can all influence the formation of DBPs during chlorination and chloramination processes.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zixiang He, Yusheng Cheng, Xiaobin Liao, Jing Yu, Xina Lin, Huan Qi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of three commonly used oxidants (ozone, chlorine, and potassium permanganate) on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the toxicity of treated water in drinking water treatment plants. The results showed that pre-KMnO4 significantly reduced HAAs formation, pre-HClO directly produced THMs and HAAs, and pre-O3 performed best on NDMA reduction. Pre-oxidation methods also influenced the transformation of organic matter and the toxicity of water.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tianze Liu, Xiaobin Liao, Xinna Lin, Jing Yu, Huan Qi, Zhibin Jiang, Jing Zou, Qingsong Li
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using 3-diethylaminopropylamine (DEAPA) as a greenhouse gas adsorbent to control the formation of carcinogenic nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in chlorination/chloramination processes. The results showed that the pre-oxidation with 4 mg/L O3 significantly reduced NDEA formation, with reduction rates of 67.5% and 48.5% in chlorination and chloramination, respectively. The presence of an OH scavenger increased the final NDEA concentration during ozonation. The study also proposed the mechanisms through which pre-O3 influenced NDEA formation in subsequent disinfection processes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhao-Xi Ye, Kai-Li Shao, Huang Huang, Xin Yang
Summary: The study indicates that tetracycline antibiotics form DBPs including DCAcAm during chlorination and chloramination, with DCAcAm being a main contributor to the yields and cytotoxicity of the measured DBPs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feifei Wang, Yulin Hu, Jiazheng Pan, Jie Zhou, Chiquan He, J. A. M. H. Hofman, Wenhai Chu, Jan Peter van der Hoek
Summary: The study investigated the short-term and long-term effects of phosphate addition on the formation potentials of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) by biological activated carbon filters (BACFs). The results showed that short-term phosphate addition improved the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and various types of DBPs, but long-term addition led to a decrease in these removals.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luan de Souza Leite, Danilo Vitorino dos Santos, Cristina Filomena Pereira Rosa Paschoalato, Tom Bond, Luiz Antonio Daniel
Summary: Eutrophication in water reservoirs leads to the release of algal organic matter (AOM), which serves as an important precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) during water treatment. This study investigates the DBP formation from chlor(am)ination of AOM derived from the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, which is expected to become more prevalent in algal blooms due to climate change. The results show that Chlorella sorokiniana AOM exhibits higher DBP formation compared to previously studied algae species.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Henry MacKeown, Urs von Gunten, Justine Criquet
Summary: Iodine is a naturally-occurring halogen in natural waters, but during oxidative drinking water treatment, iodine-containing disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) can be formed. I-DBPs are generally more toxic compared to their chlorinated and brominated analogues, making them a potential health problem. This paper provides a critical review on the reactivity of iodine and the most common intermediate reactive iodine species, as well as proposes methods to mitigate the formation of I-DBPs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Litong Cai, Huahan Huang, Qingsong Li, Jing Deng, Xiaoyan Ma, Jing Zou, Guoxin Li, Guoyuan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the formation characteristics of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetamides (HAcAms) from dissolved organic matter and its fractions during chlorine-based disinfection processes. The relationships between water quality parameters, fluorescence parameters, and the formation levels of THMs and HAcAms were analyzed. It was found that hydrophobic acidic substance (HOA), hydrophobic neutral substance (HON), and hydrophilic substance (HIS) were the primary precursors for the formation of certain compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamed Khorasani, Jiale Xu, Thuy Nguyen, Zachary Kralles, Paul Westerhoff, Ning Dai, Zhenduo Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the impact of treated wastewater on downstream drinking water sources, with non-WWTP sources contributing significantly to HAN-FP concentration, and the contributions of the two sources varying with streamflow discharge fluctuations.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nian Hong, Yuqing Li, Jiachen Liu, Mengting Yang, An Liu
Summary: A study found that urban stormwater has different concentrations and components of dissolved organic matters compared to surface water and reclaimed water. The formation potential of trihalomethanes in urban stormwater, especially roof stormwater, is lower than that of drinking water and most reclaimed water samples. These results provide important guidance for the reuse and disinfection of urban stormwater.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiaming Lily Shi, Euna Kim, Georgia B. Cardosa, Daniel L. McCurry
Summary: Nitromethane, a byproduct of ozone, can be efficiently chlorinated to form chloropicrin. The chloramination reaction of nitromethane to chloropicrin is slower and sometimes incomplete compared to free chlorination, and unexpectedly forms nitrate. Ozone is commonly used as a pre-disinfectant in water treatment, but nitromethane has been found to be a common byproduct in wastewater and a key intermediate in the transformation to chloropicrin during secondary disinfection with chlorine. The reaction mechanism and kinetics of nitromethane transformation by chloramines are unknown. This study investigated the kinetics, mechanism, and products of nitromethane chloramination, revealing that it produces a range of products influenced by pH and reaction time.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tianwei Hao, Manhong Miao, Xuhua Cheng, Yuanyuan Dou, Min Zhang, Yao Li
Summary: With the increased use of microplastics, it is important to understand their role in water treatment systems. This study investigated the formation of disinfection by-products using polypropylene microplastics under different conditions. It was found that the presence of organic matter suppressed the formation of by-products, and the pH and salinity of the water affected the formation of the by-products.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rebecca A. Li, James A. McDonald, Arumugam Sathasivan, Stuart J. Khan
Summary: This study evaluates the application of Bayesian Network models to predict trihalomethanes concentration in drinking water distribution systems, using various water quality parameters. The best-performing models were selected and found to have high predictive accuracies for Sydney and South East Queensland. The developed modeling procedure can now be applied to develop system-specific Bayesian network models for trihalomethanes prediction in other drinking water distribution systems.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jr-Lin Lin, Aldeno Rachmad Ika
Summary: This study investigated the effects of pre-chlorination on Microcystis aeruginosa-laden water in different growth phases and the formation of carbonaceous disinfection by-products. The results showed that chlorination at the exponential phase led to faster and stronger degradation of algal cells, resulting in more significant viability loss and the formation of disinfection by-products, especially trihalomethanes. Pre-chlorination played a key role in the in-situ formation of disinfection by-products, with precursors contributing differently at each growth phase.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gamze Ersan, Mahmut S. Ersan, Amer Kanan, Tanju Karanfil
Summary: This study aimed to develop models predicting the formation of HANs in different water sources under uniform conditions. Through multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that various parameters had different relationships with HAN formation in different water sources. pH was identified as the most significant descriptor in predicting the formation of DCAN, HAN4, and HAN6, with its correlation depending on the source water and treatment method.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Dora Cserbik, Cintia Flores, Maria J. Farre, Josep Sanchis, Jose A. Alcolea, Carles Planas, Josep Caixach, Cristina M. Villanueva
Summary: This study aimed to estimate exposure to regulated and non-regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. The results showed high concentrations of chlorate, THMs, HAAs and HANs in water samples, with multivariate linear regression models demonstrating good predictive ability for non-regulated DBPs.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lena Mutzner, Viviane Furrer, Helene Castebrunet, Ulrich Dittmer, Stephan Fuchs, Wolfgang Gernjak, Marie-Christine Gromaire, Andreas Matzinger, Peter Steen Mikkelsen, William R. Selbig, Luca Vezzaro
Summary: Urban wet-weather discharges from combined sewer overflows and stormwater outlets can pose a threat to surface waters. Despite efforts to monitor micropollutants, the information is limited and scattered. Our data-driven analysis identified the most relevant micropollutants and determined the minimum number of data needed for reliable concentration estimates. We also provided recommendations for future monitoring campaigns.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Josep Sanchis, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Cristina M. Villanueva, Maria Jose Farre
Summary: The generation of disinfection by-products during water chlorination is a major concern in water treatment. This study used high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) to identify nitrogen-containing disinfection by-products (DBPs) and evaluate their presence in potable water. The results revealed the occurrence of numerous DBPs, with a significant fraction being detected in the final product water.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Inmaculada Velo-Gala, Maria J. Farre, Jelena Radjenovic, Wolfgang Gernjak
Summary: The UV/chlorine system has become an attractive alternative Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) due to the simultaneous formation of chlorine and hydroxyl radicals. However, there is no consensus regarding previous micropollutant removal studies by AOPs, emphasizing the need for further research. This study investigates the degradation of acetaminophen (ACTP) by UV/chlorine and the effects of the water matrix on reaction kinetics, revealing the complexity of the system and the impact of pH and water constituents.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francis M. dela Rosa, Marin Popovic, Josipa Papac Zjacic, Gabrijela Radic, Marijana Kraljic Rokovic, Marin Kovacic, Maria Jose Farre, Bostjan Genorio, Urska Lavrencic Stangar, Hrvoje Kusic, Ana Loncaric Bozic, Mira Petrovic
Summary: Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were successfully fabricated using a simple impregnation/calcination technique and characterized. The results showed that 5% Fe2O3/TiO2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. Optimal reaction conditions were determined using statistical planning and response surface modeling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Marine Diana, Maria Jose Farre, Josep Sanchis, Rakesh Kanda, Monica Felipe-Sotelo, Tom Bond
Summary: This study identified 30 stable UV-absorbing disinfection byproducts (DBPs) from phenolic precursors, including 12 previously unknown furan-like structures. Some of these DBPs were predicted to be mutagens and bladder carcinogens, suggesting their potential toxicity to human health.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
N. Kovoor George, B. A. Wols, D. Santoro, M. Borboudakis, K. Bell, W. Gernjak
Summary: UV-C and VUV are the two major emission lines of a low-pressure mercury lamp, which can degrade organic micropollutants. New performance indicators are needed to support the scale-up of the dual-wavelength VUV+UV/H2O2 AOP.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Beate Escher, Jordi Blanco, Josep Caixach, Dora Cserbik, Maria J. Farre, Cintia Flores, Maria Koenig, Jungeun Lee, Jo Nyffeler, Carles Planas, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Joaquim Rovira, Josep Sanchis, Marta Schuhmacher, Cristina M. Villanueva
Summary: This study evaluated the neurotoxicity, oxidative stress response, and cytotoxicity of tap water samples in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. It compared the measured effects of the detected chemicals with the predicted mixture effects. The results showed that non-regulated non-volatile disinfection byproducts were the main drivers of the mixture effects.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Maria Jose Farre, Sara Insa, Wolfgang Gernjak, Lluis Corominas, Mira Celic, Vicenc Acun
Summary: This study investigates the concentrations of N-nitrosamines (NAs) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as hazardous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in industrial wastewater effluents. The presence of most NAs and their precursors is not linked to a specific industry type, but certain NAs and their precursors show differences in concentrations between industrial typologies. Effluents from the Manufacture of basic chemical industry have the highest concentration of NDMA, while the Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur industry have the highest concentration of NDMA precursors.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amit Kumar, Nikola Skoro, Wolfgang Gernjak, Olivera Jovanovic, Suzana Zivkovic, Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque, Maria Jose Farre, Nevena Puac
Summary: In this study, cold atmospheric plasma was used as an advanced oxidation process for water de-contamination. Different plasma configurations were employed to treat aqueous solutions of Diclofenac sodium and 4-Chlorobenzoic acid. The results showed the presence of reactive species in the plasma, such as hydroxyl radicals and atomic oxygen, which are important for the degradation of organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency and energy yield were calculated for different plasma sources and different volumes of contaminated water samples. LC-MS measurements were used to determine the degradation products and pathways for Diclofenac sodium.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dora Cserbik, Paula E. Redondo-Hasselerharm, Maria J. J. Farre, Josep Sanchis, Arantxa Bartolome, Alexandra Paraian, Eva Maria Herrera, Josep Caixach, Cristina M. M. Villanueva, Cintia Flores
Summary: A wide range of chemicals in drinking water and urine samples were analyzed through target and non-target screening to estimate human exposure. PFAS, bisphenol A, and nonylphenol were detected in tap water and urine samples, and LC-HRMS revealed the presence of pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. Reverse osmosis effectively removed PFAS, while activated carbon filters did not. These findings are important for exposure science and monitoring drinking water contaminants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vicenc Acuna, Mira Celic, Lluis Corominas, Wolfgang Gernjak, Nils Gutierrez, Sara Insa, Antoni Munne, Josep Sanchis, Carolina Sola, Maria Jose Farre
Summary: Despite having extensive datasets on industries, our understanding of the chemical composition of industrial wastewater and its impact on achieving sustainable development goals remains limited. In this study, we collected wastewater samples from various industries and analyzed the composition of contaminants. The results showed significant linkages between industry types and wastewater composition, highlighting the importance of further research in this area.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edwin Chingate, Jorg E. Drewes, Maria Jose Farre, Uwe Huebner
Summary: Introducing OrbiFragsNets, a tool for automatic annotation of MS2 spectra generated by Orbi-trap instruments, as well as the concepts of chemical consistency and fragments networks. OrbiFragsNets utilizes the specific confidence interval for each peak in every MS2 spectrum, which is unclear in high-resolution mass spectrometry literature. The annotations are expressed as fragments networks, a set of networks with combinations of annotations for the fragments. This new approach proved to perform as well as established tools like RMassBank and SIRIUS for automatic annotation of Orbitrap MS2 spectra.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Elias Munthali, Rafael Marce, Maria Jose Farre
Summary: This study conducted a seasonal investigation on a river-reservoir interconnected system to explore the effects of hydraulic residence time, thermal stratification, and seasonality on carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation potential in source waters. The results showed that season was the most significant factor influencing DBP formation, with higher carbonaceous DBP formation potential in autumn and summer compared to winter. The study also found notable inter-system effects and seasonal variations in DBP formation potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.