期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 47, 期 14, 页码 4978-4985出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.05.041
关键词
Monochloramine; Disinfection; Microarray; Drinking water; Biofilm; Antibiotic resistance
资金
- US National Science Foundation Biocomplexity GEN-EN Program [BES-0412618]
Despite the widespread use of monochloramine in drinking water treatment, there is surprisingly little information about its mode of action. In this study, DNA microarrays were used to investigate the global gene expression of Escherichia coli cells exposed to sublethal concentrations of monochloramine, with a focus on temporal dynamics. Genes induced by monochloramine were associated with several stress response functions, including oxidative stress, DNA repair, multidrug efflux, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and cell wall repair. The diversity of functional associations supports a model of monochloramine action involving multiple cellular targets including cell membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins. These data suggest that E. coli responds to monochloramine exposure by activating diverse defense responses rather than a single antioxidant system and the exposure may also induce biofilm formation. The induction of multidrug efflux pumps and specific antibiotic resistance genes further suggests that exposure to monochloramine may contribute to reduced susceptibility to some antibiotics. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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