Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
J. C. de Smit, M. G. Kleinhans, T. Gerkema, T. J. Bouma
Summary: The study discusses the importance of the erosion threshold of cohesive sediments in tidal flats and the need for rapid methods to quantify the critical bottom shear stress. The use of the mobile Oscillatory-Channel Resuspension flume, OsCaR, allows for accurate measurement of wave-generated shear stress on sediment cores and captures the main benthic processes effectively.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yonghui Qiao, Jingyang Luan, Le Mao, Jianren Fan, Ting Zhu, Kun Luo
Summary: This study reveals the biomechanical mechanism of distal stent-graft-induced new entry (dSINE) deterioration after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The results suggest that time-averaged wall shear stress or oscillatory shear index alone is not accurate in predicting the deterioration of dSINE. Instead, relative residence time and endothelial cell activation potential demonstrate stronger predictive power.
Review
Engineering, Civil
Xiaoyang Wu, Qing Chen, Bin Zhao, Ke Zhang, Peiyan Wang, Zhufeng Yue
Summary: In this study, the effects of discrete low-velocity impact damage on carbon fiber composite stiffened panels were investigated through tests and finite element analysis. The results showed that low-velocity impact could alter the stiffness and strength of the structure.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Xiaohui Chen, Guoliang Yu, Shaolin Yue, Huan Zhou
Summary: The ultimate yield stress of cohesive sediments is affected by the oscillatory shear frequency, water content, and the original yield stress. Below a critical shear frequency, the yield stress decreases as the frequency increases, while above it remains constant. This study provides insights on potential engineering applications and distinguishes between non-equilibrium and equilibrium fluidization stages.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Gaetano Bosurgi, Orazio Pellegrino, Alessia Ruggeri, Giuseppe Sollazzo
Summary: Traffic loads and environmental factors can cause distress on road pavements, leading to hazardous conditions for drivers, especially during rain. Current methods for evaluating road surfaces focus on the detection of distresses through synthetic indicators, but fail to consider the hydraulic efficiency of the carriageway. In this paper, a synthetic indicator called Hydraulic Condition Index (HCI) is proposed to evaluate the hydraulic quality of road pavement surfaces, which can help road agencies prioritize maintenance needs and improve traffic safety.
Article
Mechanics
Carlo Camporeale, Fabio Cannamela, Claudio Canuto, Costantino Manes
Summary: This paper presents results from a linear stability analysis of turbulent depth-averaged open-channel flows with secondary currents, showing the existence of sinuous instability and the conditions required for its presence. The study suggests that VLSMs might be triggered by nonlinear mechanisms and LSMs could be governed by an outer-layer cycle.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Anuarbek Onayev, Omar Swei
Summary: This study aims to improve existing techniques by developing a deterioration model that captures the effect of pavement performance improvement across time. Results show that pavement performance has significantly improved over time, with the construction year being an important factor influencing pavement life expectancy. The proposed model accounts for biases in existing approaches and will allow decision-makers to improve their current deterioration models and resource allocation strategies.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Hao Long, Yanwei Liu, Yueguang Wei
Summary: This study proposes a theoretical model based on the bilinear cohesive zone model to characterize the debonding process of stiff film/compliant substrate systems. The solutions of this model are validated by experimental data and finite element analysis, showing that it can accurately capture the debonding process and discuss the influencing factors.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ho Geol Woo, Hyug-Gi Kim, Kyung Mi Lee, Sang Hee Ha, HangJin Jo, Sung Hyuk Heo, Dae-il Chang, Bum Joon Kim
Summary: Blood viscosity may influence the mechanisms of stroke and early neurological deterioration (END). This study aimed to explore the association between blood viscosity, stroke mechanisms, and END in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. The results showed that blood viscosity was highest in patients with in situ thrombo-occlusion (sMCA-IST), followed by artery-to-artery embolism (sMCA-AAE) and local branch occlusion (sMCA-LBO). Low shear viscosity was associated with END in all three mechanisms. These findings suggest a relationship between blood viscosity and END in patients with MCA infarction.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
James Guilkey, Omar Alsolaiman, Robert Lander, Linda Bonnell, Jennie Cook
Summary: Modeling the behavior of granular materials using the Material Point Method is demonstrated, with a focus on treating contact between bodies and incorporating inter-granular bonding. The use of cohesive zones to represent bonds between grains in contact is described, and examples are provided to illustrate the capability in two and three dimensions. The ability to influence the stiffness and strength of bonded granular materials is showcased.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Guosheng Xiang, Weimin Ye, Zhijie Hu, Wenqing Fu
Summary: The decomposition of concrete in auxiliary structures produces high-alkaline pore water in disposal repositories, which greatly affects the mechanical properties of bentonite. Shear tests were conducted on GMZ01 bentonite inundated with NaOH and KOH solutions to assess the impact of alkaline solutions on shear strength. The results show that shear strength is directly related to the concentration of the two types of alkaline solution, with KOH solution yielding higher shear strength than NaOH solution at the same concentration. The concept of modified effective stress p' helps explain the erosion of bentonite by alkaline solution based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Further analysis revealed an increase in the angle of internal friction & phi;& PRIME; at higher alkaline concentrations.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tian Zhang, Zhao-Dong Xu, Hong-Wei Li, Xing-Huai Huang, Yao-Rong Dong, Ye-Shou Xu, Qing-Xuan Shi
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional refined model of the viscoelastic damper (VED) was developed to investigate the influence of interface performance on the mechanical properties of the VED. Experimental validations show that the developed model can effectively represent the stiffness degradation behavior of the VED under shear loading. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using a bi-linear cohesive constitutive law to deal with the interface characteristics of the VED and the wide application prospect of the developed model in engineering practice.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ferdous Shaun, Elyes Nefzaoui, Frederic Marty, William Cesar, Tarik Bourouina
Summary: This paper reports on micro-machined flow-rate sensors as part of autonomous multi-parameter sensing devices for water network monitoring. Three different prototypes of the flow-rate sensors have been designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized. The results show that the glass substrate device is more sensitive and less power-consuming under identical operating conditions. Further optimization and design strategies are required when silicon is needed as the substrate material.
MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ye Feng, Jie Li
Summary: This study presents a new phase-field fracture modeling method that can be applied to cases where toughness depends on different fracture modes, and validates the effectiveness of the method through numerical examples.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yinge Zhu, Huiyuan Chen, Anqi Li, Yue Wu, Xiaoli Zhang
Summary: The mechanical behaviors of rock masses are significantly affected by the distribution and shape of the holes in it. In this research, the fracture mechanism and the shear properties of rock masses containing holes were investigated using the cohesive zone model (CZM) method. The results show that the shear process can be divided into elastic, strengthening, plastic, and residual stress stages, and the shear rate and normal stress are positively correlated with shear strength and dilatancy. The cracking behavior and mechanical properties of the specimens are closely related to the shear rate and normal stress.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. Liu, A. Schellart, J. Boxall, M. Mayfield, S. Tait
Summary: This study explores the opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from UK domestic heating by utilizing existing drinking water and wastewater assets, in conjunction with local renewable energy generation. The results show that this approach can significantly reduce emissions and is robust across different future scenarios.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
F. Liu, A. Schellart, W. Shepherd, J. Boxall, M. Mayfield, S. Tait
Summary: This study investigates spatial and temporal conflicts in meeting domestic heat demand through renewable electrical energy supply and low-grade decentralised heat recovery from the urban drainage network in a UK case study area. The findings suggest that adopting an optimised and integrated water-energy system would lead to a 60% reduction in current carbon emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Lewis O. Makana, Will J. Shepherd, Simon Tait, Christopher D. F. Rogers, Nicole Metje, Joby B. Boxall, Alma N. A. Schellart
Summary: This paper examines the role of pipe deterioration prediction approaches for optimizing maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation of buried water supply, wastewater collection, and drainage networks. It highlights the need for broader and richer data sets to inform the development and application of such approaches.
JOURNAL OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Katherine E. Fish, Nik Reeves-McLaren, Stewart Husband, Joby Boxall
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Iftekhar Sunny, Stewart Husband, Joby Boxall
Summary: Simulating the long-term discolouration behavior of large trunk mains can help water utilities understand and manage these assets and reduce customer dissatisfaction. The Variable Condition Discolouration Model (VCDM) is validated using field data from three similar trunk mains with different hydraulic maintenance regimes. The model accurately reproduces measured turbidity responses with a general accuracy of +/- 0.25 NTU.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Sarai Diaz, Joby Boxall, Louis Lamarche, Javier Gonzalez
Summary: This research evaluates the impact of temperature on the processes in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (DWDS), and specifically focuses on the finite heat capacity of the ground. The study finds that considering the finite heat capacity of the ground has a significant impact on water-ground heat transfer in DWDS for distances up to tens of kilometers. Although the temperature differences found were small, a few degrees Celsius, they have implications for reaction rates, such as chlorine decay, and will affect the entire downstream network of the DWDS.
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Killian Gleeson, Stewart Husband, John Gaffney, Joby Boxall
Summary: The derivation of information from monitoring drinking water quality at high spatiotemporal resolution is limited by variable data quality. A framework is developed to overcome this by applying rule-based data quality assessment, cross-correlation, and spatiotemporal information. The framework provides quality-assured data and actionable insight.
AQUA-WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ECOSYSTEMS AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Grigorios Kyritsakas, Joseph B. Boxall, Vanessa L. Speight
Summary: Water utilities collect large amounts of data, but they are not effectively utilized. Machine learning techniques can provide deeper insights from such data. We propose a Big Data framework that enables a systematic approach to progress through data storage, integration, analysis, and visualization, with applications in drinking water quality. The framework includes a novel process for selecting the appropriate ML method based on required insights and available data. Case studies of a water utility serving 5.5 million people validate the framework and demonstrate its use in deriving actionable information for ensuring safe drinking water delivery.
AQUA-WATER INFRASTRUCTURE ECOSYSTEMS AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaun Boatwright, Stephen Mounce, Michele Romano, Joby Boxall
Summary: A novel framework integrating pressure sensors and geospatial techniques was developed to locate leaks/bursts in drinking water distribution systems. A data-driven leak/burst localization technique using spatially constrained interpolation was employed to quantify pressure changes due to new events. The framework achieved accurate predictions of the system's performance, even with a small number of sensors. Validation using engineered events showed successful localization and demonstrated the effectiveness of the framework.
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Will Shepherd, Stephen Mounce, Gavin Sailor, John Gaffney, Neeraj Shah, Nigel Smith, Adam Cartwright, Joby Boxall
Summary: This paper presents an evaluation of an online artificial-intelligence-based analytics system that gives early warning of combined sewer overflow (CSO) due to system degradation. The system integrates a cloud-based data-driven system using artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic with real-time monitoring of water depths in CSO chambers. Results show that the system achieved a high true positive rate and low false positive rate, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing CSO discharges and improving performance.
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Joby Boxall, Mirjam Blokker, Peter Schaap, Vanessa Speight, Stewart Husband
Summary: Discoloured drinking water, caused by elevated concentrations of organic and inorganic particles, is unacceptable. It is proposed and shown how the processes behind the cohesive layers and gravitational sedimentation theories both occur and how to integrate them to better explain observed behavior and inform operational interventions to reduce discolouration. Future research addressing deficiencies in understanding material accumulation will enable determination of long term sustainable management strategies to safeguard distribution of high-quality drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Iftekhar Sunny, Stewart Husband, Joby Boxall
Summary: Material accumulation in drinking water distribution systems necessitates episodic maintenance to prevent uncontrolled mobilization and water quality failures. Discolouration, as observed by consumers, is particularly significant in trunk mains supplying large populations downstream. This study investigates long-term costs by considering operational and capital interventions to sustain hydraulic capability for limiting discolouration response. Trade-off curves between discolouration resilience and maintenance intervention frequency and magnitude are developed using the Variable Condition Discolouration Model (VCDM). The study also explores the potential operational savings from reduced maintenance following capital investment, such as water treatment upgrades.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ji Won Park, Joby Boxall, Sung Kyu Maeng
Summary: Culture-independent data can be used to identify HPC exceedances in drinking water. The study developed an ANN model using ICC, ATP, and chlorine data, achieving high accuracy in classifying HPC exceedances. The model overcomes culture dependence and provides near real-time data for ensuring the safety of drinking water.
Article
Water Resources
Grigorios Kyritsakas, Joby Boxall, Vanessa Speight
Summary: A data-driven model for predicting bacteriological presence in treated water from drinking water treatment plants is presented, using various machine learning methods and variable selection approaches. The model accurately predicts total cell counts 12 hours ahead, enabling proactive interventions to ensure safe drinking water.
FRONTIERS IN WATER
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Killian Gleeson, Stewart Husband, John Gaffney, Joby Boxall
Summary: This research used crowd-sourcing exercises to identify features of interest within turbidity time series data from operational systems. The resulting labels provided insight and a benchmark for evaluating algorithmic approaches to mimic human interpretation. Automation was designed for event detection and categorisation.
JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.