Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thanh Son Le, Nhat Minh Dang, Dinh Trinh Tran
Summary: Landfill leachate remediation is challenging due to the presence of various organic, inorganic compounds, microorganism materials, and heavy metals. This study demonstrated that a hybrid electrocoagulation-biofiltration system can effectively remove both organic and inorganic pollutants from landfill leachate, enhancing treatment efficiency.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shizheng Zhou, Youjian Li, Xindi Liao, Wei Wang, Changfa Mao, Jiandui Mi, Yinbao Wu, Yan Wang
Summary: A cost-effective deodorizing spray net device is designed to significantly reduce NH3 emissions from pig farms, with a construction cost of $3200 and an annual operation cost of $2600.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Veronika Zhiteneva, Jorg E. Drewes, Uwe Hubner
Summary: This study found that biological filters were effective in removing some organic compounds from real wastewater, but even after treating over 90000 bed volumes, adsorption onto activated carbon was still occurring for certain persistent compounds.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhizhan Luo, Yong Li, Bohan Chen, Mengen Lei, Naixin Zhang, Xiaolei Zhang, Ji Li
Summary: Partial denitrification (PD) is a stable and effective approach for NO2-N accumulation, and PD/Anammox (PD/A) is a promising nitrogen removal process. This study investigated the effects of free ammonia (FA) on PD bacteria and revealed that low FA concentration enhanced NO2-N reduction rate, while high FA level inhibited PD bacteria. The results confirmed the feasibility of PD/A process in high FA wastewater treatment.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yun Peng, Lei Li, Wenduo Yuan, Di Wu, Pingjin Yang, Xuya Peng
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of co-digesting food waste and landfill leachate to alleviate ammonia inhibition. The results show that the optimal substrate mixing ratio is achieved when the concentration of leachate in the co-digestion reactor is 40% (v/v). The addition of leachate alleviates ammonia inhibition and promotes stable methane generation. Microbial analysis reveals a higher abundance of Pelotomaculum in the co-digestion system, and genetic analysis confirms the enrichment of genes involved in butyrate, propionate, and methane metabolism. The characteristics of the digestate after long-term co-digestion indicate no ecological risk.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guoqiang Liu, Xianwei Wu, Deyong Li, Lugao Jiang, Ju Huang, Li Zhuang
Summary: The study showed that short-term low dissolved oxygen increased N2O emissions, while long-term low DO decreased emissions by increasing the abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the ASP. Long-term low DO reduced AOB abundance but increased AOA, with AOA potentially inhibiting N2O production. The positive correlation between N2O emissions and nitrite concentration became insignificant after 80 days of low DO operation, suggesting that ASPs can reduce N2O production and CO2 emissions by operating with low DO and extended sludge age.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinyu Yan, Lei He, Wenjuan Zhang, Weihua Chen, Jian Wu, Niannian Yang, Xinyu Cai, Li Li, Lili Yan, Pinhua Rao
Summary: A novel approach using continuous flat-sheet gas-permeable membranes (GPMs) reactor pretreatment efficiently removes and recovers ammonia-nitrogen;The ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency reached 74.2% and 66.2% under specific conditions for simulated nitrogenous wastewater and landfill leachate, respectively;Furthermore, (NH4)2SO4 was successfully recovered, and stable hydrophobic properties were exhibited by the flat-sheet GPMs.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianhua Zhang, Zhen Huang, Li Gao, Stephen Gray, Zongli Xie
Summary: The study successfully treated landfill leachate using dual layer membranes, with a hydrophilic layer coated on a hydrophobic membrane and incorporation of AlFu MOF to improve the removal efficiency of PFAS and ammonia, while enhancing the wetting resistance.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tergel Dalantai, Chaeyoung Rhee, Dae Wook Kim, Sung Il Yu, Juhee Shin, Jin Mi Triolo, Seung Gu Shin
Summary: This study examined the use of slaughterhouse waste as a primary feedstock and investigated the potential co-inhibitions of ammonia and fatty acids. The findings suggest that liquid-state digestion may be more effective in producing methane compared to solid-state digestion under certain conditions. Additionally, analyzing the relationship between microbial communities and operational parameters can provide insights for sustainable biogas production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ke Feng, Qibin Li
Summary: This study investigated the removal characteristics of NH4+-N and organic matter in landfill leachate with high chloride ion content. The results showed that increasing chloride ion concentration improved the production of hypochlorous acid in the MW/PMS system, and that MW irradiation had an important influence on the activation of PMS. The high concentration of hypochlorous acid produced by the system can remove NH4+-N in situ and participate in the reaction with pollutants.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ke Feng, Min Bao, Huan Li, Qibin Li
Summary: This study investigates the removal characteristics of refractory organic matter (ROM) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+) using a Co2+/peroxymonosulfate (Co2+/PMS) process with high chlorine ion (Cl-) concentration in landfill leachate. The findings reveal that high Cl- concentration leads to the generation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and NH4+ and ROM compete for HOCl, resulting in the preferential removal of humic-like substances. This study provides theoretical support for the design and optimization of methods for NH4+ and ROM removal from waste leachate containing high Cl- content.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Le Zhang, Jingxin Wang, Xia Gong, Yaohua Song, Danping Li, Huajun Huang, Chenglong Yu, Ximei Liang, Hansun Fang
Summary: Microplastics in sewage pose significant threats to aquatic systems. Surface flow wetlands are commonly used as inexpensive and easy-to-build sewage treatment systems, but the seasonal variation patterns of microplastics in sewage removed by these wetlands are limited. This study conducted a field investigation in a surface flow wetland that has been operating for 17 years. The research found that the concentration of microplastics in the influent of the wetland varied seasonally, with higher levels in summer and winter, and the removal efficiencies of microplastics in different seasons ranged from 48.03% to 92.32%.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Qian Zhang, Yunan Zhu, Chunbo Yuan, Chu Zhang, Minglei Cui, Tiantao Zhao
Summary: A highly salt and high ammonia nitrogen tolerant heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis TF-1, was isolated from landfill leachate. The study investigated its nitrogen removal pathway and optimized nitrogen removal conditions.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Xu, Yuting Chen, Zheng Wang, Yu Zhang, Yueling He, Ai Zhang, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: Landfill leachate from domestic waste contains high-strength nitrogen. The combination of anoxic and aerobic process (AO) based on nitrification and denitrification is commonly used for biological nitrogen removal (BNR). However, the presence of high-strength organics and the reflux of aerobic effluent may affect the performance of the AO process. By studying the nitrogen balance in a landfill leachate treatment plant, it was found that the primary anoxic and aerobic stages were responsible for approximately 90% removal of total nitrogen (TN) and ammonia (NH4+-N). The dominance of ammonia assimilation in the BNR mechanism of landfill leachate in AO was identified, providing valuable insights for optimizing engineering design and operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sunantha Ganesan, Samon Dangrit, Dao Janjaroen
Summary: One of the most pressing problems in rural areas is the contamination of drinking water with arsenic and other pollutants. Inadequate public awareness campaigns have led to a significant risk of arsenic toxicity in rural populations. This study examined the feasibility of using iron oxide coated biosand filtration to remove arsenate from water, and found that it was highly effective, with up to 99.8% removal over 120 days. Additional experiments showed that the adsorption of arsenate onto iron oxide particles followed a pseudo second-order model, and the leachate from the filtration should be treated as hazardous waste.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sang Yeob Kim, Carlos M. Lopez-Vazquez, Josip Curko, Marin Matosic, Ivan K. Svetec, Anamarija Stafa, Chris Milligan, Aridai Herrera, Juan Pedro Maestre, Kerry A. Kinney, Damir Brdjanovic, Hector A. Garcia
Summary: The SDOX system is proposed as an alternative for dissolved oxygen supply in wastewater treatment plants, allowing for higher MLSS concentrations and increased treatment capacity. Studies show that SDOX technology has higher oxygen transfer rates and efficiencies compared to conventional diffused aeration systems, with no significant impact on the biological performance of MBRs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Luis Rafael Lopez, Mabel Mora, Caroline Van der Heyden, Juan Antonio Baeza, Eveline Volcke, David Gabriel
Summary: Biotrickling filters are widely used for biogas desulfurization, but achieving robust and reliable operation has been challenging. Control strategies involve regulating air flowrate and trickling liquid velocity to control oxygen and hydrogen sulfide gas outlet concentrations, respectively, to enhance performance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Juan P. Maestre, David Jarma, Jia-Rong F. Yu, Jeffrey A. Siegel, Sharon D. Horner, Kerry A. Kinney
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal can be detected at multiple locations within a COVID-19 isolation home and can persist after symptoms have resolved. The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in dust recovered from home HVAC filters may be useful for estimating SARS-CoV-2 airborne levels in homes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
E. Fernandez-Palacios, Xudong Zhou, Mabel Mora, David Gabriel
Summary: In this study, the long-term performance and microbial dynamics of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor targeting sulfate reduction were evaluated using crude glycerol as the organic carbon source. Illumina analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used to study the bacterial community dynamics, revealing Desulfovibrio as the main sulfate-reducing genus in the reactor. Through sampling at different reactor heights and analysis of chemical species, insights into the performance and changes in targeted species of the sulfidogenic UASB were gained.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mira L. K. Sulonen, Juan Antonio Baeza, David Gabriel, Albert Guisasola
Summary: This study found that adjusting pH and sulphide concentration under specific conditions can increase sulphate reduction rate, thus effectively treating acid mine drainage and minimizing environmental impact.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
X. Zhou, E. Fernandez-Palacios, A. D. Dorado, X. Gamisans, D. Gabriel
Summary: The study assessed the reactions and consumption/production rates involved in glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction, finding that under sulfidogenic conditions, specific sulfate reduction rates using low molecular weight carbon sources (such as formate and ethanol) were 39% higher than those using high molecular weight carbon sources (such as propionate, 1,3-propanediol, and butanol).
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jose Alhama, Juan P. Maestre, M. Angeles Martin, Carmen Michan
Summary: Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) is widely used for monitoring the progression of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at local levels, but attention should be paid to limitations in methods related to sampling, concentrating viruses, and quantification; Factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater include temperature, sampling methods and schedules, virus concentration methods, and detection methods; Developing common standardized protocols is essential for alerting authorities to implement early action measures.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cecilia Polizzi, David Gabriel, Giulio Munz
Summary: Partial denitrification is a valuable solution for NO2- supply in Anammox systems. By controlling influent S/N ratio and sludge retention time (SRT), sulphide-driven Partial Autotrophic Denitrification (PAD) can achieve high conversion efficiencies of NO2-. The study also found that stable S-limiting conditions favor the enrichment of Sulphur Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB).
Review
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Gonzalez, David Gabriel, Antoni Sanchez
Summary: This review examines the development of waste treatment plants based on biological treatments worldwide. The main challenge faced by these plants is the reduction of malodorous emissions. The article discusses the methodology for determining odors, the main causes of undesirable gaseous emissions, and the characterization of odors. It also explores various odor abatement technologies, particularly those related to low-impact biological processes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorraine N. Velez-Torres, Benjamin Bolanos-Rosero, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino, Felix E. Rivera-Mariani, Juan P. Maestre, Kerry Kinney, Humberto Cavallin
Summary: Extensive flooding caused by Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico created favorable conditions for indoor growth of filamentous fungi. Homes that suffered water damage not only have higher indoor proliferation of filamentous fungi, but their indoor fungal populations change over time following the Hurricane, ultimately converging with outdoor fungal communities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. R. Nelson, A. Lu, J. P. Maestre, E. J. Palmer, D. Jarma, K. A. Kinney, T. H. Grubesic, M. J. Kirisits
Summary: This study compares the temporal patterns of viral load in wastewater with the spatial and temporal trends of daily case count in smaller analysis units within Austin, TX. The findings reveal different lag-times between wastewater loading and case reports, with some locations showing a closer correlation between daily reports and viral load trends. These findings are then compared with socio-demographic characteristics across the study area.
SPATIAL AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Gonzalez, Joan Colon, Antoni Sanchez, David Gabriel
Summary: This study conducted a characterization of gaseous emissions in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant in Barcelona to identify the main sources of odour and greenhouse gas emissions. The results can be used to develop mitigation strategies and estimate the environmental impact of wastewater treatment plants.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
David Cubides, Xavier Guimera, Irene Jubany, Xavier Gamisans
Summary: Nitrogen oxides (NOx), including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are important global atmospheric pollutants with adverse impacts on human respiratory health, animals, and the environment. Biotechnologies used for wastewater treatment are being investigated as potential solutions for NOx treatment. This review summarizes the current state of these biotechnologies, discusses different microorganisms, and analyzes the performance of bio-reactors for NOx emission control, providing an overview of technical solutions and challenges.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zainab Ul, Pilar Sanchez-Pena, Mireia Baeza, Mira Sulonen, David Gabriel, Juan Antonio Baeza, Albert Guisasola
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of different anode materials in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) and finds that carbon brush (CB) and high-active-area carbon felt (CF3) electrodes have the best overall performance, allowing for shorter start-up time and improved performance.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
X. Zhou, A. D. Dorado, J. Lafuente, X. Gamisans, D. Gabriel
Summary: In this study, a mathematical model considering multiple pathways of glycerol fermentation combined with sulfate reduction was established and verified. It was found that glycerol fermentation mainly went through oxidative and reductive pathways, producing ethanol and 1,3-propanediol. 1,3-propanediol was converted to 3-hydroxypropionate coupled with sulfate reduction, and 3-hydroxypropionate was further oxidized to acetate.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong-Gui Zhu, Chang-Gui Pan, Feng-Jiao Peng, Chao-Yang Zhou, Jun-Jie Hu, Kefu Yu
Summary: This comprehensive survey investigated the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of parabens and their metabolite 4-HB in a marine food web. Results showed that parabens were the predominant pollutants in marine organisms, with significant bioaccumulation from sediments. The estimated trophic magnification factor indicated biomagnification for MeP and trophic dilution for 4-HB. Overall, the risks for humans consuming marine organisms were found to be low.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Andres F. Torres-Franco, Deborah Leroy-Freitas, Cristina Martinez-Fraile, Elisa Rodriguez, Pedro A. Garcia-Encina, Raul Munoz
Summary: Anaerobic and microalgae-based technologies have emerged as sustainable alternatives for municipal wastewater treatment. However, the presence of viruses in the treated wastewater is a major concern for reuse applications. This study assessed the ability of these technologies to reduce viruses during secondary wastewater treatment. The results showed that all technologies were effective in reducing the concentration of viruses, with microalgae-based treatment exhibiting the highest potential for reducing the disinfection requirements of treated wastewater.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Young Gwang Kim, Sae Yun Kwon, Spencer J. Washburn, Scott C. Brooks, Ji Won Yoon, Lucien Besnard
Summary: The study uses Hg isotope ratios to identify the sources and exposure pathways of mercury in bivalves, finding that dissolved Hg phases in the water column are the primary source and exposure pathway to bivalves. This provides new insights into using bivalves as bioindicators for sediment quality monitoring.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hui Geng, Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dianhai Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Summary: This study investigates the effect of cation exchange resin (CER) on the sequential recovery of hydrogen and methane from anaerobic digestion (AD) and the corresponding mechanisms. The results show that CER can simultaneously enhance the production of hydrogen and methane by promoting the solubilisation, hydrolysis, and acidification of organic matter. Additionally, CER facilitates effective contact between bacteria and organic particulates and reduces the energy barrier for mass transfer during methane production. The study also reveals changes in the microbial community structure and metagenomics during the AD process.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Lin, Zhan Jin, Shunfeng Jiang, Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Ke Bei, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng
Summary: Dehumidification combined with addition of absorbent resin supplement (ARS) was used to achieve rapid evaporation of non-pretreated urine, resulting in high water evaporation efficiency and nutrient recovery.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yangli Che, Chaoran Lin, Shen Li, Jiao Liu, Longhai Zhu, Shilei Yu, Nan Wang, Haoshuai Li, Mutai Bao, Yang Zhou, Tonghao Si, Rui Bao
Summary: Hydrodynamic processes play a crucial role in the transmission of sediments, microbial assembly, and organic carbon redistribution in the ocean. Through experiments and analysis, we found that hydrodynamics shape the assembly of microbial communities and control the redistribution of different sourced organic carbon, thereby influencing microbial-mediated biogeochemical transformation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chao Chen, Yu Yang, Nigel J. D. Graham, Zhenyu Li, Xingtao Yang, Zhining Wang, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Li -an Hou
Summary: The fouling of seawater reverse osmosis membranes is a persistent challenge in desalination. This study monitored the operational performance of a desalination plant for 7 years and the fouling development in different areas of membrane modules. The findings showed that operational performance declined over time and fouling mainly occurred at the feed side of the modules, with the highest microbial diversity. Keystone species like Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes played an important role in maintaining community structure and biofilm maturation. Polysaccharides, soluble microbial products, marine humic acid-like substances, and inorganic substances contributed to fouling. Overall, biofouling had a significant impact on membrane fouling after 7 years of operation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dan Li, Jieyi Sun, Yibo Fu, Wentao Hong, Heli Wang, Qian Yang, Junhong Wu, Sen Yang, Jianhui Xu, Yunfei Zhang, Yirong Deng, Yin Zhong, Ping'an Peng
Summary: Sulfidation-oxidation treatment of magnetite (Fe3O4) enhances the production of dark center dot OH, which can efficiently degrade dissolved organic matter (DOM) and accelerate carbon cycling.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cheng Yu, Kaijun Wang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Ruiyang Liu, Pingping Zheng
Summary: This study implemented a microaerobic-aerobic configuration in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment facility and investigated the effects on sludge characteristics, pollutant removal, microbial community, and granulation mechanisms. The results showed successful transition from flocculent-activated sludge to well-defined AGS after two months of operation. The primary pathways for pollutant removal were simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Moreover, the incorporation of internal separators induced shifts in the flow pattern, which promoted granulation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Zhang, Shaoyang Hu, Guangrong Sun, Wei Wang
Summary: Halogenated aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs), such as halogenated phenols, have garnered widespread attention due to their high toxicity and prevalence. This study reports on the analysis, occurrence, and cytotoxicity of a group of emerging halogenated aromatic DBPs, known as halogenated polyhydroxyphenols (HPPs), in drinking water.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shengyue Chen, Jinliang Huang, Peng Wang, Xi Tang, Zhenyu Zhang
Summary: Accurate prediction of river water quality is crucial for sustainable water management. This study introduces wavelet analysis and transfer learning techniques to assist LSTM modeling, proposing a newly coupled modeling approach that improves short-term prediction of river water quality.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bang Du, Xinmin Zhan, Piet N. L. Lens, Yifeng Zhang, Guangxue Wu
Summary: Efficient anaerobic digestion relies on the cooperation of different microorganisms with different metabolic pathways. This study investigated the effects of different operational modes and the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on ethanol metabolic pathways. The results showed that the SBR mode and the presence of CO2 facilitated ethanol metabolism towards propionate production, while the CFR mode with extended solids retention time enriched Geobacter. Adjusting operational modes and PAC addition can modulate anaerobic ethanol metabolism and enrich Geobacter.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wanfa Wang, Si-Liang Li, Jun Zhong, Yuanbi Yi, Fujun Yue, Zenglei Han, Qixin Wu, Ding He, Cong-Qiang Liu
Summary: This study compares the carbon biogeochemical processes in karst and non-karst regions within large thermal stratified river-reservoir systems. The results demonstrate that karst reservoirs have a reduced potential for carbon emissions and highlight the importance of considering geologic settings to improve accuracy in regional and global CO2 emission estimates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chunxia Jiang, Zelong Zhao, Dong Zhu, Xiong Pan, Yuyi Yang
Summary: This study analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environmental media of the Yangtze River using metagenomics. Core resistome dominated by multidrug resistance genes was found in all samples, while rare resistome dominated by various resistance genes was more prevalent in plasmids. Specific bacteria were identified as hosts for both core and rare resistomes, with high clinical concern ARGs found in the rare resistome. Particle-associated environment provided the most ideal conditions for resistome hosts. This study provided insights into the genetic locations of ARGs and the community assembly mechanisms of ARG hosts in freshwater environments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yu Zhang, Yongtao He, Linchun Jia, Lei Xu, Zheng Wang, Yueling He, Ling Xiong, Xumeng Lin, Hong Chen, Gang Xue
Summary: By synergizing organic carbon source, thiosulfate, and zero-valent iron, efficient mixotrophic denitrification of oligotrophic secondary effluent can be achieved. Thiosulfate plays a vital role in promoting TN removal efficiency, while corrosion of Fe0 releases OH- to neutralize H+ from thiosulfate-driven denitrification, creating a suitable environment for denitrification. The coordination of thiosulfate and Fe0 maintains the dominance of Thiobacillus for denitrification.