期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 42, 期 20, 页码 5011-5021出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.012
关键词
Drinking water disinfection; Biofilm; Bacillus spores; Potable water; Chlorine; Monochloramine
资金
- National Homeland Security Research Center, EPA
- Mr. Vincente Gallardo
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- National Research Council (NRC)
The objective of this work was to elucidate the disinfectant susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (BA) and a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spores associated with a simulated drinking water system. Biofilms composed of indigenous water system bacteria were accumulated on copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe material surfaces in a low-flow pipe loop and uniformly mixed tank reactor (CDC biofilm reactor). Application of a distributed shear during spore contact resulted in approximately a 1.0 and 1.6 log(10) increase in the number of spores associated with copper and PVC surfaces, respectively. Decontamination of spores in both free suspension and after association with biofilm-conditioned pipe materials was attempted using free chlorine and monochloramine. Associated spores required 5- to 10-fold higher disinfectant concentrations to observe the same reduction of viable spores as in suspension. High disinfectant concentrations (103 mg/L free chlorine and 49 mg/L monochloramine) yielded less than a 2-log(10) reduction in viable associated spores after 60 min. Spores associated with biofilms on copper surfaces consistently yielded higher Ct values than PVC. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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