Review
Neurosciences
Ananth Prasad Burada, Rajesh Vinnakota, Bertrand Lambolez, Ludovic Tricoire, Janesh Kumar
Summary: Enigmatic orphan glutamate delta receptors (GluD) are a type of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that do not bind glutamate or evoke currents when binding glycine and D-serine. They are believed to function as structural proteins that facilitate synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Recent research suggests that GluD receptors have interactions with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) and are gated by their activation, with new tools and structures helping to define their role in synaptic physiology.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ananth Prasad Burada, Rajesh Vinnakota, Pratibha Bharti, Priyanka Dutta, Neelima Dubey, Janesh Kumar
Summary: GluD receptors are a subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play a crucial role in synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance of central nervous system functions. Despite the lack of knowledge about their endogenous ligands, significant discoveries have been made regarding their role in mediating trans-synaptic interactions and their unique non-swapped architecture. Additionally, the prospect of GluD ionotropic activity being regulated by direct interaction with metabotropic glutamate receptors is exciting.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Prachi Ojha, Subhajit Pal, Samarjit Bhattacharyya
Summary: Norbin protein plays a critical role in the internalization process of Group I mGluRs and may be associated with mGluR-mediated synaptic plasticity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ulrike Gruenert, Sammy C. S. Lee, William C. Kwan, Inaki-Carril Mundinano, James A. Bourne, Paul R. Martin
Summary: The study identified the retinal ganglion cell types projecting to the medial subdivision of inferior pulvinar and superior colliculus in marmoset monkeys. Results showed that both PIm and SC receive input from various ganglion cell types, with different dominant cell types in each area.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qingpeng Yu, Hang Fu, Gang Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Biao Yan
Summary: The study found that visual experience can potentiate spontaneous activity in mouse superior colliculus neurons, with feature selectivity for direction and orientation. By stimulating retinal ganglion cells or optogenetically activating parvalbumin neurons, this potentiation can be attenuated or blocked.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmine D. S. Reggiani, Qiufen Jiang, Melanie Barbini, Andrew Lutas, Liang Liang, Jesseba Fernando, Fei Deng, Jinxia Wan, Yulong Li, Chinfei Chen, Mark L. Andermann
Summary: Using optogenetic stimulation, this study found that serotonin axon stimulation in the primary visual thalamus selectively suppressed retinal ganglion cell boutons that respond to global luminance changes, possibly through the differential expression of the 5-HT1B receptor.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Zhuan Shen, Honghui Zhang, Lin Du, Xiaoyan He, Xiaojuan Sun
Summary: This paper establishes a coupling model of neuronal populations and astrocytes and explores the mechanism of EEG slowing in Alzheimer's disease. The results show that dysfunctional astrocytes disrupt the physiological state and cause EEG slowing phenomena.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna Bodzeta, Nicky Scheefhals, Harold D. MacGillavry
Summary: The various functions of glutamate in the brain are mediated by ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, which modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. mGluRs play roles at both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, acting as essential signal integrators that couple mechanisms of transmission and plasticity.
Article
Neurosciences
G. Martella, P. Bonsi, P. Imbriani, G. Sciamanna, H. Nguyen, L. Yu-Taeger, M. Schneider, S. M. Poli, R. Lutjens, A. Pisani
Summary: Impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity is a unique endophenotype of certain forms of dystonia. Broad-spectrum antimuscarinic drugs and negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes may be potential therapeutic options for dystonia treatment. The findings suggest common signaling pathway dysfunction among distinct dystonia genes and indicate the potential of dipraglurant as a novel therapeutic agent for this debilitating disorder.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vanessa Pereira, Juri Aparicio Arias, Amadeu Llebaria, Cyril Goudet
Summary: Neuropathic pain is a challenging condition to manage. In this study, the role of the amygdala in regulating neuropathic pain was investigated. The activation of mGlu4 receptors in the amygdala was found to alleviate sensory and depressive-like symptoms in a mouse model of neuropathy.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Jo, Sercan Deniz, Jian Xu, Robert M. Duvoisin, Steven H. Devries, Yongling Zhu
Summary: In this study, the authors identify a sign-inverting amacrine cell with an inhibitory ON center - excitatory OFF surround receptive field.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Alberto Castillo, Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yanez, David Agustin Leon-Navarro, Jose Luis Albasanz, Mairena Martin
Summary: The amyloid beta peptide plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Exposure to A beta(25-35) in rat cortical neurons increased mGluR density and affinity, along with up-regulation of adenosine A(1)R and A(2A)R. The study highlights the possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate and adenosine receptors in the early events of AD physiopathology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xixi Wei, Chenlu Zhao, Xinyun Jia, Baosheng Zhao, Yuzhen Liu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the expression and localization of mGluR2/3 in rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) tissue, and the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the level of mGluR2/3. The results showed that mGluR2/3 mRNA was expressed in rat SCG, with mGluR2 primarily distributed in principal neurons and small intensely fluorescent cells, and mGluR3 detected in nerve fibers. CIH exposure reduced the protein level of mGluR2/3 in rat SCG.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Telias, Kevin K. Sit, Daniel Frozenfar, Benjamin Smith, Arjit Misra, Michael J. Goard, Richard H. Kramer
Summary: Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). However, downstream neurons survive and undergo physiological changes. Retinoic acid (RA) is identified as the molecular trigger for hyperactivity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Inhibiting RA synthesis with disulfiram improves visual perception in vision-impaired mice.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Alexandra Spirkova, Veronika Kovarikova, Zuzana Sefcikova, Jozef Pisko, Martina Ksinanova, Juraj Koppel, Dusan Fabian, Stefan Cikos
Summary: The study reveals that glutamic acid can affect preimplantation embryo development through cell membrane receptors. High extracellular concentrations of glutamic acid can inhibit blastocyst development, which is of practical significance.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sophie Lemmens, Luca Rossetti, Francesco Oddone, Gordana Sunaric-Megevand, Anton Hommer, Evelien Vandewalle, Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Andrew McNaught, Giovanni Montesano, Ingeborg Stalmans
Summary: This study showed that bimatoprost significantly reduced intraocular pressure compared to tafluprost with minimal difference in side effects. The findings are important for considering the pros and cons of preserved versus preservative-free prostaglandin analogue therapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Daniel Hill, Radhika Patel, Paolo Corazza, John Maddison, Saad Younis
Summary: DARC is a retinal imaging technology that uses ANX776 to identify stressed and apoptotic cells. It has the potential to be used as a biomarker, but further large-scale studies are needed to validate its diagnostic value.
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Li Guo, Vy Luong, Aaron Gregson, David Baker, David Selwood, M. Francesca Cordeiro
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Yue Wu, Maja Szymanska, Yubing Hu, M. Ihsan Fazal, Nan Jiang, Ali K. Yetisen, M. Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, emphasizing the importance of early detection and diagnosis. Early detection of glaucoma can prevent deterioration of vision and quality of life.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Soyoung Choi, Daniel Hill, Li Guo, Richard Nicholas, Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Maria Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: A machine learning approach was developed to automatically classify images of retinal microglial cells. The study found that the morphology and density of microglia undergo significant changes in health, senescence, and disease, suggesting their dynamic role in the ageing process.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Li Guo, Soyoung Choi, Priyanka Bikkannavar, M. Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: Microglia, as resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in maintaining the normal function of the retina and brain. They can be activated to protect neurons and tissue integrity, but their functions and phagocytic capacity may decline with aging, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Stefano Gandolfi, Konstantin Gugleta, Eduardo M. Normando, Francesco Oddone
Summary: Glaucoma is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs), introduced 25 years ago, have become the first-choice treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma due to their efficacy, limited side effects, and once daily dosing. However, they are associated with mild to moderate ocular and periocular adverse events.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Barbara Burgos-Blasco, Beatriz Vidal-Villegas, Timothy E. Yap, Eduardo M. Normando, Sally Ameen, Laura Crawley, Faisal Ahmed, Philip A. Bloom, M. Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the triage system on the glaucomatous disease of patients in a London tertiary hospital. A total of 200 glaucoma patients with delayed appointments were included in this observational retrospective study. The results showed that the delayed care had a negative impact on the glaucomatous disease of patients, resulting in a third of the patients needing to change their treatment or undergo surgery.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Wei Wei, Rajeevan Anantharanjit, Radhika Pooja Patel, Maria Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. The permanent loss of the RPE and overlying photoreceptors characterizes macular atrophy (MA) in both dry and wet forms of AMD. Artificial Intelligence (AI) combined with ophthalmic imaging modalities, particularly OCT, has shown great promise in the early detection of MA.
EXPERT REVIEW OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Wei, Joshua Southern, Kexuan Zhu, Yefeng Li, Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Kirill Veselkov
Summary: In this study, a deep learning method using optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis was developed to automatically detect and quantify six main clinically relevant atrophic features associated with macular atrophy (MA) in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The method achieved high accuracy and sensitivity in predicting these features, making it valuable for early diagnosis and identification of MA progression in wet AMD patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ian James Callum MacCormick, Bo Zhang, Daniel Hill, Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Dylan S. S. Small
Summary: This study proposes a theoretical framework for retinal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on Bayesian network analysis. It highlights the importance of recognizing inferential assumptions and provides a visual approach to assess the relationship between retinal and brain changes. The framework can help improve the discovery and validation of biomarkers for AD.
ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Timothy Edward Yap, Benjamin Davis, Philip Bloom, Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Eduardo Normando
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
John Maddison, Soyoung Choi, M. Francesca Cordeiro
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yue Wu, Yubing Hu, Nan Jiang, Rajeevan Anantharanjit, Ali K. Yetisen, M. Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, requires accurate and timely diagnosis. This study developed a portable glaucoma detection method based on lateral flow assay to measure BDNF concentration in tears. The method showed high selectivity and stability and can be used for on-site testing.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Loay Rahman, Ammaarah Hafejee, Rajeevan Anantharanjit, Wei Wei, Maria Francesca Cordeiro
Summary: Precision medicine is the future of ophthalmology, offering improved diagnosis and treatment through the application of technology. Artificial intelligence and deep learning are key tools in advancing precision medicine in ocular diseases. Challenges include optimizing training sets for algorithms and further developing pharmacogenetics.
EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT
(2022)