Article
Biology
Prerna Srivastava, Geoff de Rosenroll, Akihiro Matsumoto, Tracy Michaels, Zachary Turple, Varsha Jain, Santhosh Sethuramanujam, Benjamin L. Murphy-Baum, Keisuke Yonehara, Gautam Bhagwan Awatramani
Summary: In this study, the input kinetics across individual starburst dendrites were directly measured using a two-photon glutamate sensor. The study found that signals from proximal dendrites were relatively sustained, mainly influenced by excitatory network interactions. Computational modeling demonstrated the importance of input kinetics in shaping direction selectivity. These results provide support for the "space-time wiring" model.
Article
Neurosciences
Pablo S. Villar, Ruilong Hu, Ricardo C. Araneda
Summary: This study reveals that GABAergic inputs from the basal forebrain play a crucial role in modulating local circuitry and influencing the activity of mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. These inputs lead to rapid disinhibition of mitral/tufted cells, impacting their response precision to stimuli and local oscillations in a layer-specific manner.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Toshifumi Nakao, Shinichi Banba
Summary: The research demonstrates the differential antagonist activities of meta-diamides on insect and human receptors by studying the effects of equivalent mutations in human GABA receptors. This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of selectivity of meta-diamides between insect RDL and human GABA and glycine receptors.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher L. Cioffi
Summary: The dysfunction of glycinergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn contributes to pathological pain, and enhancing this neurotransmission is proposed as a potential novel analgesic approach. Inhibitors of glycine transporters, especially GlyT1 and GlyT2, show promise as a new class of analgesics with broad efficacy in preclinical pain models. The development of GlyT inhibitors into safe and effective pain treatments presents key challenges but offers potential as a non-opioid analgesic with a differentiated mechanism of action.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine Garcia Bierhals, Alison Howard, Barry H. Hirst
Summary: The study reveals that GLYT1 is essential for maintaining high proliferation rates in rapidly proliferating cancer cells, while its impact on slowly proliferating tumor cells is minimal. Inhibiting GLYT1 with ALX-5407 leads to a significant reduction in viable cells in rapidly proliferating cell lines. These findings suggest GLYT1 could be a potential target for novel therapeutic approaches.
Article
Neurosciences
Hajime Hirasawa, Naofumi Miwa, Shu-Ichi Watanabe
Summary: The study investigated the contribution of inhibitory circuits to ON- and OFF-responses (b- and d-waves) in the full-field ERG of newt retina. Results indicated that different synaptic transmission blockers affected the amplitudes of the b- and d-waves, revealing a circuitry mechanism for the regulation of the d-wave and offering insight into the underlying mechanisms of ERG formation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe, Shiori Kobayashi, Jeongtae Kim, Yoshinori Kosaka, Masanobu Sunagawa, Akihito Okabe, Chitoshi Takayama
Summary: This study describes the transmission of GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmitters and inhibitory networks in the mature mouse spinal cord. The research also provides insights into the developmental formation of these networks, including neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, maturation of removal systems, and changes in their function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Qianru Chen, Xianxian Wang, Xiaolong Yuan, John Shi, Chengsheng Zhang, Ning Yan, Changliang Jing
Summary: The study revealed that wild soybean (WS) has higher levels of flavonoids and phenolic compounds compared to cultivated soybean (CS), showing better antioxidant and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities. Metabolomic analysis identified 642 metabolites, with 238 showing differential expression, including upregulated flavonoids in WS. This information provides insights for the effective utilization of these two soybean species.
Article
Cell Biology
Sina Hafizi, Tarek K. Rajji
Summary: This review proposes a conceptual model that links 12 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia with Excitation-Inhibition (E -I) imbalance. The model aims to address the current knowledge gap and provides a framework for future studies in dementia prevention, discovery of new biomarkers, and development of new interventions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sihwan Seol, Joonhong Kwon, Hyo Jung Kang
Summary: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and is associated with an increased risk of brain-related dysfunctions. A meta-data analysis of the DS brain transcriptome revealed upregulated genes in astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells, while downregulated genes were observed in neurons and oligodendrocytes. Cell type-enriched co-expressed gene modules were identified, including representatives from neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying brain abnormalities in DS and related disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wendiao Zhang, Ming Zhang, Zhenhong Xu, Hongye Yan, Huimin Wang, Jiamei Jiang, Juan Wan, Beisha Tang, Chunyu Liu, Chao Chen, Qingtuan Meng
Summary: This study utilized transcriptome-wide association studies and multi-omics analyses to identify the role of PCCB gene in schizophrenia risk through regulating GABAergic pathways.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Pablo Beltran-Matas, Aurea Castilho, Barbora Tencer, Margaret L. Veruki, Espen Hartveit
Summary: This study investigated the biophysical and pharmacological properties of GABAergic inhibitory currents and GABA(A) receptors in A17 amacrine cells in rat retinal slices. The results demonstrate the presence of synaptic GABA(A) receptors on A17s, which may play an important role in signal integration in these cells.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuofeng Ding, Xiaoshen Liang, Jian Wang, Zongbin Song, Qulian Guo, Michael K. E. Schafer, Changsheng Huang
Summary: This study investigated the role of spinal interneuron death in bone cancer pain (BCP) and found that pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis can alleviate BCP. The inhibition of ferroptosis reduces iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and improves the treatment outcomes of BCP.
Article
Neurosciences
Tsuyoshi Noguchi, Shiro Nakamura, Kiyomi Nakayama, Ayako Mochizuki, Masanori Dantsuji, Yoshiaki Ihara, Koji Takahashi, Tomio Inoue
Summary: This study investigated the developmental changes in inhibitory synaptic inputs in jaw-closing and jaw-opening motoneurons (MNs). The results showed that glycinergic synaptic inputs increased with age, while the rise time and decay time decreased during development. In contrast, the frequency of GABAergic inputs in jaw-closing MNs was higher in early development but decreased with age, while it remained unchanged in jaw-opening MNs throughout the postnatal period. These distinct developmental characteristics may contribute to the development of feeding behaviors.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Taimoor H. Qazi, Michael R. Blatchley, Matthew D. Davidson, F. Max Yavitt, Megan E. Cooke, Kristi S. Anseth, Jason A. Burdick
Summary: This article provides an overview of recent advances in the programming of synthetic hydrogels, which offer precise control over the spatiotemporal properties within cellular microenvironments. It highlights the importance of understanding complex biological processes.