Article
Psychology, Experimental
Annabelle Walle, Michel D. Druey, Ronald Huebner
Summary: In three experiments, the role of response conflicts and spatial uncertainty in the occurrence of value-driven attentional capture (VDAC) was investigated. The study found that value-driven effects were observed when the location of the value-associated target was unpredictable and a response conflict was present. However, introducing a response conflict during the learning of color-value association seemed to prevent attentional distraction in a subsequent test. This study provides new insights into the boundary conditions of value association learning and cognitive control learning.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Haena Kim, Namrata Nanavaty, Humza Ahmed, Vani A. Mathur, Brian A. Anderson
Summary: Rewarding and aversive outcomes have opposing effects on behavior, facilitating approach and avoidance. Attention is biased towards stimuli that have been learned to predict these outcomes. Studies overwhelmingly support the idea that attention is controlled by motivational salience.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shawn M. Willett, J. Patrick Mayo
Summary: Reliable and noninvasive biomarkers are important for neurological diagnoses. Microsaccades, small eye movements, have been proposed as a biomarker for attention, but their direction may not accurately reflect covert spatial attention in complex viewing conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Psychology
A. E. Milner, M. H. MacLean, B. Giesbrecht
Summary: Visual features associated with reward can capture attention even when irrelevant to the task, this is known as value-driven attention capture (VDAC). VDAC was found to persist without reinforcement and could be eliminated through extinction. Manipulation of factors in five experiments revealed that the presence or absence of VDAC depended on task relevance of the rewarded feature. VDAC was only observed when the rewarded feature remained task-relevant and extinction was also observed.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew D. Bachman, Madison N. Hunter, Scott A. Huettel, Marty G. Woldorff
Summary: The study found that although reward-associated distractors transiently disrupt sustained spatial attention, the magnitude of their reward associations does not affect the extent of distraction. This suggests an important boundary condition for value-driven attentional capture.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Andy J. Kim, David S. Lee, Brian A. Anderson
Summary: The study found that learned reward cues can lead to attention bias towards high-value stimuli in the auditory domain, interfering with goal-directed auditory processing.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Elvio Blini, Marco Zorzi
Summary: This study investigated the markers of attentional priority in smokers using eye-tracking measures and found that changes in pupil size to nicotine-related visual stimuli could reliably predict the smoking status of young smokers better than more traditional proxy measures. The study also found that pupil size was more sensitive at lower nicotine dependence levels and increased abstinence time.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Erica D. Musser, Stephanie S. J. Morris, Kathleen Feeney, Rosario Pintos Lobo, Edward F. Ester
Summary: Inattention is a key symptom of ADHD, but the mechanisms underlying it are unclear. More specific approaches are needed to link disruptions in cognitive performance with ADHD behaviors. A pilot study found that even typically developing children did not maximally extract and combine information to maximize rewards in a cognitive task targeting attention selection mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Matteo De Tommaso, Massimo Turatto
Summary: Events in life can be perceived to be under our own control or independent from our will, known as internal vs external locus-of-control. This study investigated whether the control over reward gain can influence attentional salience of reward cues. Experiment 1 showed that stimuli associated with internal control gained attentional salience. However, Experiment 2 revealed that internal control alone is not enough to confer attentional salience to reward cues. Additionally, Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 and excluded alternative explanations. The findings suggest that reward-cue attentional salience is influenced by both reward value and control over reward gain.
MOTIVATION AND EMOTION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuxiao Zhang, Yan Chen, Yushi Xin, Beibei Peng, Shuai Liu
Summary: Reward learning is crucial for survival and attention plays a key role in the recognition of reward cues and formation of reward memories. However, the neurological processes of the interaction between reward and attention are not well understood due to the diverse neural substrates involved in these processes.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Wen Xiao, Xiaoqi Zheng, Yuejia Luo, Jiaxin Peng
Summary: This study examined the effects of reward associative learning and the traditional threat-avoidance ABM paradigm on anxiety and attentional bias. The results showed that reward training reduced both general anxiety and attentional bias, while traditional ABM training only reduced anxiety when combined with reward training.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sai Sun, Chuhua Cai, Rongjun Yu
Summary: When individuals make value-based decisions, expected rewards play a major role in determining response times. Risk, on the other hand, affects attention deployment and is dependent on the magnitude of potential rewards and the level of risk. The processing of mean rewards activates the striatum, which is connected to the amygdala and superior frontal gyrus, while risk processing activates the anterior insula, which is connected to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior midcingulate cortex. These findings provide insights into how attention, motivation, and brain networks are modulated by reward and risk in non-decision contexts.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daniel Pearson, Meihui Piao, Mike E. Le Pelley
Summary: Attentional prioritisation plays a crucial role in stimulus selection, and the magnitude of paired rewards influences this prioritisation. Additionally, win-related sensory cues can bias overt choices. This study demonstrates that stimuli paired with win-related sensory cues are prioritised by the attention system and influence overt choices, with potential implications for gambling contexts.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minmin Yan, Zong Meng, Na Hu, Antao Chen
Summary: The current study suggests that positive rewards can enhance attentional capture and delay attentional disengagement in healthy individuals.
Review
Neurosciences
Christian Wolf, Markus Lappe
Summary: Humans and other primates have a foveated visual system that reorients the fovea to objects of interest through saccadic eye movements. The control of saccadic eye movements is influenced by higher-level cognitive processes, impacting neural oculomotor circuits and cognitive mechanisms revealed through saccade parameters. This control system serves to quickly and accurately provide foveal vision of relevant targets in the visual field.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Changrun Huang, Jan Theeuwes, Mieke Donk
Summary: The study found that the statistical regularity of the distractor location affects visual selection early on, modulating the time courses associated with both salience-driven and goal-driven selection. These results suggest that statistical learning induces a continuous bias in visual selection beyond salience-driven and goal-driven control.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jonathan van Leeuwen, Artem Belopolsky
Summary: The oculomotor system quickly updates to adjust for retinal displacements during saccades, with the ability to rapidly adapt based on recently learned sensorimotor contingencies.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kiki Arkesteijn, Mieke Donk, Artem Belopolsky, Jeroen B. J. Smeets
Summary: The processes underlying target selection for hand movements may operate independently from those for eye movements. Contrary to eye movements, the presence of distractors does not lead to a bias effect in hand movements.
Article
Psychology
Jasper de Waard, Louisa Bogaerts, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: The study reveals that participants learned to suppress high-probability distractor locations even without conscious awareness of the spatial regularities. However, the suppression effects were found to be independent of context, showing a de-prioritization of high-probability locations that remained consistent regardless of the context.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Changrun Huang, Mieke Donk, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: This study investigated the impact of simultaneous statistical learning of target and distractor regularities on attentional selection. The results showed that observers are able to learn the regularities present in the search display and optimize their selection priorities accordingly.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Psychology
Ai-Su Li, Louisa Bogaerts, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: The study investigates implicit learning across trials, showing that participants are unable to learn across-trial statistical regularities during slow and serial search due to excessive noise. However, when conditions are created to reduce noise and facilitate learning, the target-association biases learned during feature search persist even when there is much noise during serial search.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Jan Theeuwes, Louisa Bogaerts, Dirk van Moorselaar
Summary: Through visual statistical learning, attentional priority settings can optimally adjust to regularities in the environment, without intention and conscious awareness.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Wolf, Artem Belopolsky, Markus Lappe
Summary: The research found that foveal inspection and peripheral selection are dependent on each other, and peripheral information can be maintained across eye movements to influence subsequent eye movement decisions.
Article
Psychology
Changrun Huang, Mieke Donk, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: Recent studies have shown that observers can learn to suppress a location that is most likely to contain a distractor. This study investigates whether the statistically learned suppression is implemented before, at, or after the expected display onset. The results provide evidence that statistical learning affects the attentional distribution in space, with proactive implementation of spatial suppression prior to display onset.
ATTENTION PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dock H. Duncan, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: Past experiences can influence attentional priority, and this study shows that these biases can be visualized through neural responses. Recent work has emphasized the role of past experiences on spatial priority, but little is known about the neural substrates of history-mediated attentional priority. Using a task that induces statistical learning, the authors demonstrate that this latent attentional priority map can be visualized using a 'pinging' technique in conjunction with multivariate pattern analyses during the intertrial period.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasper de Waard, Dirk van Moorselaar, Louisa Bogaerts, Jan Theeuwes
Summary: This study demonstrates that humans can learn to suppress distractors in visual areas through statistical learning. Unlike previous studies, this research manipulated task context to study context-dependent learning. Participants were able to suppress distractor locations in a context-dependent manner, but suppression from previous task contexts persisted unless a new high-probability location was introduced.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Experimental
Jan Theeuwes
Summary: "Self-explaining roads" is a novel concept in road design that emphasizes designing roads in a way that users can immediately understand how to navigate and anticipate road conditions. This notion is firmly grounded in the theoretical framework of statistical learning, subjective road categorization, and associated expectations. The paper discusses successful implementations and recent developments globally.
COGNITIVE RESEARCH-PRINCIPLES AND IMPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Changrun Huang, Ana Vilotijevic, Jan Theeuwes, Mieke Donk
Summary: The study explored whether distractors presented more frequently at one location are subject to proactive spatial suppression. The results indicate that through statistical learning, locations likely to contain distractors are proactively suppressed.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Artem V. Belopolsky
ETRA 2020 SHORT PAPERS: ACM SYMPOSIUM ON EYE TRACKING RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Educational
E. Sabrina Twilhaar, Artem V. Belopolsky, Jorrit F. de Kieviet, Ruurd M. van Elburg, Jaap Oosterlaan
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan P. Silk, Hanagh R. Winter, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Carmella Evans -Molina, Alan W. Stitt, Vijay K. Tiwari, David A. Simpson, Eleni Beli
Summary: This study investigates whether diabetes affects the daily rhythm of gene expression in the retina. The results show that diabetic mice exhibited phase advancement in the expression of certain genes compared to non-diabetic mice. The study also identified oxygen-sensing mechanisms and HIF1alpha as potential upstream regulators. These findings provide important insights into the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Neurosciences
Krishnamachari S. Prahalad, Daniel R. Coates
Summary: Visual stimuli presented around the time of a saccade can be perceived differently by the visual system, including a reduction in the harmful impact of flankers. This study investigated the effects of microsaccades on crowded stimuli placed 20 arc minutes from the center of gaze. The findings suggest two separate pre-saccadic benefits, one that regularizes the crowding zone and another that specifically benefits microsaccade targets surrounded by tangential flankers.
Article
Neurosciences
Chandrika Ravisankar, Christopher W. Tyler, Clifton M. Schor, Shrikant R. Bharadwaj
Summary: This study revealed that less than one-third of adults with normal binocular vision were able to successfully free-fuse random-dot image pairs and identify the embedded stereoscopic shapes. The successful participants showed a dissociation of vergence and accommodative responses, while the unsuccessful ones either exhibited strong vergence and accommodation or weak vergence and strong accommodation. Task performance of the unsuccessful cluster improved significantly with pharmacological paralysis of accommodation. A minority of participants also learned to dissociate one direction of their vergence and accommodation crosslinks with repeated free-fusion trials, optimizing their task performance.
