Review
Virology
Caroline Fernandes-Santos, Elzinandes Leal de Azeredo
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus, with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In the innate antiviral response, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in pathogen recognition and the production of inflammatory cytokines and interferons essential for preventing viral replication.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shu-Wen Wan, Ying-Ray Lee, Tzong-Shiann Ho, Chih-Peng Chang
Summary: Autophagy plays a dual role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and antiviral immunity, with dengue virus manipulating autophagy to evade host immunity and promote replication. Additionally, autophagy is essential for transporting viral components to interferon-mediated pathways for viral elimination.
Review
Immunology
Michelle Felicia Lee, Guan Zhong Voon, Hui Xuan Lim, Mun Lok Chua, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that poses significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. The dengue virus has evolved various strategies to manipulate the host's immune responses, and miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for anti-dengue therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Cong Xu, Jieqing Fan, Danyang Liu, Aimaier Tuerdi, Juanjuan Chen, Yuning Wei, Yanfang Pan, Huaixin Dang, Xiong Wei, Ashraf Siddig Yousif, Jeysen Yogaratnam, Qiong Zhou, Henri Lichenstein, Tian Xu
Summary: The study demonstrates that DF-006 exhibits antiviral efficacy against HBV in mouse and PHH models without overt toxicity. In mice, DF-006 primarily targets the liver and activates innate immunity to mediate its anti-HBV effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanwei Zhang, Xiaojuan Chi, Jingyun Hu, Shulin Wang, Senhong Zhao, Yanan Mao, Benqun Peng, Jilong Chen, Song Wang
Summary: Studies have shown that the long noncoding RNA LINC02574 is induced by influenza A virus (IAV) infection and plays a crucial role in inhibiting IAV replication. The expression of LINC02574 is stimulated by viral genomic RNA, poly (I:C), or interferons (IFNs) through the RIG-I-dependent interferon signaling pathway. Knockdown of LINC02574 impairs the expression of type I and type III IFNs, multiple ISGs, and the activation of STAT1 triggered by IAV infection, indicating that LINC02574 positively regulates the innate immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yuhan Zhong, Xiao Zhong, Liangjun Qiao, Hong Wu, Chang Liu, Ting Zhang
Summary: The Z alpha domain is a compact α/β structure that specifically binds to nucleic acids with a left-handed helical conformation. It has been identified in several proteins, including ADAR1 and ZBP1, which play important roles in immune response regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahisa Kouwaki, Tasuku Nishimura, Guanming Wang, Reiko Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Oshiumi
Summary: Post-translational modification of LGP2 fine-tunes antiviral innate immune responses by promoting late-phase expression of type I interferons, while attenuating other antiviral proteins.
Article
Virology
Shikha Srivastava, Nidhi Chaudhary, Chetna Dhembla, Monica Sundd, Sunny Gupta, Ashok Kumar Patel
Summary: Dengue infection is a global public health threat with no specific antiviral or vaccine available. Recent evidence suggests that targeting host STAT3 could be an effective antiviral therapy. This study explores the potential of STAT3 inhibition as an antiviral strategy against dengue infection.
Article
Virology
Lorena Salgueiro, Susann Kummer, Vera Sonntag-Buck, Anne Weiss, Marc A. Schneider, Hans-Georg Kraeusslich, Rocio Sotillo
Summary: This study shows that lung organoids derived from human primary or lung tumor tissue can model diseases and enable drug screenings.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sai Pallavi Pradeep, Pooja Hoovina Venkatesh, Nageswar R. R. Manchala, Arjun Vayal Veedu, Rajani K. K. Basavaraju, Leela Selvasundari, Manikanta Ramakrishna, Yogitha Chandrakiran, Vishwanath Krishnamurthy, Shivaranjani Holigi, Tinku Thomas, Cecil R. R. Ross, Mary Dias, Vijaya Satchidanandam
Summary: The study found that dengue patients secrete various cytokines during the acute phase, which are closely related to disease severity. The results suggested that faulty/delayed kinetics of innate immune activation and downregulation may impact the risk of disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chen-Yang Liao, Cao-Qi Lei, Hong-Bing Shu
Summary: PCBP1 is an important factor in promoting cGAS activation and binding to viral DNA. Deficiency of PCBP1 can inhibit the innate immune response triggered by cytosolic DNA and DNA viruses.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Eriberto N. Natali, Lmar M. Babrak, Enkelejda Miho
Summary: The Dengue virus poses a serious threat as the causative agent of Dengue fever, with millions of infection cases each year in over 128 countries. Despite the lack of approved treatment or fully efficacious vaccine, researchers are utilizing high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis tools to understand the complexities of DENV immune response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah-Kim Friedrich, Rosa Schmitz, Michael Bergerhausen, Judith Lang, Vikas Duhan, Cornelia Hardt, Matthias Tenbusch, Marco Prinz, Kenichi Asano, Hilal Bhat, Thamer A. Hamdan, Philipp Alexander Lang, Karl Sebastian Lang
Summary: The replication of Influenza A virus in secondary lymphatic organs leads to innate immune activation, which is dependent on the expression of Sialic acid residues in antigen-presenting cells and the interferon-inhibitor UBP43 (Usp18).
Review
Virology
Yixuan Wang, Wenwei Shao
Summary: Viral vectors play a crucial role in gene therapy, but the innate immune response remains a significant barrier to their clinical development. This review provides insights into the mechanisms of innate immune response induced by three widely used viral vectors and strategies to overcome innate immunity.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alicia X. Y. Ang, Irvan Luhung, Bintou A. Ahidjo, Daniela Drautz-Moses, Paul A. Tambyah, Chee Keng Mok, Kenny J. X. Lau, Sai Meng Tham, Justin Jang Hann Chu, David M. Allen, Stephan C. Schuster
Summary: Reliable methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in crowded venues are crucial for epidemiological surveillance. This study assessed the feasibility of using high-flowrate air samplers for airborne SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in a hospital setting, showing a higher success rate at 150 L/min compared to surface swabs.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Quy Thi Ngoc Tran, Regina Ching Hua Lee, Hon Jin Liu, Danli Ran, Vincent Zhan Lin Low, Dong Quang To, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Christina Li Lin Chai
Summary: This study reports a new class of small-molecule CHIKV inhibitors, oxindole-labdanes, which can effectively block the replication of CHIKV with good selectivity. Compound (E)-42 shows high antiviral activity and minimal cytotoxicity to host cells, demonstrating both prophylactic and therapeutic effects. This finding opens up a new avenue for the development of antiviral drugs against CHIKV infection.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Shefali Banerjee, Chin Wei Xin, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: We need to identify molecular factors that can predict the onset of endothelial dysfunction in dengue patients. Increase in endothelial permeability during severe dengue infections is poorly understood. This study shows that miR-573 regulates endothelial function by reducing endothelial permeability and suppressing the inflammatory response in DENV2-infected endothelial cells, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tasnim Saifudin Zakir, Tao Meng, Lee Ching Pei Carmen, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Raymond Tzer Pin Lin, Mookkan Prabakaran
Summary: A broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 9G8 has been found to show potent neutralization against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, and two mutations within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) have been identified to be involved in the virus's evasion from antibody 9G8.
Review
Virology
Agiesh Kumar Balakrishna Pillai, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Vignesh Mariappan, Aashika Raagavi JeanPierre
Summary: The research on the role of platelets in modulating host immune responses has become increasingly important. Viruses can interact with platelet receptors and modulate immune responses, and understanding the role of platelets in viral pathogenesis could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches. This review presents the molecular aspects of platelet-flavivirus interactions and their impact on platelet activation, thrombocytopenia, and vascular endothelial leakage. Additionally, it examines the role of platelet-derived factors as biomarkers for predicting disease outcomes, using dengue infection as an example.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jie Kai Tan, Ran Chen, Regina Ching Hua Lee, Feng Li, Kun Dai, Guo-Chun Zhou, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: This study identified a novel andrographolide derivative, ZAF-47, as an inhibitor of EV-A71 infection. ZAF-47 acts on post-entry stages of EV-A71 and inhibits protein expression and genome RNA replication. ZAF-47 also exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against other enteroviruses.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yuhui Deborah Fong, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: Zika virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause severe neurological implications and fetal abnormalities, and there are currently no approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines. However, recent research on natural products has shown potential for developing antiviral drugs.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saravanan Gunaseelan, Mohammed Zacky Ariffin, Sanjay Khanna, Mong How Ooi, David Perera, Justin Jang Hann Chu, John Jia En Chua
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naphat Loeanurit, Truong Lam Tuong, Van-Kieu Nguyen, Vipanee Vibulakhaophan, Kowit Hengphasatporn, Yasuteru Shigeta, Si Xian Ho, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Thanyada Rungrotmongkol, Warinthorn Chavasiri, Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
Summary: This study aimed to identify lichen-derived depsides and depsidones as inhibitors of dengue virus. It was found that barbatic acid, diffractaic acid, and Parmosidone C from lichens were effective in inhibiting dengue virus, with diffractaic acid showing the highest selectivity index and similar efficacy against other related viruses.
Article
Virology
Bowen Yi, Benjamin Xuan Zheng Chew, Huixin Chen, Regina Ching Hua Lee, Yuhui Deborah Fong, Wei Xin Chin, Chee Keng Mok, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: Catechin, a natural polyphenol compound, has been evaluated as a potential inhibitor of dengue virus (DENV) infection. It was shown to inhibit a specific stage of the DENV replication cycle and affect viral protein translation. Catechin demonstrated inhibitory effects on all four DENV serotypes and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), suggesting its potential as a starting scaffold for the development of antivirals against DENV infection.
Retraction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saravanan Gunaseelan, Mohammed Zacky Ariffin, Sanjay Khanna, Mong How Ooi, David Perera, Justin Jang Hann Chu, John Jia En Chua
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chee-Keng Mok, Yan Ling Ng, Bintou Ahmadou Ahidjo, Zhen Qin Aw, Huixin Chen, Yi Hao Wong, Regina Ching Hua Lee, Marcus Wing Choy Loe, Jing Liu, Kai Sen Tan, Parveen Kaur, De Yun Wang, Erwei Hao, Xiaotao Hou, Yong Wah Tan, Jiagang Deng, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges in medicine and healthcare globally. A drug screening process using four compound libraries has identified 121 potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds, with seven shortlisted for further validation. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, exhibits strong antiviral potency against SARS-CoV-2 through modulation of the vitamin D receptor pathway. However, the effects of calcitriol on SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mice were negligible, indicating the need for further investigation using other animal models.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marcus Wing Choy Loe, Regina Ching Hua Lee, Wei-Xin Chin, Nyo Min, Zi Yun Teo, Si Xian Ho, Bowen Yi, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: This study identified chelerythrine chloride as a novel inhibitor of Zika virus infection, capable of disrupting viral replication cycle. Further investigation revealed that the NS4B-S61T mutation confers resistance to this inhibition. This research establishes chelerythrine chloride as a potential therapeutic agent against Zika virus infection.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dorothy Hui Juan Cheong, Thinesshwary Yogarajah, Yi Hao Wong, Gustav Arbrandt, Jacob Westman, Justin Jang Hann Chu
Summary: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common disease that mainly affects young children. This study discovers a broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitor called CUR-N399, which shows therapeutic effects against enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection in mice.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Geraldine Nadya Putri, Chandra Sekhar Gudla, Mayas Singh, Chin Huan Ng, Fakhriedzwan Fitri Haji Idris, Yukei Oo, Jasmine Hwee Yee Tan, Joel Feng Jie Wong, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Vignesh Selvam, Siva Shanmugam Selvaraj, Radha Krishan Shandil, Shridhar Narayanan, Sylvie Alonso
Summary: With the lack of approved antiviral agents to effectively treat Dengue virus (DENV) infection, a study has developed a series of baicalein derivatives with improved antiviral activity. Compound 11064 emerged as a promising lead candidate, exhibiting antiviral activity against DENV and Zika virus in vitro. Mechanistic studies suggest that the compound targets the host rather than a viral protein, indicating its broad-spectrum antiviral potential.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Danah Altakrouni, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Canadian DMV/1639 IBV and found that the autogenous inactivated DMV/1639 vaccine was more effective in reducing viral loads and boosting virus neutralization titers. Both vaccination programs provided significant protection against pathological effects.
Article
Virology
Wanda Christ, Jonas Klingstrom, Janne Tynell
Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering translational arrest and inhibiting stress granule formation. However, the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP are not induced. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants show variant-specific differences in ISR activation, suggesting potential impacts on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
Article
Virology
Xiao Han, Hankun Xu, Yifan Weng, Rong Chen, Jidong Xu, Tong Cao, Renjie Sun, Ying Shan, Fang He, Weihuan Fang, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can inhibit the host innate immunity by decreasing the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CSFV Npro can evade host antiviral immune response through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation.
Article
Virology
Sunjian Lyu, Fulei Xiong, Tianpeng Qi, Weifeng Shen, Qi Guo, Mingming Han, Li Liu, Weishao Bu, Julin Yuan, Bao Lou
Summary: This study identified and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, P05B, which has strong lytic ability and stability across different temperatures and pH values.
Article
Virology
Siyuan Liu, Wei Chen, Raphael Nyaruaba, Shunlong Wang, Cihan Yang, Qun Wu, Ying Liu, Puyu Liu, Fei Wang, Jingling Wang, Zhiming Yuan, Dingwei Sun, Han Xia
Summary: Specific, sensitive, and reliable RT-qPCR assays for the detection of OYAV and EBIV have been successfully developed in this study. These assays hold great promise for their potential application in clinical and field samples in the future.
Article
Virology
Rui Wang, Qiang Sun, Jinbo Xiao, Congcong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Jichen Li, Yang Song, Huanhuan Lu, Ying Liu, Shuangli Zhu, Zhijun Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important agent causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in residue 64 of the virus have been found to increase resistance to ribavirin and decrease sensitivity to guanidine hydrochloride. This mutation also leads to increased replication fidelity and reduced pathogenicity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang
Summary: This study isolated a novel virus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. It was found that vB_VviC_ZQ26 belongs to a new vibriophage-specific family, Coheviridae, and is mainly found in temperate and tropical epipelagic zones.
Article
Virology
Xing Li, Zhiping Ye, Ewan P. Plant
Summary: By analyzing clinical and cultured samples using the same bioinformatic pipeline, it was found that 5' copyback DVGs are prevalent in human clinical samples but not in cultured samples. Furthermore, there are differences in DVG production and composition between in vivo and in vitro infections.
Article
Virology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Suvrotoa Mitra, Animesh Gope, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: Rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and continues to be a severe issue in underdeveloped nations. Recent research has shown that a long non-coding RNA called SLC7A11-AS1 is upregulated during rotavirus infection and plays a role in facilitating the virus's propagation by regulating intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
Article
Virology
Eiichi Hondo, Tetsufumi Katta, Ayato Sato, Naoya Kadofusa, Tomoki Ishibashi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirokazu Katoh, Atsuo Iida
Summary: Bat-borne emerging viruses, such as the Ebola virus and Nipah virus, pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we identified micafungin as a potential antiviral drug against Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) and found that it inhibits viral release in human cells through activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective treatments for future virus pandemics.
Article
Virology
M. Joubert, N. van den Berg, J. Theron, V. Swart
Summary: This study investigated the host gene expression in asymptomatic avocado nursery trees infected with Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) using RNA sequencing. The results showed that 631 genes were differentially expressed during infection, with 63% upregulated. ASBVd infection significantly affected plant defence responses, phytohormone networks, gene expression pathways, secondary metabolism, cellular transport, as well as protein modification and degradation. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions underlying avsunviroid-host interactions.
Article
Virology
Wanling Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Zhengyun Liu, Shengyu Wang, Tianyang Chen, Hong Song, Yunbin Xu, Fajin Li, Guo Luo, Huan Wang
Summary: EV71 infection leads to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in human neuroblastoma cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that may contribute to nervous system dysfunction.
Article
Virology
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Vicente Pallas, Jesus Angel Sanchez- Navarro
Summary: This study reports the construction and validation of an infectious cDNA clone of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) based on an agroinfection system. Agro-injected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed localized lesions similar to the natural infection process. The virus recovered from the infected plant tissue could be mechanically transmitted between plants. The CiLV-C reverse genetic system provides a powerful molecular tool for unraveling the peculiarities of the citrus leprosis pathosystem.
Article
Virology
Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Francisco J. Perez-Rodriguez, Catia Alvarez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Giulia Torriani, Meriem Bekliz, Kenneth Adea, Matthias Lenk, Tasnim Suliman, Wolfgang Preiser, Marcel A. Mueller, Christian Drosten, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has different replication characteristics compared to other variants of concern, being able to efficiently produce infectious virus in nasal cells but not lung cells. In addition, the Delta and Omicron variants showed increased infection efficiency in A549 cells. These findings suggest that the variants of concern have better adaptation to humans but do not have an extended host range.
Article
Virology
Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marieme Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
Summary: Genomic surveillance in Senegal since March 2020 has detected the emergence of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages in June 2022. Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny analysis of isolates from a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal in July 2022 revealed that the BA.4 cases originated from a XAS recombinant, marking the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is crucial.
