Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Junxin Gao, Yu Pan, Yunfei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Lin Zhang, Xi Li, Zhijun Tian, Hongyan Chen, Yue Wang
Summary: This study identified a total of 350 annotated lncRNAs and 1792 novel lncRNAs in PAMs through RNA-seq analysis, with 86 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 406 DE protein-coding mRNAs identified upon PRRSV incubation. GO category and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were mainly involved in inflammation- and pathogen infection-induced pathways. The co-expression analysis demonstrated that several lncRNAs are positively correlated with their predicted target genes, suggesting that porcine lncRNAs play a role in regulating immune responses against PRRSV infection.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Takeya Morozumi, Takato Takenouchi, Emi Wada, Hirohide Uenishi, Yasutaka Nishiyama
Summary: Researchers demonstrated the advantages of porcine immortalized kidney-derived macrophages (IPKMs) for PRRSV research, showing that these cells express PRRSV receptors, thereby increasing virus isolation efficiency and continuous production of progeny viruses throughout sequential passages.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Xingyu Gong, Tianyi Ma, Qiaoya Zhang, Yanhong Wang, Chengchuang Song, Min Lai, Chunlei Zhang, Xingtang Fang, Xi Chen
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major infectious disease in pigs that leads to significant economic losses. This study reveals that PRRSV modulates the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 by upregulating the secretion of CD83 induced by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The inhibition of M1 macrophages and enhancement of M2 macrophages by PRRSV can be counteracted by neutralizing sCD83 or by mutating the sCD83-related amino acid site in PRRSV.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mariana Kikuti, Catalina Picasso-Risso, Claudio Marcello Melini, Cesar A. A. Corzo
Summary: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a major infectious disease in U.S. swine herds, and eliminating the virus poses challenges. Only about 1/6 of breeding herds successfully eliminated PRRS and remained virus-free for an average of two years. After elimination, the average annual outbreak rate was 23%, similar to the national average of 20-25%. Further studies are needed to understand the factors influencing the decision to pursue elimination.
Article
Immunology
Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. Maze, Eleni Vatzia, Veronica Martini, Basudev Paudyal, Matthew D. Edmans, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Nanchaya Wanasen, Surapong Koonpaew, Simon P. Graham, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study indicated that co-infection of PRRSV-2 and swine influenza H3N2 virus weakened the protective effect of PRRS modified live virus vaccine while enhancing antibody responses. In contrast, co-infection in non-immunized animals helped reduce viral load and potentiate T cell responses. The upregulation of inhibitory cytokines gene expression in vaccinated pigs' lungs may have influenced responses to H3N2 and PRRSV-2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Xin-xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Rui Li, Jing Wang, Xuewu Li, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: By studying how PRRSV evades host immune responses, we can understand that the virus establishes long-term infection through various complex mechanisms, which is a major obstacle in controlling PRRS disease. Understanding the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Shi Zhang, Cuilin Chu, Zongsheng Wu, Feng Liu, Jianfeng Xie, Yi Yang, Haibo Qiu
Summary: Accumulated evidence suggests that the macrophage phenotypic switch from M0 to M1 is crucial in the inflammatory process of ARDS. In this study, 36 candidate genes associated with the severity of ARDS were identified, with IFIH1 being highlighted as a key gene for promoting M1 macrophage polarization by activating IRF3. The study also found that IFIH1-IRF3 activation could be induced not only by viral RNAs or RNA mimics, but also by LPS through a MyD88-dependent mechanism, expanding the knowledge on potential targets for ARDS treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Hang Zhang, Zhiyu Yang, Huiyang Sha, Weili Kong, Mengmeng Zhao, Nina Wang
Summary: Research on the GP5 protein is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We provide a summary of its genetic variation, immunity, replication, apoptosis, virulence, and interaction with viral and host proteins, which lays a foundation for understanding PRRSV replication mechanisms and vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Zhichao Xu, Meiyan Huang, Yongbo Xia, Peng Peng, Yun Zhang, Shumei Zheng, Xiaowei Wang, Chunyi Xue, Yongchang Cao
Summary: The study shows that Emodin extracted from Aloe can inhibit the proliferation of PRRSV by targeting all stages of the infection cycle and activating TLR3 to produce antiviral effects.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhiqing Zhang, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Since its isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in the main strain prevalent in China, PRRSV-2. The results showed that NSP1 is a stable hydrophobic protein with high nucleotide and amino acid similarity among different strains. The study lays the foundation for understanding the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and future vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Loic Vivien Bocard, Andrew Robert Kick, Corinne Hug, Heidi Erika Lisa Lischer, Tobias Kaser, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study aimed to understand the nature of innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV, revealing differences in regulation by PRRSV-2 strains and MLV. Different PRRSV strains induced varied immune responses, impacting platelet activation, dendritic cell activity, interferon type I, and plasma cell responses. Correlations of BTMs with T-cell responses showed both positive and negative associations post-infection, indicating complexities in immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hang Zhang, Huiyang Sha, Limei Qin, Nina Wang, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Studying the interactions between PRRSV and host proteins is crucial for understanding host defense against viral infections and the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Dengshuai Zhao, Bo Yang, Xingguo Yuan, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Ting Zhang, Huimei Cui, Jinke Yang, Xuehui Chen, Yu Hao, Haixue Zheng, Keshan Zhang, Xiangtao Liu
Summary: PRRSV is a pathogen prevalent in swine-farming countries worldwide, causing a range of consequences such as persistent infection, secondary infection, and co-infection. The occurrence of coinfections with PRRSV and other pathogens in pigs has made it challenging to define and diagnose PRRSV-related diseases, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mariame Mohamed Ahamada, Yang Jia, Xiaochuan Wu
Summary: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects adults, especially females and non-Caucasian individuals. Despite numerous studies on SLE, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear and there is no specific drug for effective treatment. The involvement of macrophages in the development of SLE is increasingly recognized, suggesting a potential for macrophage-centered therapeutic approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yingxin He, Yajie Zheng, Huiyang Sha, Gan Li, Weili Kong, Jiedan Liao, Mengmeng Zhao
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV). There is no specific drug for its treatment, making vaccination crucial for disease control. Various types of vaccines have been developed, with live vaccines providing better protection, but weak cross protection. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of different types of vaccines for PRRS prevention and control.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hector Arguello, Irene Magdalena Rodriguez-Gomez, Jose Maria Sanchez-Carvajal, Francisco Jose Pallares, Ivan Diaz, Raul Cabrera-Rubio, Fiona Crispie, Paul D. Cotter, Enric Mateu, Gerard Martin-Valls, Librado Carrasco, Jaime Gomez-Laguna
Summary: This study investigated the impact of acute PRRSV infection with different virulent strains on immune parameters and gut microbiota composition in pigs. The results showed that the infection, especially with the more virulent strain, significantly altered the microbiome composition, leading to a decrease in desirable commensals and an association with certain immune markers.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenz Ulrich, Nico Joel Halwe, Adriano Taddeo, Nadine Ebert, Jacob Schoen, Christelle Devisme, Bettina Salome Trueb, Bernd Hoffmann, Manon Wider, Xiaoyu Fan, Meriem Bekliz, Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Marie Luisa Schmidt, Daniela Niemeyer, Victor Max Corman, Anna Kraft, Aurelie Godel, Laura Laloli, Jenna N. Kelly, Brenda M. Calderon, Angele Breithaupt, Claudia Wylezich, Ines Berenguer Veiga, Mitra Gultom, Sarah Osman, Bin Zhou, Kenneth Adea, Benjamin Meyer, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Lisa Thomann, Monika Gsell, Fabien Labroussaa, Joerg Jores, Artur Summerfield, Christian Drosten, Isabella Anne Eckerle, David E. Wentworth, Ronald Dijkman, Donata Hoffmann, Volker Thiel, Martin Beer, Charaf Benarafa
Summary: Experimental assessments of major VOCs show that Alpha and Beta variants have a higher affinity for the human ACE2 receptor compared to the progenitor variant. Competition experiments demonstrate that Alpha has a clear fitness advantage over wt-S-614G in ferrets and mouse models.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. Ruefenacht, S. Schellenberg, S. Borio, A. Summerfield, M. E. Ricklin
Summary: This study found that using oral prednisolone as a monotherapy for four weeks can effectively treat aural hematoma in dogs. The treatment led to at least 80% clinical improvement in most dogs and reduced the ear thickness by at least 50%.
SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FUR TIERHEILKUNDE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carla Palacios-Gorba, Alexandra Moura, Yuval Markovich, Nathalie Tessaud-Rita, Angel Gomez-Martin, Helene Bracq-Dieye, Jesus Gomis, Guillaume Vales, Maria Pastor-Martin, Pierre Thouvenot, Carles Escrig, Alexandre Leclercq, Marc Lecuit, Juan J. Quereda
Summary: Two species of pathogenic Listeria, L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii, can asymptomatically colonize udders and tonsils of ruminants without fecal shedding. Their whole-genome sequences contain known core virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. This study highlights the importance of udders and tonsils as intra-host sites of Listeria colonization.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
J. Flores-Medina, A. Lopez-Navas, L. Martinez-Alarcon, G. Ramis, V Falceto, F. San Roman-Llorens, P. Gutierrez, A. Rios
Summary: Based on a survey of veterinary university students in Spain, it was found that there is a prevalent favorable attitude towards xenotransplantation, with concerns mainly focused on immunologic risks. Evidence-based information campaigns on the risks associated with xenotransplant are recommended to increase awareness among students.
TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Gueliz Tuba Barut, Marco Kreuzer, Remy Bruggmann, Artur Summerfield, Stephanie C. Talker
Summary: Dendritic and monocytic cells work together to initiate and shape adaptive immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. By sequencing mononuclear phagocytes at the single-cell level in mesenteric lymph nodes of cows, researchers identified distinct clusters of dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages with different transcriptomic profiles. They also discovered subsets of highly activated migratory dendritic cells and potential differentiation paths for certain cell types. Additionally, they found sub-clusters of monocytes and macrophages driven by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression signatures. This study provides valuable insight into the functional properties and differentiation trajectories of mononuclear phagocytes in the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Juan Seva, J. Manuel Sanes, Alberto Mas, Guillermo Ramis, Joaquin Sanchez, Ester Parraga-Ros
Summary: This study investigated the coexistence of a bovine herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (PTB) and a population of pigeons. Monitoring and testing methods were used to control and eliminate PTB in the bovine herd. The study also identified pigeons as potential reservoirs of PTB.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jon Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Lisette L. Ramirez, Alba Ortin, Guillermo Ramis, Raquel Romar, Pilar Coy
Summary: More than 90% of animals in pig farms are conceived through artificial insemination (AI), but the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF) is expected to increase in the future. However, there is currently little knowledge about the effects of IVF on animal health, welfare, or food safety. This study compared 16 IVF-derived pigs with 14 pigs derived from AI and found that the IVF animals had lower incidence of lameness, higher weight, and higher hierarchy positions in the herd. Further studies with more animals are needed to draw consistent conclusions about the phenotype of IVF-derived adult pigs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Guillermo Ramis, Francisco Murciano, Juan Orengo, Belen Gonzalez-Guijarro, Amanda Cuellar-Flores, Daniel Serrano, Antonio Munoz Luna, Pedro Sanchez-Uribe, Laura Martinez-Alarcon
Summary: Zinc oxide is widely used to prevent and control post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhoea in piglets, sometimes in combination with oral E. coli vaccines. This study assessed the influence of zinc oxide in piglet feed on immune activation, intestinal integrity, secretory IgA production, and E. coli excretion post-vaccination. The presence of zinc oxide did not significantly affect the immune response or soluble IgA production in orally vaccinated animals.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Laura Martinez-Alarcon, Juan Flores-Medina, Guillermo Ramis, Jaime Gomez-Laguna, Xavier Moll, Victoria Falceto, Fidel San Roman-Ascaso, Fidel San Roman-Llorens, Juan Jose Quereda, Juan Manuel Herrero, Livia Mendonca, Jose Luis Martin-Barrasa, Olga Maria Fernandez, Antonio Munoz, Pablo Ramirez, Pedro Gutierrez, Isabel Lopez-Chicheri, Ana Lopez-Navas, Antonio Rios
Summary: This study analyzed the attitudes of Veterinary Degree students from six Spanish universities towards xenotransplantation and determined the factors that affect its acceptance. The survey results showed that 93% of the students would accept a xenotransplanted organ if it became a clinical reality. The students' attitudes were influenced by their academic year and their attitude towards organ transplantation.
XENOTRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Pablo Rodriguez-Hernandez, Maria Jose Cardador, Rocio Rios-Reina, Jose Maria Sanchez-Carvajal, Angela Galan-Relano, Francisco Jurado-Martos, Inmaculada Luque, Lourdes Arce, Jaime Gomez-Laguna, Vicente Rodriguez-Estevez
Summary: This study evaluates the potential of gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in discriminating cattle infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) from non-infected animals. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from feces were analyzed and chemometrics were used to process the data. The results demonstrate that this approach has a robust performance in identifying the infection and non-infection status with high accuracy and sensitivity.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Patrick Thalmann, Simone Ehrhard, Artur Summerfield, Meret Elisabeth Ricklin
Summary: This retrospective study described patients presenting to the emergency department of a large university hospital in Switzerland with complaints of tick bite. The study found that although tick bites were not frequently seen in the emergency department, there were many patients with neurological symptoms following tick bites, indicating the need for a systematic assessment of vaccination status, virus serology, and further diagnostic evaluations.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Miguel Garcia-de la Virgen, Inmaculada Lopez-Almela, Alexandra Moura, Sergio Vazquez, Sara Perez-Montagud, Alexandre Leclercq, Marc Lecuit, Juan J. Quereda
Summary: This report describes a case of Listeria monocytogenes-associated mesenteric lymphadenitis in a cat, highlighting the importance of this syndrome for veterinary clinicians and microbiologists in terms of health and food safety for animals and humans.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Pablo Rodriguez-Hernandez, Maria Jose Cardador, Rocio Rios-Reina, Jose Maria Sanchez-Carvajal, Angela Galan-Relano, Francisco Jurado-Martos, Inmaculada Luque, Lourdes Arce, Jaime Gomez-Laguna, Vicente Rodriguez-Estevez
Summary: Bovine tuberculosis is a re-emerging disease that poses risks to the livestock sector and public health. Current diagnostic procedures have drawbacks, and alternative tools are needed. This study evaluates the potential of gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) in distinguishing naturally infected cattle from non-infected animals.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Roger-Junior Eloiflin, Llorenc Grau-Roma, Sylvie Python, Kemal Mehinagic, Aurelie Godel, Genevieve Libeau, Artur Summerfield, Arnaud Bataille, Obdulio Garcia-Nicolas
Summary: This study confirmed the difference in virulence between Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus strains and found that viral RNA can be detected in the tissues and serum samples of vaccinated animals.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Danah Altakrouni, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Canadian DMV/1639 IBV and found that the autogenous inactivated DMV/1639 vaccine was more effective in reducing viral loads and boosting virus neutralization titers. Both vaccination programs provided significant protection against pathological effects.
Article
Virology
Wanda Christ, Jonas Klingstrom, Janne Tynell
Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering translational arrest and inhibiting stress granule formation. However, the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP are not induced. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants show variant-specific differences in ISR activation, suggesting potential impacts on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
Article
Virology
Xiao Han, Hankun Xu, Yifan Weng, Rong Chen, Jidong Xu, Tong Cao, Renjie Sun, Ying Shan, Fang He, Weihuan Fang, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can inhibit the host innate immunity by decreasing the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CSFV Npro can evade host antiviral immune response through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation.
Article
Virology
Sunjian Lyu, Fulei Xiong, Tianpeng Qi, Weifeng Shen, Qi Guo, Mingming Han, Li Liu, Weishao Bu, Julin Yuan, Bao Lou
Summary: This study identified and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, P05B, which has strong lytic ability and stability across different temperatures and pH values.
Article
Virology
Siyuan Liu, Wei Chen, Raphael Nyaruaba, Shunlong Wang, Cihan Yang, Qun Wu, Ying Liu, Puyu Liu, Fei Wang, Jingling Wang, Zhiming Yuan, Dingwei Sun, Han Xia
Summary: Specific, sensitive, and reliable RT-qPCR assays for the detection of OYAV and EBIV have been successfully developed in this study. These assays hold great promise for their potential application in clinical and field samples in the future.
Article
Virology
Rui Wang, Qiang Sun, Jinbo Xiao, Congcong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Jichen Li, Yang Song, Huanhuan Lu, Ying Liu, Shuangli Zhu, Zhijun Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important agent causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in residue 64 of the virus have been found to increase resistance to ribavirin and decrease sensitivity to guanidine hydrochloride. This mutation also leads to increased replication fidelity and reduced pathogenicity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang
Summary: This study isolated a novel virus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. It was found that vB_VviC_ZQ26 belongs to a new vibriophage-specific family, Coheviridae, and is mainly found in temperate and tropical epipelagic zones.
Article
Virology
Xing Li, Zhiping Ye, Ewan P. Plant
Summary: By analyzing clinical and cultured samples using the same bioinformatic pipeline, it was found that 5' copyback DVGs are prevalent in human clinical samples but not in cultured samples. Furthermore, there are differences in DVG production and composition between in vivo and in vitro infections.
Article
Virology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Suvrotoa Mitra, Animesh Gope, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: Rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and continues to be a severe issue in underdeveloped nations. Recent research has shown that a long non-coding RNA called SLC7A11-AS1 is upregulated during rotavirus infection and plays a role in facilitating the virus's propagation by regulating intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
Article
Virology
Eiichi Hondo, Tetsufumi Katta, Ayato Sato, Naoya Kadofusa, Tomoki Ishibashi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirokazu Katoh, Atsuo Iida
Summary: Bat-borne emerging viruses, such as the Ebola virus and Nipah virus, pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we identified micafungin as a potential antiviral drug against Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) and found that it inhibits viral release in human cells through activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective treatments for future virus pandemics.
Article
Virology
M. Joubert, N. van den Berg, J. Theron, V. Swart
Summary: This study investigated the host gene expression in asymptomatic avocado nursery trees infected with Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) using RNA sequencing. The results showed that 631 genes were differentially expressed during infection, with 63% upregulated. ASBVd infection significantly affected plant defence responses, phytohormone networks, gene expression pathways, secondary metabolism, cellular transport, as well as protein modification and degradation. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions underlying avsunviroid-host interactions.
Article
Virology
Wanling Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Zhengyun Liu, Shengyu Wang, Tianyang Chen, Hong Song, Yunbin Xu, Fajin Li, Guo Luo, Huan Wang
Summary: EV71 infection leads to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in human neuroblastoma cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that may contribute to nervous system dysfunction.
Article
Virology
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Vicente Pallas, Jesus Angel Sanchez- Navarro
Summary: This study reports the construction and validation of an infectious cDNA clone of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) based on an agroinfection system. Agro-injected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed localized lesions similar to the natural infection process. The virus recovered from the infected plant tissue could be mechanically transmitted between plants. The CiLV-C reverse genetic system provides a powerful molecular tool for unraveling the peculiarities of the citrus leprosis pathosystem.
Article
Virology
Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Francisco J. Perez-Rodriguez, Catia Alvarez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Giulia Torriani, Meriem Bekliz, Kenneth Adea, Matthias Lenk, Tasnim Suliman, Wolfgang Preiser, Marcel A. Mueller, Christian Drosten, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has different replication characteristics compared to other variants of concern, being able to efficiently produce infectious virus in nasal cells but not lung cells. In addition, the Delta and Omicron variants showed increased infection efficiency in A549 cells. These findings suggest that the variants of concern have better adaptation to humans but do not have an extended host range.
Article
Virology
Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marieme Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
Summary: Genomic surveillance in Senegal since March 2020 has detected the emergence of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages in June 2022. Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny analysis of isolates from a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal in July 2022 revealed that the BA.4 cases originated from a XAS recombinant, marking the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is crucial.
