Article
Virology
Haifang Jiang, Jiaming Wu, Xianjie Liu, Ruitao Lu, Manling Zhou, Meiling Chen, Yonghong Liu, Grace Guoying Zhou, Wenmin Fu
Summary: In sensory ganglia, HSV-1 establishes latency by synthesizing LAT or initiates productive infection with immediate early viral proteins. Suppression of LAT leading to increased ICP0 mRNA does not affect the establishment of latency in latently infected ganglia.
Review
Virology
Xiuyan Ding, Donna M. Neumann, Liqian Zhu
Summary: HSV-1 is a neurotropic human pathogen that can establish lifelong latency in sensory neurons and cause recurrent disease. VP16, a component of HSV-1 virion, interacts with host factors to stimulate gene transcription and affect host immune responses.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Kelly S. Harrison, Nishani Wijesekera, Anastasia G. J. Robinson, Vanessa C. Santos, Robert H. Oakley, John A. Cidlowski, Clinton Jones
Summary: This study suggests that female mice expressing GR(S229A) have significantly lower levels of infectious virus during explant-induced reactivation compared to male GR(S229A) or wild-type mice. Furthermore, female GR(S229A) mice have fewer VP16 + TG neurons during the early stages of explant-induced reactivation, indicating that GR transcriptional activity has female-specific effects.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Pankaj Singh, Donna M. Neumann
Summary: This study reveals that CTCF insulators in HSV-1 genomes are differentially enriched in the cohesin subunit Rad21, suggesting that CTCF-cohesin interactions are establishing and anchoring chromatin loop structures to control viral transcription.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Kati Tormanen, Harry H. Matundan, Shaohui Wang, Ujjaldeep Jaggi, Kevin R. Mott, Homayon Ghiasi
Summary: This study reveals that the small noncoding RNA1 (sncRNA1) encoded within HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) plays a protective role during acute ocular infection by modulating the innate immune response. Deletion of sncRNA1 reduces the levels of certain genes and alters immune pathways, but does not affect latency or reactivation of the virus.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Luis M. Schang, MiYao Hu, Esteban Flores Cortes, Kairui Sun
Summary: The ability of HSV-1 to establish, maintain and reactivate latent infections is regulated by epigenetics, which play a major role in these processes. The viral chromatin has distinct biophysical properties and is enriched in post translational modifications or histone variants that differ from cellular chromatin. Small molecule epigenetic modulators have shown to inhibit viral replication and reactivation from latency, suggesting potential for antiviral therapy.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eduardo I. Tognarelli, Angello Retamal-Diaz, Monica A. Farias, Luisa F. Duarte, Tomas F. Palomino, Francisco J. Ibanez, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno, Pablo A. Gonzalez
Summary: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause lifelong infections in humans and can result in mild or severe clinical manifestations. These viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the host's immune system, including inhibiting the function of dendritic cells (DCs) and inducing their apoptosis. In this study, researchers found that inhibiting a signaling pathway called IRE-1 alpha improved the function of DCs infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2, suggesting that targeting this pathway may enhance immune responses to HSV infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Mahesh Kumar Sivasubramanian, Raisa Monteiro, Kelly S. Harrison, Bhuvana Plakkot, Madhan Subramanian, Clinton Jones
Summary: This study found that the abundant expression of the viral gene LAT in neurons infected with HSV-1 plays an important role in latency. Compared to the wild-type virus, mutants without LAT had lower reactivation efficiency, indicating that LAT promotes the establishment and maintenance of latency. In addition, female mice latently infected with LAT null mutants showed higher levels of senescence markers and inflammation in the brainstem region, while important inflammatory markers were enhanced in the principal sensory nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract in female mice latently infected with wild-type HSV-1 or LAT null mutants.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Lan Hu, Kalanghad P. Srinivas, Shuoshuo Wang, Moses Chao, Timothee Lionnet, Ian Mohr, Angus C. Wilson, Daniel P. Depledge, Tony T. Huang
Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for understanding cell diversity and phenotypic states in tissues. In this study, scRNA-seq and smFISH were used to investigate host transcriptome changes upon the reactivation of HSV-1. Gadd45b was identified as a critical factor regulating HSV-1 reactivation, with different subcellular localization correlating with viral gene expression.
Article
Microbiology
Jesse H. Arbuckle, Jodi L. Vogel, Stacey Efstathiou, Thomas M. Kristie
Summary: Herpes simplex virus is a significant global disease burden. It establishes a lifelong persistent infection in sensory neurons. Transcription of the viral immediate early (IE) genes is regulated by the cellular transcriptional coactivator HCF-1, which is also involved in viral reactivation from latency. A study using an HCF-1 conditional knockout mouse model demonstrated that the deletion of HCF-1 in sensory neurons reduces the number of latently infected neurons that initiate viral reactivation. This is due to a defect in the removal of repressive chromatin associated with latent viral genomes. HCF-1 is therefore a critical regulatory factor for the initiation of HSV reactivation.
Article
Oncology
Shady I. Tantawy, Aloke Sarkar, Stefan Hubner, Zhi Tan, William G. Wierda, Abdelraouf Eldeib, Shuxing Zhang, Steven Kornblau, Varsha Gandhi
Summary: This study aims to investigate the mechanism of MCL-1i-induced Mcl-1 protein stability. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that MCL-1i-induced Mcl-1 protein stability is mainly associated with defective Mcl-1 ubiquitination and concurrent apoptosis induction. Additionally, MCL-1i also enhances Mcl-1Thr163 phosphorylation via ERK pathway, contributing to Mcl-1 stability.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haruki Kitamura, Sayaka Sukegawa, Kouki Matsuda, Kousuke Tanimoto, Takuya Kobayakawa, Kazuho Takahashi, Hirokazu Tamamura, Kiyoto Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Kenji Maeda, Hiroaki Takeuchi
Summary: Combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) successfully suppresses viral load but fails to eliminate HIV-1 reservoirs. "Shock and Kill" strategy using latently-reversing agents (LRAs) is being developed to reactivate latent HIV-1 and induce cell death. This study identified 4-phenylquinoline-8-amine (PQA) as a novel LRA candidate that effectively reactivated HIV-1 and induced cell death in latently-infected cells.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Harry H. Matundan, Ujjaldeep Jaggi, Jack Yu, Omid Akbari, Homayon Ghiasi
Summary: This study found that the interactions between CD28, CTLA4, and PD-L1 with CD80 can affect HSV-1 reactivation, leading to lower interferon signaling and reduced virus reactivation levels. Blocking these interactions could be a potential therapeutic target for HSV-1-induced reactivation and associated eye diseases.
Review
Immunology
Anthony J. St Leger, David M. Koelle, Paul R. Kinchington, Georges Michel G. M. Verjans
Summary: HSV-1 genomes persist in trigeminal ganglia neuronal nuclei as chromatinized episomes, while epithelial cells are typically killed by lytic infection. The ganglionic immune response includes cell-intrinsic responses in neurons, innate sensing by several cell types, and the infiltration and persistence of antigen-specific T-cells. The contrasting fates of HSV-1 in neurons and epithelial cells may involve differential genome silencing and chromatinization, modulation by viral tegument proteins, and protection of neurons by autophagy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qingqing Shao, Fan Wu, Tong Liu, Wenjia Wang, Tianli Liu, Ximing Jin, Lijun Xu, Yonggui Ma, Guangying Huang, Zhuo Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of JieZe-1 (JZ-1) against HSV-2 infection-induced genital herpes and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that JZ-1 inhibits cell apoptosis by inducing autophagy, alleviates histological damage, improves inflammatory responses, and downregulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Danah Altakrouni, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Canadian DMV/1639 IBV and found that the autogenous inactivated DMV/1639 vaccine was more effective in reducing viral loads and boosting virus neutralization titers. Both vaccination programs provided significant protection against pathological effects.
Article
Virology
Wanda Christ, Jonas Klingstrom, Janne Tynell
Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering translational arrest and inhibiting stress granule formation. However, the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP are not induced. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants show variant-specific differences in ISR activation, suggesting potential impacts on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
Article
Virology
Xiao Han, Hankun Xu, Yifan Weng, Rong Chen, Jidong Xu, Tong Cao, Renjie Sun, Ying Shan, Fang He, Weihuan Fang, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can inhibit the host innate immunity by decreasing the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CSFV Npro can evade host antiviral immune response through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation.
Article
Virology
Sunjian Lyu, Fulei Xiong, Tianpeng Qi, Weifeng Shen, Qi Guo, Mingming Han, Li Liu, Weishao Bu, Julin Yuan, Bao Lou
Summary: This study identified and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, P05B, which has strong lytic ability and stability across different temperatures and pH values.
Article
Virology
Siyuan Liu, Wei Chen, Raphael Nyaruaba, Shunlong Wang, Cihan Yang, Qun Wu, Ying Liu, Puyu Liu, Fei Wang, Jingling Wang, Zhiming Yuan, Dingwei Sun, Han Xia
Summary: Specific, sensitive, and reliable RT-qPCR assays for the detection of OYAV and EBIV have been successfully developed in this study. These assays hold great promise for their potential application in clinical and field samples in the future.
Article
Virology
Rui Wang, Qiang Sun, Jinbo Xiao, Congcong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Jichen Li, Yang Song, Huanhuan Lu, Ying Liu, Shuangli Zhu, Zhijun Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important agent causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in residue 64 of the virus have been found to increase resistance to ribavirin and decrease sensitivity to guanidine hydrochloride. This mutation also leads to increased replication fidelity and reduced pathogenicity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang
Summary: This study isolated a novel virus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. It was found that vB_VviC_ZQ26 belongs to a new vibriophage-specific family, Coheviridae, and is mainly found in temperate and tropical epipelagic zones.
Article
Virology
Xing Li, Zhiping Ye, Ewan P. Plant
Summary: By analyzing clinical and cultured samples using the same bioinformatic pipeline, it was found that 5' copyback DVGs are prevalent in human clinical samples but not in cultured samples. Furthermore, there are differences in DVG production and composition between in vivo and in vitro infections.
Article
Virology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Suvrotoa Mitra, Animesh Gope, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: Rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and continues to be a severe issue in underdeveloped nations. Recent research has shown that a long non-coding RNA called SLC7A11-AS1 is upregulated during rotavirus infection and plays a role in facilitating the virus's propagation by regulating intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
Article
Virology
Eiichi Hondo, Tetsufumi Katta, Ayato Sato, Naoya Kadofusa, Tomoki Ishibashi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirokazu Katoh, Atsuo Iida
Summary: Bat-borne emerging viruses, such as the Ebola virus and Nipah virus, pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we identified micafungin as a potential antiviral drug against Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) and found that it inhibits viral release in human cells through activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective treatments for future virus pandemics.
Article
Virology
M. Joubert, N. van den Berg, J. Theron, V. Swart
Summary: This study investigated the host gene expression in asymptomatic avocado nursery trees infected with Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) using RNA sequencing. The results showed that 631 genes were differentially expressed during infection, with 63% upregulated. ASBVd infection significantly affected plant defence responses, phytohormone networks, gene expression pathways, secondary metabolism, cellular transport, as well as protein modification and degradation. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions underlying avsunviroid-host interactions.
Article
Virology
Wanling Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Zhengyun Liu, Shengyu Wang, Tianyang Chen, Hong Song, Yunbin Xu, Fajin Li, Guo Luo, Huan Wang
Summary: EV71 infection leads to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in human neuroblastoma cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that may contribute to nervous system dysfunction.
Article
Virology
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Vicente Pallas, Jesus Angel Sanchez- Navarro
Summary: This study reports the construction and validation of an infectious cDNA clone of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) based on an agroinfection system. Agro-injected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed localized lesions similar to the natural infection process. The virus recovered from the infected plant tissue could be mechanically transmitted between plants. The CiLV-C reverse genetic system provides a powerful molecular tool for unraveling the peculiarities of the citrus leprosis pathosystem.
Article
Virology
Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Francisco J. Perez-Rodriguez, Catia Alvarez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Giulia Torriani, Meriem Bekliz, Kenneth Adea, Matthias Lenk, Tasnim Suliman, Wolfgang Preiser, Marcel A. Mueller, Christian Drosten, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has different replication characteristics compared to other variants of concern, being able to efficiently produce infectious virus in nasal cells but not lung cells. In addition, the Delta and Omicron variants showed increased infection efficiency in A549 cells. These findings suggest that the variants of concern have better adaptation to humans but do not have an extended host range.
Article
Virology
Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marieme Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
Summary: Genomic surveillance in Senegal since March 2020 has detected the emergence of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages in June 2022. Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny analysis of isolates from a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal in July 2022 revealed that the BA.4 cases originated from a XAS recombinant, marking the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is crucial.