Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kasumi Suzuki, Hiroki Shinkai, Gou Yoshioka, Toshimi Matsumoto, Junji Tanaka, Noboru Hayashi, Haruki Kitazawa, Hirohide Uenishi
Summary: The study found that the NOD2-2197A genotype in the PCV2b-spreading pig population can increase pig mortality at the growing stage, and after the PCV2b epidemic, the proportion of NOD2-2197A decreases. Functional differences caused by NOD2-2197 polymorphisms have a significant impact on pig health and livestock productivity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adthakorn Madapong, Kepalee Saeng-Chuto, Angkana Tantituvanont, Dachrit Nilubol
Summary: This study evaluated the immune response of six commercial vaccines against PRRSV-2 and PCV2, administered via intramuscular or intradermal routes. The results showed that intradermal vaccination was more effective in terms of immune response and clinical outcomes compared to intramuscular vaccination. Concurrent vaccination of PRRSV-2 MLV and PCV2 via either the intramuscular or intradermal routes could be a viable immunization strategy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wenxian Chen, Jindai Fan, Zhaoyao Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yuwei Qin, Keke Wu, Xiaowen Li, Yuwan Li, Shuangqi Fan, Mingqiu Zhao
Summary: The RAA technology combined with a nucleic acid test strip (RAA-strip) offers a simple and specific method for detecting PCV2, showing advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, and simple operation.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hong-Xuan Li, Xi-Meng Chen, You-Yi Zhao, Hong-Lei Zhang, Lan-Lan Zheng, Lin-Qing Wang, Shi-jie Ma, Hong-Ying Chen
Summary: Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was discovered in pigs in Hunan province, China in 2019 and has been found in pigs co-infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). A study was conducted in Henan province, China to investigate the co-infection and genetic diversity of PEDV and PCV4. A duplex SYBR Green I-based qPCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of PEDV and PCV4. The results showed a detection rate of 40% for PEDV, 38% for PCV4, and a co-infection rate of 34%. Genetic analysis revealed different strains of PEDV and three genotypes of PCV4. This study provides valuable information for the prevention and control of these viruses.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maria Grazia Amoroso, Francesco Serra, Claudia Esposito, Nicola D'Alessio, Gianmarco Ferrara, Barbara Cioffi, Antonietta Anzalone, Ugo Pagnini, Esterina De Carlo, Giovanna Fusco, Serena Montagnaro
Summary: A retrospective study was conducted to detect the presence of PCV-2 and PCV-3 genomes in wild boar samples in the Campania region. The combined prevalence was 74.32%, with 22.30% of animals being coinfected. Gender was identified as a significant risk factor for the disease. The study provides insights into the circulation of PCV-2 and PCV-3 in wild boars in Campania, Southern Italy.
Article
Microbiology
Umberto Molini, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Maria Yvonne Hemberger, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: The impact of PCV-2 virus in the swine industry has been largely reduced through vaccination administration, but the emergence of novel PCV-2 genotypes poses a threat to the efficacy of vaccines. A study found the presence of the previously considered extinct PCV-2c genotype in Namibian wild animal populations, indicating a higher level of host plasticity for PCV-2.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weilong Ji, Xinwei Zhang, Guyu Niu, Si Chen, Xue Li, Lin Yang, Liying Zhang, Linzhu Ren
Summary: This study demonstrates that recombinant capsids of PCV can serve as candidate antigens for vaccine development, as they exhibit adequate immunogenicity and can induce specific antibodies. Additionally, the antibodies prepared in this study have the potential for cross-reactivity with multiple PCVs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Umberto Molini, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Leandra Van Zyl, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) has been discovered in the lung lymph nodes of Namibian jackals, suggesting a broader host tropism for PCV-2 than previously thought. The viruses were found to have a close genetic relationship with PCV-2b strains collected from domestic pigs in South Africa and Namibia. It is speculated that the infection may have occurred through the dispersal of pig-derived products in the wild or the scavenging activity of jackals living in peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to understand how PCV-2 is acquired and maintained in wild canids and its potential impact on other wild and domestic species.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Joaquim Segales, Marina Sibila
Summary: Current knowledge on Porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) includes subclinical infection, systemic disease, reproductive disease, and other related conditions. The diagnosis of PCVD is based on clinical signs, lesions, and viral detection. Molecular biology methods have been used for monitoring PCVD, but should be considered as monitoring tools rather than diagnostic ones. The epidemiological picture of PCV-2 has changed due to vaccination, leading to a decrease in infectious pressure and overall herd immunity. The need for diagnosing PCVD has increased in cases with PCV-2-like conditions after vaccination.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Marina Sibila, Caterina Rocco, Giovanni Franzo, Eva Huerta, Mariano Domingo, Jose Ignacio Nunez, Joaquim Segales
Summary: Vaccination against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is common worldwide to prevent PCV-2 outbreaks. The study found that primarily PCV-2b and PCV-2d genotypes were detected in vaccinated animals diagnosed with PCV-2-systemic disease, with a shift towards a predominance of the PCV-2d genotype over time.
Article
Microbiology
Sergei Raev, Anton Yuzhakov, Taras Aliper
Summary: The study investigated the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in Russia, finding that PCV2d was predominant while PCV2a and PCV2b were less common. Antibody recognition sites in Russian PCV2 strains differed from those in a PCV2a vaccine strain, possibly limiting the effectiveness of PCV2a-based vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lia Baron, Shimshi Atar, Hadas Zur, Modi Roopin, Eli Goz, Tamir Tuller
Summary: This study highlights the importance of silent codes in viral genomes for the regulation of viral life cycle and evolution, and demonstrates a novel computational-experimental pipeline to investigate their effects on viral fitness.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alicia de Sousa Moreira, Sergio Santos-Silva, Joao Mega, Josman D. Palmeira, Rita T. Torres, Joao R. Mesquita
Summary: This study investigated the presence of the PCV-2d genotype in wild boars in Portugal and emphasized the importance of monitoring wild PCV-2 reservoirs.
Article
Virology
Phat Xuan Dinh, Minh Nam Nguyen, Hien The Nguyen, Vu Hoang Tran, Quy Dinh Tran, Kim Hoang Dang, Dai Tan Vo, Hien Thanh Le, Nam Thi Thu Nguyen, Toan Tat Nguyen, Duy Tien Do
Summary: This study investigated the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its coinfecting pathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in Vietnam. The predominant genotype of PCV2 was identified to be PCV2d in southern provinces of Vietnam. The study also provided a comprehensive overview of the coinfecting pathogens associated with PCV2 in young pigs with respiratory disease.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Cinta Moraleda, Miquel Serna-Pascual, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Silvia Simo, Cristina Epalza, Mar Santos, Carlos Grasa, Maria Rodriguez, Beatriz Soto, Nerea Gallego, Yolanda Ruiz, Maria Urretavizcaya-Martinez, Marta Pareja, Francisco Jose Sanz-Santaeufemia, Victoria Fumado, Miguel Lanaspa, Iolanda Jordan, Luis Prieto, Sylvia Belda, Belen Toral-Vazquez, Elena Rincon, Nuria Gil-Villanueva, Ana Mendez-Echevarria, Ana Castillo-Serrano, Jacques G. Riviere, Pere Soler-Palacin, Pablo Rojo, Alfredo Tagarro
Summary: Clusters of children with MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in Spain. MIS-C is a potentially severe condition that presents in children with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Stina Hellman, Eva Tyden, Bernt Hjertner, Frida Nilsfors, Kefei Hu, Bror Morein, Caroline Fossum
Summary: The study aimed to understand the impact of different larval stages of Strongylus vulgaris and cyathostomins on cytokine responses in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (eqPBMC). It was found that the L4 stage of S. vulgaris induces a distinct cytokine profile compared to the earlier L3 stage and cyathostomins, which may have implications for future vaccine design.
PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Donath Damian, Modester Damas, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Mikael Berg
Summary: This study in Tanzania identified two genera and six species of ticks from cattle near the Mikumi National Park using morphological and molecular analysis. Results revealed significant genetic distances between the ticks, indicating potential biological diversity in the study area. The outcomes of this study will be valuable for planning integrated control strategies for ticks and tick-borne diseases in Tanzania, considering the importance of cattle in people's livelihoods and the economy of the country.
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Arvind Varsani, Tanja Opriessnig, Vladimir Celer, Fabrizio Maggi, Hiroaki Okamoto, Anne-Lie Blomstrom, Daniel Cadar, Balazs Harrach, Philippe Biagini, Simona Kraberger
Summary: Anelloviruses are a group of small DNA viruses, and with the discovery of diverse strains in various organisms in recent years, new classification challenges have emerged. A global analysis of mammalian anelloviruses has led to the establishment of new criteria for classification, resulting in the creation of new genera and species.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Simona Kraberger, Tanja Opriessnig, Vladimir Celer, Fabrizio Maggi, Hiroaki Okamoto, Anne-Lie Blomstrom, Daniel Cadar, Balazs Harrach, Philippe Biagini, Arvind Varsani
Summary: The genus Gyrovirus was initially associated with only one recognized species, but over the last decade, numerous related viruses have been identified. This study introduces a framework for classifying new species within the genus, announcing the establishment of nine new species with a unique naming system.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernt Hjertner, Claudia Lutzelschwab, Elise Schieck, Benjamin Nzau, Sonal Henson, Marie Sjolund, Caroline Fossum, Ulf Magnusson
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of genes considered biomarkers in humans to differentially diagnose bacterial from viral infections in pigs. Utilizing these genes, infected pigs could be effectively distinguished from healthy pigs.
Article
Biology
Anna Svensson, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Caroline Fossum, Anne-Marie Dalin
Summary: The study found that IL-23 plays a role in the inflammatory response after insemination in gilts, with the mRNA expression of IL-23 detected in the endometrium regardless of the insemination treatment.
BMC RESEARCH NOTES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pontus Ohlund, Nicolas Delhomme, Juliette Hayer, Jenny C. Hesson, Anne-Lie Blomstrom
Summary: Understanding the flavivirus infection process in mosquito hosts is crucial for developing new control strategies against pathogenic arboviruses. Insect-specific viruses (ISVs) interfere with secondary arbovirus infection in mosquitoes, but the mechanisms behind this interference are unknown. This study showed that simultaneous infection of ISVs and West Nile virus (WNV) reduced the number of WNV RNA copies in mosquito cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed altered gene expression in both WNV-infected and ISV-infected cells. Signal peptidase complex (SPC) proteins, which are important for flavivirus assembly and secretion, were up-regulated in all infection groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ylva Lindgren, Fereshteh Banihashem, Mikael Berg, Helena Eriksson, Siamak Zohari, Desiree S. Jansson
Summary: This paper describes the investigation of the first outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosions (AGE) in Sweden, in five broiler flocks. The investigation included whole viral genome sequencing and investigation of genomic organization and sequence relationships with other adenoviruses.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sara Lysholm, Johanna F. Lindahl, Musso Munyeme, Gerald Misinzo, Coletha Mathew, Karin Alvasen, George Dautu, Siri Linde, Lydia Mitternacht, Emelie Olovsson, Elsa Wilen, Mikael Berg, Jonas J. Wensman
Summary: The study focused on investigating the prevalence of transboundary pathogens in sheep and goats along the Tanzania-Zambia border. Factors such as distance from international borders, towns, contact with wild ruminants, and presence of sheep in households were associated with seroprevalence of certain viruses and bacteria. Further large-scale studies are recommended to evaluate the impact of trade and proximity to borders, towns, and roads on the spread of diseases.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Harindranath Cholleti, Johnny de Jong, Anne-Lie Blomstrom, Mikael Berg
Summary: Research reveals that Swedish Pipistrellus bats carry a variety of viruses, some of which are closely related to mammalian viruses.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Annika Djurle, Beth Young, Anna Berlin, Ivar Vagsholm, Anne-Lie Blomstrom, Jim Nygren, Anders Kvarnheden
Summary: This review discusses ways to prepare for and mitigate the effects of biohazards on the primary production of crops and livestock. It focuses on the agricultural industry in Europe but has worldwide applications. Biohazards can be natural or intentional introductions of pathogens and can cause significant economic damage. Agroterrorism, the intentional introduction of animal or plant pathogens, is a real threat in Europe. The use of an analytical framework called FORSA is examined, which helps in analyzing and managing biohazard events. The review emphasizes the importance of farm biosecurity, monitoring and laboratory capacity, and inter-agency communication in preparing for and managing biohazards. The increasing unknowns in the food supply chain due to factors like climate change, Covid-19, and conflicts necessitate the use of risk and vulnerability analyses like FORSA.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hedvig Stenberg, Stina Hellman, Lisa Lindstrom, Magdalena Jacobson, Caroline Fossum, Juliette Hayer, Maja Malmberg
Summary: The results of this study provide evidence of an APPV-induced antiviral cytokine response, but found no lesions related to the infection or any support for a common causative agent.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Harindranath Cholleti, Johnny de Jong, Anne-Lie Blomstrom, Mikael Berg
Summary: This study analyzed saliva samples from Myotis brandtii bats in south-central Sweden and identified viral sequences belonging to different families, including a previously unknown zoonotic virus (ISKV). Additionally, two novel viruses were characterized. These findings contribute to our understanding of the diversity of bat-borne viruses and the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paulo E. Brandao, Mikael Berg, Beatriz A. Leite, Sheila O. S. Silva, Sueli A. Taniwaki
Summary: By monitoring the variants and viral load during cell passages, this study reveals that the emergence and frequency of variants during host switches of Avian coronavirus exhibit different patterns at different passages. Furthermore, the evolution sequence of the virus during spillovers corresponds to the order of its life cycle, leading to a stable overall fitness of the mutant spectrum.
GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Donath Damian, Modester Damas, Jonas Johansson Wensman, Mikael Berg
Summary: Ticks play a crucial role as vectors and reservoirs of various pathogens, impacting human, livestock, and wildlife health. This study focused on the genetic diversity of hard tick species collected in the wildlife-livestock interface ecosystem at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania using mitochondrion 16S rRNA gene sequences, identifying six species and showcasing the biological diversity of hard ticks in the region. Further studies are needed to quantify the species of hard ticks in the study region and beyond.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Ahmed Ali, Motamed Elsayed Mahmoud, Danah Altakrouni, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of different vaccination programs against Canadian DMV/1639 IBV and found that the autogenous inactivated DMV/1639 vaccine was more effective in reducing viral loads and boosting virus neutralization titers. Both vaccination programs provided significant protection against pathological effects.
Article
Virology
Wanda Christ, Jonas Klingstrom, Janne Tynell
Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, triggering translational arrest and inhibiting stress granule formation. However, the stress-responsive transcription factors ATF4 and CHOP are not induced. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants show variant-specific differences in ISR activation, suggesting potential impacts on pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
Article
Virology
Xiao Han, Hankun Xu, Yifan Weng, Rong Chen, Jidong Xu, Tong Cao, Renjie Sun, Ying Shan, Fang He, Weihuan Fang, Xiaoliang Li
Summary: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can inhibit the host innate immunity by decreasing the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and CSFV Npro can evade host antiviral immune response through upregulating HMGB1 acetylation.
Article
Virology
Sunjian Lyu, Fulei Xiong, Tianpeng Qi, Weifeng Shen, Qi Guo, Mingming Han, Li Liu, Weishao Bu, Julin Yuan, Bao Lou
Summary: This study identified and characterized a novel temperate A. hydrophila phage, P05B, which has strong lytic ability and stability across different temperatures and pH values.
Article
Virology
Siyuan Liu, Wei Chen, Raphael Nyaruaba, Shunlong Wang, Cihan Yang, Qun Wu, Ying Liu, Puyu Liu, Fei Wang, Jingling Wang, Zhiming Yuan, Dingwei Sun, Han Xia
Summary: Specific, sensitive, and reliable RT-qPCR assays for the detection of OYAV and EBIV have been successfully developed in this study. These assays hold great promise for their potential application in clinical and field samples in the future.
Article
Virology
Rui Wang, Qiang Sun, Jinbo Xiao, Congcong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Jichen Li, Yang Song, Huanhuan Lu, Ying Liu, Shuangli Zhu, Zhijun Liu, Yong Zhang
Summary: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as an important agent causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Mutations in residue 64 of the virus have been found to increase resistance to ribavirin and decrease sensitivity to guanidine hydrochloride. This mutation also leads to increased replication fidelity and reduced pathogenicity. These findings provide a foundation for the development of a safe and effective live attenuated CVA6 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Yao Xiong, Keran Ma, Xiao Zou, Yantao Liang, Kaiyang Zheng, Tiancong Wang, Hong Zhang, Yue Dong, Ziyue Wang, Yundan Liu, Hongbing Shao, Andrew Mcminn, Min Wang
Summary: This study isolated a novel virus, vB_VviC_ZQ26, infecting Vibrio cyclitrophicus from coastal waters near Qingdao, China. It was found that vB_VviC_ZQ26 belongs to a new vibriophage-specific family, Coheviridae, and is mainly found in temperate and tropical epipelagic zones.
Article
Virology
Xing Li, Zhiping Ye, Ewan P. Plant
Summary: By analyzing clinical and cultured samples using the same bioinformatic pipeline, it was found that 5' copyback DVGs are prevalent in human clinical samples but not in cultured samples. Furthermore, there are differences in DVG production and composition between in vivo and in vitro infections.
Article
Virology
Shreya Banerjee, Rakesh Sarkar, Arpita Mukherjee, Suvrotoa Mitra, Animesh Gope, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
Summary: Rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and continues to be a severe issue in underdeveloped nations. Recent research has shown that a long non-coding RNA called SLC7A11-AS1 is upregulated during rotavirus infection and plays a role in facilitating the virus's propagation by regulating intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
Article
Virology
Eiichi Hondo, Tetsufumi Katta, Ayato Sato, Naoya Kadofusa, Tomoki Ishibashi, Hiroshi Shimoda, Hirokazu Katoh, Atsuo Iida
Summary: Bat-borne emerging viruses, such as the Ebola virus and Nipah virus, pose a significant threat to public health. In this study, we identified micafungin as a potential antiviral drug against Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) and found that it inhibits viral release in human cells through activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the development of effective treatments for future virus pandemics.
Article
Virology
M. Joubert, N. van den Berg, J. Theron, V. Swart
Summary: This study investigated the host gene expression in asymptomatic avocado nursery trees infected with Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) using RNA sequencing. The results showed that 631 genes were differentially expressed during infection, with 63% upregulated. ASBVd infection significantly affected plant defence responses, phytohormone networks, gene expression pathways, secondary metabolism, cellular transport, as well as protein modification and degradation. This study provides insights into the molecular interactions underlying avsunviroid-host interactions.
Article
Virology
Wanling Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Zhengyun Liu, Shengyu Wang, Tianyang Chen, Hong Song, Yunbin Xu, Fajin Li, Guo Luo, Huan Wang
Summary: EV71 infection leads to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in human neuroblastoma cells, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction that may contribute to nervous system dysfunction.
Article
Virology
Mikhail Oliveira Leastro, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Vicente Pallas, Jesus Angel Sanchez- Navarro
Summary: This study reports the construction and validation of an infectious cDNA clone of Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C) based on an agroinfection system. Agro-injected Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed localized lesions similar to the natural infection process. The virus recovered from the infected plant tissue could be mechanically transmitted between plants. The CiLV-C reverse genetic system provides a powerful molecular tool for unraveling the peculiarities of the citrus leprosis pathosystem.
Article
Virology
Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Francisco J. Perez-Rodriguez, Catia Alvarez, Pascale Sattonnet-Roche, Giulia Torriani, Meriem Bekliz, Kenneth Adea, Matthias Lenk, Tasnim Suliman, Wolfgang Preiser, Marcel A. Mueller, Christian Drosten, Laurent Kaiser, Isabella Eckerle
Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has different replication characteristics compared to other variants of concern, being able to efficiently produce infectious virus in nasal cells but not lung cells. In addition, the Delta and Omicron variants showed increased infection efficiency in A549 cells. These findings suggest that the variants of concern have better adaptation to humans but do not have an extended host range.
Article
Virology
Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moise Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marieme Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
Summary: Genomic surveillance in Senegal since March 2020 has detected the emergence of Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sublineages in June 2022. Next-generation sequencing and phylogeny analysis of isolates from a cluster of cases in Northern Senegal in July 2022 revealed that the BA.4 cases originated from a XAS recombinant, marking the first reported sequence of this variant from Senegal. Continuous genomic surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples is crucial.