Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohsen Bashashati, David H. Chung, Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi, Dong-Hun Lee
Summary: The evolutionary history of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Iran shows that only the Iran 4 subgroup has survived and currently circulates in the country; the viruses possess molecular markers associated with mammalian adaption; continued surveillance of H9N2 viruses is needed to monitor their evolution and potential threat to public health.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Zhibin Hu, Fuhu Peng, Zhenghui Xiong, Wanpo Zhang, Tingting Li, Yuejun Shi, Jun Xie, Xin Jin, Jingjing Huang, Hongde Xiao, Dingren Bi, Nianhua Song, Zili Li
Summary: The study revealed that the H9N2 avian influenza virus in Hubei Province continues to mutate, spread, and adapt, emphasizing the importance of strengthening surveillance in live poultry markets.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mohamed Tarek, Mahmoud M. Naguib, Abdel-Sattar Arafa, Laila A. Tantawy, Karim M. Selim, Shaimaa Talaat, Hesham A. Sultan
Summary: The study revealed that H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus spread widely in multiple governorates in Egypt, showing phylogenetic relatedness with viruses recently isolated in Europe, and suggesting a potential back transmission from domestic poultry in Egypt to migratory wild birds.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Junki Mine, Ryota Tsunekuni, Taichiro Tanikawa, Yuko Uchida, Nikita Dubovitskiy, Anastasiya Derko, Ivan Sobolev, Alexander Shestopalov, Kirill Sharshov, Takehiko Saito
Summary: This study investigated the outbreaks of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Japan during the winter of 2020-2021 and found that the viruses may have emerged through reassortment events with Siberian avian influenza viruses. The study also revealed that H5N2 and H5N8 viruses isolated from wild birds in Siberia during the previous summer may have spread to both Asia and Europe in the following winter.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ahmed E. Kayed, Omnia Kutkat, Ahmed Kandeil, Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed El Taweel, Mohamed El Sayes, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Basma Emad Aboulhoda, Nourtan F. Abdeltawab, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali, Mohammed A. Ramadan
Summary: Active surveillance and studying the virological features of avian-origin influenza viruses are crucial for early warning and preparedness for future pandemics. During active surveillance in Egypt, multiple reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 viruses were identified. In this study, the infectivity, pathogenicity, and transmission of different forms of Egyptian H7N3 viruses were investigated in chickens and mice, along with their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. The findings highlight the potential threat of H7N3 viruses circulating in wild birds to poultry production and public health.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jiaqi Cui, Pengfei Cui, Jianzhong Shi, Weifeng Fan, Xin Xing, Wenli Gu, Yuancheng Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Xianying Zeng, Yongping Jiang, Pucheng Chen, Huanliang Yang, Yan Chen, Jinxiong Liu, Liling Liu, Guobin Tian, Yixin Lu, Hualan Chen, Chengjun Li, Guohua Deng
Summary: The H6 avian influenza virus is prevalent worldwide, especially in poultry farms in China. Studies revealed the complex genetic evolution and dual receptor binding specificity of H6 AIV, highlighting the potential threat to human health.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Pengxiang Chang, Jean-Remy Sadeyen, Sushant Bhat, Rebecca Daines, Altaf Hussain, Huseyin Yilmaz, Munir Iqbal
Summary: Since 2013, the H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused over 1500 human infections and a mortality rate of approximately 40%. Despite vaccination efforts, the viruses continue to evolve rapidly in poultry and some strains have the ability to escape vaccine-induced immunity. Recent analysis showed that the H7N9 AIVs from the early epidemic waves had dual receptor binding characteristics, but more recent strains lost or retained weak human receptor binding. The viruses also demonstrated increased acid stability but reduced thermal stability compared to earlier strains, and showed poor cross-reactivity with human monoclonal antibodies and ferret antisera.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zhimin Wan, Qiuqi Kan, Zhehong Zhao, Hongxia Shao, Thomas J. Deliberto, Xiu-Feng Wan, Aijian Qin, Jianqiang Ye
Summary: Through studying H6 viruses in wild birds from Poyang Lake, China, it was found that these viruses exhibit genetic diversity, with populations clustered into four genotypes, and show distinct characteristics in growth kinetics and transmission pathways. Some viruses even replicated effectively in mice without prior adaptation.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Weiyang Sun, Menglin Zhao, Zhijun Yu, Yuanguo Li, Xinghai Zhang, Na Feng, Tiecheng Wang, Hongmei Wang, Hongbin He, Yongkun Zhao, Songtao Yang, Xianzhu Xia, Yuwei Gao
Summary: Wild aquatic birds are the primary hosts of H13 avian influenza viruses, and this study analyzed the genetic characteristics of two strains isolated from wild birds in China. It was found that both strains can efficiently replicate in poultry cells and mammalian cells. In vivo experiments showed that the viruses can infect specific pathogen-free chickens and mice, with one strain demonstrating a higher replication ability in chickens. However, they do not replicate well in turkeys and quails. The study also identified a positive antibody rate against H13 AIVs in farm chickens, indicating a potential risk of transmission from wild aquatic birds to poultry or mammals in the future.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yuting Xu, Ling Tang, Xiaojun Gu, Shunqi Bo, Le Ming, Min Ma, Chenyao Zhao, Kaibo Sun, Yuyi Liu, Guimei He
Summary: The H4 subtype of avian influenza viruses is widely distributed among wild birds. This study conducted surveillance and genetic analysis of H4N2 viruses in Shanghai. The results showed that H4N2 viruses have diverse genotypes and genetic characteristics in wild birds, highlighting the importance of comprehensive monitoring in both poultry and wild birds.
Article
Microbiology
Lina Jiang, Jiaming Li, Huan Cui, Cheng Zhang, Yifei Jin, Yingying Fu, Ningning Ma, Fei Tang, Yidun Zhang, Jing Zheng, Li Li, Bing Lu, Zehui Chen, Zhendong Guo, Zhongyi Wang
Summary: A strain of the H11N3 avian influenza virus was isolated from poultry feces in the live poultry market in the southeast coastal region of China. Genetic analysis revealed its close relationship with duck H7N2 and H4N6. The virus was found to directly infect mice without adaptation and efficiently transmit through the respiratory tract in guinea pig models. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring rare influenza virus subtypes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Wanhong Xu, Roberto Navarro-Lopez, Mario Solis-Hernandez, Francisco Liljehult-Fuentes, Miguel Molina-Montiel, Maria Lagunas-Ayala, Marisol Rocha-Martinez, Eduardo Ferrara-Tijera, Juan Perez de la Rosa, Yohannes Berhane
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus, revealing its origin from the North American wild bird gene pool and current circulation in poultry populations of Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Taiwan. The highly pathogenic H5N2 virus was eradicated from Mexican poultry in 1995, but the low pathogenic H5N2 virus continued to circulate and evolve into five distinct clades. The study highlights the importance of vaccine updates and continued molecular monitoring of the HA protein for antigenic changes.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mamoona Chaudhry, Hamad Bin Rashid, Michael Thrusfield, Mark C. Eisler, Susan C. Welburn
Summary: In rural areas of Pakistan, there is a high seroprevalence of avian influenzas in backyard poultry, with most poultry being raised for egg/meat production and primarily in a semi-caged system. Continuous surveillance of backyard poultry is necessary to reduce the risk of avian influenza in the country.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Roberto Navarro-Lopez, Wanhong Xu, Ninnet Gomez-Romero, Lauro Velazquez-Salinas, Yohannes Berhane
Summary: The H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus has been persisting in Mexican poultry since 2012 and its detection has expanded to 18 states in Mexico. This study used a phylogenetic approach to uncover the transmission pathways of the 2022 H7N3 HPAIVs in Northern Mexico. The results identified different genetic backgrounds and highlighted the importance of biosafety measures and active surveillance in controlling and eliminating the virus.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Kelsey Briggs, Darrell R. Kapczynski
Summary: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) primarily exist in migratory waterfowl, but many of these viruses have the ability to jump from birds to mammals. This study compared the mutations in the PB2 gene of different AIV subtypes in different species and found that these mutations are common in human viruses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Li-Mei Chen, Ruben O. Donis, David L. Suarez, David E. Wentworth, Richard Webby, Othmar G. Engelhardt, David E. Swayne
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mamoona Chaudhry, Richard Webby, David Swayne, Hamad Bin Rashid, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, Lindsay Killmaster, Miria Ferreira Criado, Dong-Hun Lee, Ashley Webb, Shumaila Yousaf, Muhammad Asif, Qurat ul Ain, Mirwaise Khan, Muhammad Ilyas Khan, Saima Hasan, Arfat Yousaf, Abida Mushtaque, Syeda Fakhra Bokhari, Muhammad Sajid Hasni
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Joseph T. Hicks, Dong-Hun Lee, Venkata R. Duvuuri, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Swayne, Justin Bahl
Article
Microbiology
Muhammad Rafique, Robert F. Potter, Aura Ferreiro, Meghan A. Wallace, Abdul Rahim, Akbar Ali Malik, Naila Siddique, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Alaric W. D'Souza, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Naeem Ali, Gautam Dantas
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Virology
Miria Ferreira Criado, Mariana Sa e Silva, Dong-Hun Lee, Carolina Alves de Lima Salge, Erica Spackman, Ruben Donis, Xiu-Feng Wan, David E. Swayne
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Saba Farooq, Aamer Ali Shah, Naila Siddique, Saba Rafique, Adeela Sharif, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Khalid Naeem
Summary: The study confirmed the biological characteristics of a field isolate of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) using PCR and found that it exhibited a limited dissemination pattern confined to the respiratory tract.
PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Miria F. Criado, Kira A. Moresco, David E. Stallknecht, David E. Swayne
Summary: Wild aquatic birds are natural reservoirs of low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs). Gull-origin LPAIVs predominantly cause respiratory infections in laughing gulls, while mallard-origin LPAIVs are primarily transmitted through water contamination in mallards. Further studies are needed to confirm these transmission patterns for LPAIVs in different bird species.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Naila Siddique, Abdullah Shah, Abdul Rahim, Saba Rafique, Abbas Khan, Midrarullah, Sikandar Khan, Farooq Rashid, Yi Hui, Muhammad Suleman
Summary: A single-tube multiplex PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect major avian bacterial pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella, MS, and MG. This assay allows rapid, specific, and simultaneous detection of these pathogenic species in poultry samples, enhancing diagnostic procedures in poultry laboratories.
Article
Virology
Syeda Sumera Naqvi, Nazish Bostan, Katsuhiko Fukai, Qurban Ali, Kazuki Morioka, Tatsuya Nishi, Muhammad Abubakar, Zaheer Ahmed, Sadia Sattar, Sundus Javed, Aamira Tariq, Asma Sadiq
Summary: This study reconstructed the evolutionary history of FMDV serotype A and one of its sub-lineages prevalent in Pakistan. Recombination patterns and natural selection acting on the serotype A genomes were estimated. Source and transmission routes in Pakistan were inferred.
Article
Microbiology
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda Bertram, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Ian Fish, Umer Farooq, Zaheer Ahmed, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Khalid Naeem, Luis Rodriguez, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: This article reports on the near full genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O and serotype A obtained from outbreaks in Pakistan between 2011 and 2012. The scarcity of full-length FMDV sequences from this region enhances the importance of these genomes for understanding regional molecular epidemiology.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda Bertram, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Ian Fish, Umer Farooq, Zaheer Ahmed, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Khalid Naeem, Luis Rodriguez, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: We have reported the nearly full genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates of serotypes A and O from subclinically infected Asian buffalo in Pakistan. These sequences, obtained from animals with no clinical symptoms, are rare and provide additional information to the commonly available sequences from clinical cases.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zaheer Ahmed, Lauro Velazquez-Salinas, Frank N. Mwiine, Kimberly Vander Waal, Elizabeth Rieder
Summary: Complete coding genome sequences of five foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O strains from Uganda revealed five lineages within the EA-2 topotype circulating in four different regions. The genomic diversity may contribute to the development of FMDV control strategies in Uganda.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andrew A. Clark, Samah Eid, Mohamed K. Hassan, Kip Carter, David E. Swayne
Summary: This study developed a safe contained poultry slaughter procedure to reduce airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza and zoonotic infections. The study also created an educational outreach tool using posters and handouts to teach the modified procedure. The involvement of target audience women's focus groups ensured the effectiveness and cultural appropriateness of the outreach tool. The safe contained poultry slaughter procedure is cost-effective, sustainable, and culturally and religiously acceptable.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Miria F. Criado, Aemro Kassa, Kateri Bertran, Jung-Hoon Kwon, Mariana Sa e Silva, Lindsay Killmaster, Ted M. Ross, Teshome Mebatsion, David E. Swayne
Summary: This study developed multivalent recombinant herpesvirus vaccines that can simultaneously control highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and other viral infections.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rida Haroon Durrani, Ali Ahmad Sheikh, Masood Rabbani, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz, Muhammad Anas Naeem, Salman Ashraf Chattha, Aleena Kokab, Munazzah Maqbool, Muhammad Athar Abbas, Naila Siddique
Summary: This study investigated the physiological and population dynamics of avian-adapted Salmonella lytic bacteriophages and found that these phages exhibited strong lytic activity against Salmonella and Typhimurium strains, while showing no activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The findings suggest that lytic phages may serve as a promising alternative in combating multidrug-resistant superbugs.
VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM
(2022)