Article
Biology
Scott M. Anthony, Natalija Van Braeckel-Budimir, Steven J. Moioffer, Stephanie van de Wall, Qiang Shan, Rahul Vijay, Ramakrishna Sompallae, Stacey M. Hartwig, Isaac J. Jensen, Steven M. Varga, Noah S. Butler, Hai-Hui Xue, Vladimir P. Badovinac, John T. Harty
Summary: IAV infection generates Trm CD8(+)T cells in mice, while repeated antigen exposure produces 4M CD8(+)T cells with enhanced protective capacity. Enhanced protection by 4M cells is associated with increased expression of granzyme A/B and stable maintenance of CD69(+)CD103(+) 4M CD8(+)T cells, improving control of viral infections in mLN.
Article
Immunology
Suzanne P. M. Welten, Josua Oderbolz, Vural Yilmaz, Susanna R. Bidgood, Victoria Gould, Jason Mercer, Roman Sporri, Annette Oxenius
Summary: Induction of memory CD8 T cells residing in peripheral tissues is crucial for T cell-based vaccines. Different subsets of memory CD8 T cells patrol peripheral tissues with unique characteristics, but these characteristics do not translate into different capacities to control infections in an antigen-specific manner.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Terri J. Harford, Fariba Rezaee, Briana R. Dye, Jia Fan, Jason R. Spence, Giovanni Piedimonte
Summary: This study reveals that prenatal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can have profound effects on fetal lungs and may serve as an important precursor to chronic airway dysfunction.
Article
Microbiology
Augusto Varese, Joy Nakawesi, Ana Farias, Freja C. M. Kirsebom, Michelle Paulsen, Rinat Nuriev, Cecilia Johansson
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection presents challenges in eliciting protective memory immune responses. This study uses mouse models to investigate the impact of innate immune response determinants on T-RM cell generation and expansion during RSV infection. The results show that impairment of innate immune recognition and induction of type I interferons lead to reduced expansion and functionality of T-RM cells. Interestingly, treatment with interferon-alpha can restore T-RM cell expansion but not functionality. These findings provide insights into the role of innate immunity in regulating T-RM cell responses to RSV infection.
Article
Immunology
Marco Kunzli, Stephen D. O'Flanagan, Madeleine LaRue, Poulami Talukder, Thamotharampillai Dileepan, J. Michael Stolley, Andrew G. Soerens, Clare F. Quarnstrom, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, Yanqi Ye, Justine S. McPartlan, Jason S. Mitchell, Christian W. Mandl, Richard Vile, Marc K. Jenkins, Rafi Ahmed, Vaiva Vezys, Jasdave S. Chahal, David Masopust
Summary: The routes of mRNA vaccination can influence humoral and cell-mediated immunity, with intramuscular vaccination establishing lung TRM and intranasal vaccination augmenting respiratory mucosal immunity. Combining intramuscular vaccination with intranasal boost can achieve high levels of both circulating T cell memory and lung TRM.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Spyridon Makris, Cecilia Johansson
Summary: Innate immune responses are crucial for protecting the neonatal lung, and neonatal lungs respond differently to various innate immune stimuli compared to adult lungs. Specifically, they show a weaker response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) but a stronger response to R848 and influenza virus, possibly due to higher levels of cAMP and enhanced responsiveness to extracellular adenosine. These findings have implications for the development of vaccine adjuvants for neonates.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Tristan W. Clark, Kate R. Beard, Nathan J. Brendish, Ahalya K. Malachira, Samuel Mills, Cathleen Chan, Stephen Poole, Sean Ewings, Nick Cortes, Esther Nyimbili, Laura Presland
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of mPOCT on influenza detection and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. The results showed that the mPOCT group had a higher rate of influenza detection, more timely and appropriate antiviral treatment, and isolation facility use, which contributed to improved clinical outcomes.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Samadhan J. Jadhao, Binh Ha, Courtney McCracken, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Christian Rosas-Salazar, James Chappell, Suman Das, Tina Hartert, Larry J. Anderson
Summary: RSV infection plays a major role in respiratory tract diseases in infants and throughout life. The RSV antibody enzyme-linked immunoassay is sensitive for detecting infant infection, and the two G EIAs can indicate the group of an earlier primary infection.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Justine Oliva, Olivier Terrier
Summary: Respiratory tract infections pose a significant public health problem, with viral-bacterial co-infections playing a key role in the severity of these infections. Understanding the mechanisms of these co-infections at physiological and immunological levels is crucial, as well as exploring the importance of the microbiome and pathological context in the evolution of co-infections.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ping Li, Yan Zhang, Wenlong Shen, Shu Shi, Zhihu Zhao
Summary: In this study, a manually curated database integrating host genetic susceptibility and severity studies of respiratory viruses was developed. The database provides a convenient resource for researchers to browse and retrieve genetic associations with respiratory viruses, potentially inspiring future studies and providing new insights for the understanding and treatment of respiratory virus infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
E. E. Walsh, G. Perez Marc, A. M. Zareba, A. R. Falsey, Q. Jiang, M. Patton, F. P. Polack, C. Llapur, P. A. Doreski, K. Ilangovan, M. Ramet, Y. Fukushima, N. Hussen, L. J. Bont, J. Cardona, E. DeHaan, G. Castillo Villa, M. Ingilizova, D. Eiras, T. Mikati, R. N. Shah, K. Schneider, D. Cooper, K. Koury, M. -M Lino, A. S. Anderson, K. U. Jansen, K. A. Swanson, A. Gurtman, W. C. Gruber, B. Schmoele-Thoma
Summary: The RSVpreF vaccine showed efficacy in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness and RSV-associated acute respiratory illness in adults (>= 60 years of age), with no evident safety concerns.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David L. Rose, Katie L. Reagin, Kimberly E. Oliva, S. Mark Tompkins, Kimberly D. Klonowski
Summary: NK cells play a crucial role in the development of anti-influenza CD8(+) T cell memory, and their removal results in an increase in influenza-specific memory CD8(+) T cells. Protection in NK-deficient animals during primary influenza infection is attributed to rapid reactivation of lung tissue-resident (T-RM) memory cells. Additionally, the development of T-RM is independent of global and NK cell-derived IFN-gamma.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shengwei Jin, Hui An, Tong Zhou, Ting Li, Mengzhen Xie, Saijing Chen, Chengshui Chen, Binyu Ying, Zhangye Xu, Xiaokun Li, Ming Li
Summary: The study revealed diverse clinical and immunological responses to COVID-19 infection based on sex and age categories. Female patients showed milder disease severity, negative associations with inflammatory responses, and liver damage. On the other hand, older patients exhibited compromised immune responses, negative associations with CD8(+) T cell count, but positive associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tal Levinson, Asaf Wasserman, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Ora Halutz, Itzhak Shapira, David Zeltser, Ori Rogowski, Shlomo Berliner, Tomer Ziv-Baran
Summary: This study compared the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) as an indicator of inflammation severity between SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral infections. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 patients had higher CRP levels compared to other viral infections, indicating a higher intensity of inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Julia Niessl, Takuya Sekine, Joshua Lange, Viktoria Konya, Marianne Forkel, Jovana Maric, Anna Rao, Luca Mazzurana, Efthymia Kokkinou, Whitney Weigel, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, Emma B. Hodcroft, Annika C. Karlsson, Johan Fehrm, Joar Sundman, David A. Price, Jenny Mjosberg, Danielle Friberg, Marcus Buggert
Summary: The study found that in individuals who had not been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4(+) T cells were similar in tonsils and peripheral blood, but functional SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8(+) T cells were mostly found in tonsils. This suggests that preexisting tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in unexposed individuals could potentially mount rapid immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
