Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael L. Samulevich, Rambon Shamilov, Brian J. Aneskievich
Summary: Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in keratinocytes, especially those associated with the cornified envelope, demonstrate high levels of intrinsic disorder and potential for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Zhao, Lijun Sun, Qing Yuan, Zhenzhen Hao, Fei An, Wanting Zhang, Xiaoshuang Zhu, Bing Wang
Summary: The absence of BAP31 leads to an enlarged spleen and thymus in mice, accompanied by activated clustering and disrupted differentiation of CD4(+)T cells. In vitro co-culture studies show that the loss of BAP31 increases the expression of antigen presenting molecules, particularly MHC-II, on macrophages. These findings suggest that BAP31 regulates the activation and differentiation of CD4+T cells by modulating MHC class II molecule expression on macrophages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pa-Fan Hsiao, Yi-Ting Huang, Po-Hsuan Lu, Ling-Ya Chiu, Tzu-Han Weng, Chi-Feng Hung, Nan-Lin Wu
Summary: This study investigates the expression and regulation of TXNIP in psoriasis, as well as its role in skin keratinocyte differentiation and EGFR signaling.
Article
Cell Biology
Kyong-Oh Shin, Hisashi Mihara, Kenya Ishida, Yoshikazu Uchida, Kyungho Park
Summary: This study investigates the biological effects of exogenous NP and NDS, widely used as topical ceramide agents, on cultured human keratinocytes. NDS serves as a precursor for diverse ceramide species required for the permeability barrier and enhances differentiation and innate immunity, while NP does not have the same effects.
Article
Biology
Seigo Usuki, Noriko Tamura, Tomohiro Tamura, Kohei Yuyama, Daisuke Mikami, Katsuyuki Mukai, Yasuyuki Igarashi
Summary: Konjac ceramide (kCer) has effects on cell migration and differentiation in HaCaT keratinocytes, mediated by cascade crosstalk between Nrp1 and histamine-GPCR pathways.
Article
Dermatology
Huiting Liu, Biying Qiu, Huan Yang, Wen Zheng, Yingying Luo, Yadan Zhong, Ping Lu, Junyi Chen, Ying Luo, Jun Liu, Bin Yang
Summary: In this study, it was found that AHNAK peptide fragments were enriched in the lesions of PLCA patients, and OSMR mutations led to the elevated expression of AHNAK, which resulted in hyperproliferation and overdifferentiation of keratinocytes. This discovery might provide potential therapeutic targets for PLCA.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Corinne Urwyler-Rosselet, Giel Tanghe, Michael Devos, Paco Hulpiau, Yvan Saeys, Wim Declercq
Summary: Receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPKs) are a family of enzymes that play important roles in integrating stress signals in the skin homeostasis. By activating various signaling pathways, RIPKs regulate the activation of NF-& kappa;B and mitogen-activated protein kinases, influencing processes such as cell death, inflammation, differentiation, and Wnt signaling.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed T. El-Serafi, Ibrahim El-Serafi, Ingrid Steinvall, Folke Sjoberg, Moustafa Elmasry
Summary: Cell regenerative therapy is a modern solution for difficult-to-heal wounds, and the secretions of keratinocytes play an important role in the differentiation of stem cells into keratinocytes. This systematic review found that keratinocyte secretions mainly include cytokines, growth factors, and antimicrobial peptides. Among them, growth factors, especially epidermal growth factor and members of the transforming growth factor family, have a significant impact on the differentiation process. However, most studies focused on the interaction between keratinocytes and inflammation, indicating the need for further research on the nature and regenerative capacities of keratinocyte secretions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kaixuan Ren, Yumin Xia
Summary: Lipocalin 2 plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of psoriatic inflammation by exerting versatile effects on skin resident cells and infiltrating immune cells. Neutralizing lipocalin 2 or relevant cytokines can alleviate psoriasis, highlighting lipocalin 2 as an effective interfering target.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Song Cui, So Young Joo, Seung Yeol Lee, Yoon Soo Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Cheong Hoon Seo
Summary: It is unclear how scar fibroblasts (SFs) affect keratinocytes in hypertrophic scars (HTS) through cell-cell interaction. This study investigated the effects of HTS-derived exosomes on the proliferation and differentiation of normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and compared them with normal fibroblasts (NFs).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Yoko Endo, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Yukiko Ota, Yumiko Akazawa, Tetsuya Sayo, Ushio Hanai, Kotaro Imagawa, Masashi Sasaki, Yoshito Takahashi
Summary: The study investigated the effects of a newly developed inducer, beta-NAG2, on epidermal proliferation and differentiation by increasing HA production. The results showed that beta-NAG2 significantly increased HA production in the skin, leading to accelerated keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, which plays a key role in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
Mao-Qiang Man, Joan S. Wakefield, Theodora M. Mauro, Peter M. Elias
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a regulatory role in epidermal permeability barrier functions, affecting processes such as barrier homeostasis and wound healing. While insufficient NO can lead to disorders like diabetes and hypertension, excessive levels can induce cellular oxidative stress. iNOS remains essential for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eisaku Ogawa, Tomohiro Edamitsu, Hidetaka Ohmori, Kazuyoshi Kohu, Mineo Kurokawa, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Masanobu Satake, Ryuhei Okuyama
Summary: This study reveals the important roles of Runx1 and Runx3 in keratinocyte differentiation, where they directly inhibit the expression of keratin 1 and keratin 10 genes during the differentiation process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Barizah Malik, Iva Vokic, Thomas Mohr, Marle Poppelaars, Martin Holcmann, Philipp Novoszel, Gerald Timelthaler, Thomas Lendl, Dana Krauss, Ulrich Elling, Michael Mildner, Josef M. Penninger, Peter Petzelbauer, Maria Sibilia, Agnes Csiszar
Summary: This study reveals that ILEI protein is highly expressed in psoriatic lesions and plays a key role in the development of psoriasis through the activation of Erk, Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. It also identifies urokinase as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment. Inhibition of urokinase significantly improves psoriasiform symptoms in a mouse model with keratinocyte-specific ILEI overexpression.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Hanxiao Yin, Mingzheng Hu, Dengwen Li
Summary: The epidermis is a barrier in the outermost layer of the skin that protects against pathogens. Basal keratinocytes, acting as stem cells, are crucial for epidermal development and skin damage recovery. Understanding the molecular mechanism of basal keratinocytes in epidermal development and stratification is important for preventing and treating skin lesions.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.