Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nanhua Chen, Shubin Li, Yunfei Tian, Xinshuai Li, Shuai Li, Jixiang Li, Ming Qiu, Zhe Sun, Yanzhao Xiao, Xilin Yan, Hong Lin, Xiuling Yu, Kegong Tian, Shaobin Shang, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: This study focused on developing a consensus sequence of PRRSV2 based on Chinese isolates to create a chimeric virus conferring cross protection and inducing broadly neutralizing antibodies. The results demonstrated the potential of this genetic engineered vaccine in providing enhanced protection against PRRSV.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew Mackeown, Yu-An Kung, Jesse Davila-Calderon, William P. Ford, Le Luo, Barrington Henry, Mei-Ling Li, Gary Brewer, Shin-Ru Shih, Blanton S. Tolbert
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has emphasized the importance of understanding viral mechanisms associated with COVID-19. In this study, the researchers successfully characterized the RNA structures within the 5'UTR of a model coronavirus and generated a 3D model. They found that the RNA structure plays a role in viral translation efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights into viral mechanisms and can contribute to the development of antiviral strategies.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Camille Michiko Obayashi, Yoko Shinohara, Takao Masuda, Gota Kawai
Summary: The 5' -UTR of HIV-1 genomic RNA plays a crucial role in virus function, with different 5' -terminal sequences and structural characteristics affecting translation and reverse transcription reactions. The joint region between the TAR and PolyA stems has been shown to have small differences in the 5' -terminus, impacting the conformational characteristics of stem-loop structures. These findings highlight the importance of local conformation in the function of the 5' -UTR.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philip J. Grayeski, Chase A. Weidmann, Jayashree Kumar, Lela Lackey, Anthony M. Mustoe, Steven Busan, Alain Laederach, Kevin M. Weeks
Summary: SERPINA1 mRNAs encode the protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin and are regulated through post-transcriptional mechanisms. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with COPD and liver cirrhosis, and specific variants in the 5'-UTR are linked to COPD. The structure of the NM_000295.4 5'-UTR plays a role in translation, with disruptions to specific helices affecting translation efficiency. This study shows that the complex folding of the NM_000295.4 5'-UTR promotes accessibility at the translation initiation site, rather than inhibiting translation as previously thought.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Xingyu Pan, Jingrong Zhao, Zhiying Zhou, Jijun Chen, Zhenxing Yang, Yuxuan Wu, Meizhu Bai, Yang Jiao, Yun Yang, Xuye Hu, Tianling Cheng, Qianyun Lu, Bin Wang, Chang-Lin Li, Ying-Jin Lu, Lei Diao, Yan-Qing Zhong, Jing Pan, Jianmin Zhu, Hua-Sheng Xiao, Zi-Long Qiu, Jinsong Li, Zefeng Wang, Jingyi Hui, Lan Bao, Xu Zhang
Summary: The study found that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the FGF13 gene can lead to delayed neuronal migration and weakened learning and memory in children with severe intellectual disabilities.
Article
Virology
Suya Zheng, Han Gu, Guangwei Han, Huiling Xu, Zehui Liu, Ying Lu, Fang He
Summary: MCPIP1 is identified as a host antiviral protein against PRRSV, while PRRSV nsp11 employs IL-17 induction to suppress MCPIP1 expression and counteract its antiviral effects. Mutations in nsp11 can restore MCPIP1 expression, offering a potential strategy for developing attenuated vaccines against PRRSV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hwi-Yeon Choi, Min-Sik Kim, Yeong-Lim Kang, Jong-Chul Choi, In-Yeong Choi, Sung-Won Jung, Ji-Yun Jeong, Min-Chul Kim, Seong-Soo Hwang, Sang-Won Lee, Seung-Yong Park, Chang-Seon Song, In-Soo Choi, Joong-Bok Lee
Summary: In this study, a vaccine candidate against Korean lineage-1 PRRSV was developed using reverse genetics technology. The vaccine showed high serum virus neutralization antibody titers in an animal experiment, indicating its potential as a promising vaccine candidate.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Junyao Xiong, Xingyang Cui, Kuan Zhao, Qian Wang, Xinyi Huang, Dongyan Li, Fang Yu, Yongbo Yang, Di Liu, Zhijun Tian, Xuehui Cai, Tongqing An
Summary: This study identified key replication factors of PRRSV and suggested that mutations in HP-PRRSV and L1 PRRSV contribute to their enhanced replicative ability.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jinchao Xing, Youyue Zhang, Ziying Lin, Lele Liu, Qiang Xu, Jiaqi Liang, Zhaoxia Yuan, Cuiqin Huang, Ming Liao, Wenbao Qi
Summary: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important pathogen causing fatal neurological disease, and the study found that mutations in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of different JEV strains can affect viral proliferation and pathogenicity. These findings highlight the crucial role of the 3'UTR in JEV life cycle and provide valuable insights for the development of candidate vaccines and virus production.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhichao Miao, Antonin Tidu, Gilbert Eriani, Franck Martin
Summary: The 5'UTR of SARS-CoV-2 contains stable structures, including a very stable four-way junction close to the AUG start codon. Sequence alignment analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants' 5'UTRs revealed a highly conserved structure with few co-variations, confirming the secondary structure model based on probing experiments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liqing Ye, Anne-Sophie Gribling-Burrer, Patrick Bohn, Anuja Kibe, Charlene Boertlein, Uddhav B. Ambi, Shazeb Ahmad, Marco Olguin-Nava, Maureen Smith, Neva Caliskan, Max von Kleist, Redmond P. Smyth
Summary: RNA dimerization plays a crucial role in the HIV-1 life cycle and genome packaging. Using FARS-seq, we identified important nucleotides and distinct structural conformations in the HIV-1 5' UTR that regulate the dimerization process. Our findings provide insights into the late stages of HIV-1 life cycle and unravel the mechanistic link between RNA dimerization, Pr55Gag binding, and genome packaging.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Qionglian Wan, Kaiyue Zheng, Jian Wu, Shan Bu, Mengting Jiao, Huijie Zhou, Yuwen Lu, Hongying Zheng, Guanwei Wu, Shaofei Rao, Hairu Chen, Fei Yan, Jiejun Peng
Summary: A new isolate of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) was discovered and analyzed in Solanum nigrum L. from southwest China. Comparison with other isolates and recombination analyses revealed a recombinant origin for this isolate. The additional 15 nucleotides in the 5'UTR were found to be crucial for infection by this isolate.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kaixin Lyu, Shuo-Bin Chen, Eugene Yui-Ching Chow, Haizhou Zhao, Jia-Hao Yuan, Meng Cai, Jiahai Shi, Ting-Fung Chan, Jia-Heng Tan, Chun Kit Kwok
Summary: RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structure in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of ADAR1 mRNA has been identified and characterized. This structure functions as an inhibitory element in translation and interacts with the helicase DHX36 to modulate translation. These findings illustrate the significance of the rG4 structure in controlling ADAR1 translation.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Jennifer S. H. Im, Jasmine R. Sheppard, K. Andrew White
Summary: Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a segmented positive-strand RNA virus consisting of RNA1 and RNA2. Efficient translation of RCNMV RNA2 requires de novo synthesis of RNA2 during infections, and its replication is necessary for translation. The 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of RNA2 contains structural elements that can adopt alternative conformations to regulate translation and replication. The alternative conformation with unpaired 5'-terminal nucleotides mediates efficient translation, while the more stable 5'-basal stem structure (5' BS) suppresses translation and confers stability to RNA2.
Article
Biophysics
Robert J. Blakemore, Cleo Burnett, Canessa Swanson, Siarhei Kharytonchyk, Alice Telesnitsky, James B. Munro
Summary: Through fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and single-molecule Forster resonance energy transfer imaging, we demonstrated that 5'UTRs from two different HIV-1 subtypes form kissing dimers (KDs) with divergent stabilities. Furthermore, both 5'UTRs convert to a stable dimer in the presence of the viral NC protein, adopting a conformation consistent with extensive intermolecular contacts. These results provide support for a unified model in which the genomes of diverse HIV-1 strains adopt an extended dimer (ED) conformation.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
