Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda de Oliveira Lopes, Pedro do Nascimento Marinho, Leticia d'Ambrosio de Souza Medeiros, Vanessa Salete de Paula
Summary: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a virus containing oncogenes and proteins that play a crucial role in regulating cellular functions and leading to Kaposi's sarcoma. Some of these genes have the potential to be therapeutic targets for Kaposi's sarcoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yuan Fang, Wenli Li, Ying Zhang, Chang Zhou, Huanwu Wu, Yiting Zhang, Tao Dai, Jinzhi Wang, Lei Wang, Tongqing Chen, Yulin Zhu, Linding Wang
Summary: The seroprevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is high in Gansu, China, especially among certain ethnic groups and syphilis patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Xin Zhang, Qiwen Fang, Sibo Zhu, Xuefu Wu, Huangbo Yuan, Zhenqiu Liu, Yiyun Xu, Tao Chen, Yan Zeng, Tiejun Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the genetic and environmental predisposing factors for KSHV infection among the Uygur population in Xinjiang, China. The findings revealed that sweet-food preference, coronary heart disease, and genetic variation in HLA-DQB1*06:09 were strongly associated with KSHV infection.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Lindsey Barrett, Lu Dai, Shanzhi Wang, Zhiqiang Qin
Summary: This article summarizes how KSHV utilizes extracellular vesicles (EVs) to create favorable environments for viral spread and persistence while evading immune responses. EVs play a significant role in the development and function of the immune system.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Chen, Jiangtao Chen, Yuqing Li, Dawei Liu, Yan Zeng, Zheng Tian, Akbar Yunus, Yong Yang, Jie Lu, Xinghua Song, Yan Yuan
Summary: The prevalence of KSHV infection is significantly elevated in Uyghur osteosarcoma patients, with the virus being associated with some osteosarcomas. The study suggests that KSHV infection is a risk factor for osteosarcoma, representing a newly identified viral-associated endemic cancer.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yuki Iwaisako, Tadashi Watanabe, Mizuki Hanajiri, Yuichi Sekine, Masahiro Fujimuro
Summary: The KSHV ORF7 plays a key role in viral replication by regulating capsid formation, maintaining viral production, and promoting lytic replication through interactions with other terminase components.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mizuho Kajikawa, Nanae Imaizumi, Shiho Machii, Tomoka Nakamura, Nana Harigane, Minako Kimura, Kei Miyano, Satoshi Ishido, Taisei Kanamoto
Summary: KSHV utilizes E3 ubiquitin ligases K3 and K5 to downregulate antigen-presenting molecules and NK cell ligands, evading cytotoxic lymphocytes and NK cells. This study revealed that K5 downregulates iota-selectin expression through ubiquitination-dependent endocytosis, indicating a novel immune evasion mechanism.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tate Tabtieng, Rachel C. Lent, Machika Kaku, Alvaro Monago Sanchez, Marta Maria Gaglia
Summary: Type I interferons play a crucial role in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Viruses have developed strategies to suppress the production of type I interferons, and apoptotic caspases have emerged as important regulators of type I interferon signaling. This study reveals that caspase activity inhibits the DNA sensor cGAS during KSHV infection, blocking the antiviral type I interferon response. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of viral immune evasion and can inform targeted therapeutic strategies for viral infections.
Review
Oncology
Aude Jary, Marianne Veyri, Adelie Gothland, Valentin Leducq, Vincent Calvez, Anne-Genevieve Marcelin
Summary: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is an oncogenic virus with a complex structure and genome, contributing to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma through a combination of lytic and latent phases. The virus encodes various oncogenic proteins that modulate cellular pathways to promote characteristics of cancer, such as inhibition of apoptosis, proliferation stimulation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immune escape. Variations in seroprevalence and transmission routes worldwide play a role in the differing epidemiological forms of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Article
Virology
Coral Orel Haddad, Inna Kalt, Yehuda Shovman, Lei Xia, Yehuda Schlesinger, Ronit Sarid, Oren Parnas
Summary: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a transforming gammaherpesvirus with lifelong infection. CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers a novel strategy for targeting viral genes in KSHV, with findings showing that KSHV episomes can be targeted by CRISPR-Cas9. Furthermore, antibiotic selection may interfere with the outcome of targeting KSHV genomes.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jinchuan Shi, Gaoxiang Ying, Zhongdong Zhang
Summary: In the treatment of AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, the reconstitution of immune function and consecutive chemotherapy with doxorubicin liposome are crucial. Early recognition and histopathological verification of general symptoms such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic purple papules in AIDS patients are necessary to achieve early diagnosis of KS and timely clinical intervention.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yujun Liu, Yuan-Chuan Chen, Bin Yan, Fenyong Liu
Summary: In this study, ribozymes derived from RNase P catalytic RNA were engineered to target the mRNA encoding KSHV RTA. The functional ribozyme F-RTA efficiently sliced the RTA mRNA and suppressed KSHV production and gene expression. This study demonstrates the potential of RNase P ribozymes as a therapy against KSHV.
Article
Microbiology
Kyle L. Jung, Un Yung Choi, Angela Park, Suan-Sin Foo, Stephanie Kim, Shin-Ae Lee, Jae U. Jung
Summary: This study presents a spontaneous lytic replication model of KSHV using three-dimensional oral epithelial organoid culture. Unlike traditional two-dimensional cell culture, this three-dimensional model successfully replicates the infection and replication behavior of KSHV in the oral cavity. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals significant host gene expression changes induced by KSHV infection.
Review
Oncology
Sophie Grabar, Dominique Costagliola
Summary: An air mattress is a non-breathable sleeping aid commonly used for camping or guests' accommodation.
Article
Virology
Qinqin Sun, Fan Wang, Qingyang Chen, Ronit Sarid, Xiaojuan Li, Ersheng Kuang
Summary: The lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is enhanced by ORF45, which upregulates the expression of ATF4 and LAMP3, leading to reprogrammed cellular transcription and translation that supports viral protein production.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Meghan T. Turner, Mathew N. Geltzeiler, Jad Ramadan, Jessica M. Moskovitz, Robert L. Ferris, Eric W. Wang, Seungwon Kim
Summary: The study demonstrated the feasibility of using the nasoseptal flap to reconstruct lateral transoral robotic surgery oropharyngectomy defects, with controlled operative times and complications. Preoperative imaging analysis can help determine the likelihood of surgical success in patients.
Letter
Oncology
Robert L. Ferris, Barbara Burtness, Yael Flamand
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Robert L. Ferris, Yael Flamand, Gregory S. Weinstein, Shuli Li, Harry Quon, Ranee Mehra, Joaquin J. Garcia, Christine H. Chung, Maura L. Gillison, Umamaheswar Duvvuri, Bert W. O'Malley, Enver Ozer, Giovana R. Thomas, Wayne M. Koch, Neil D. Gross, R. Bryan Bell, Nabil F. Saba, Miriam Lango, Eduardo Mendez, Barbara Burtness
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of primary transoral surgery (TOS) and reduced postoperative radiation therapy (RT) in intermediate-risk patients with human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx cancer (HPV+ OPC). The results showed that TOS and reduced RT achieved favorable oncologic outcomes and functional outcomes in intermediate-risk HPV+ OPC patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hu Zhang, Douglas K. Fischer, Masahiro Shuda, Patrick S. Moore, Shou-Jiang Gao, Zandrea Ambrose, Haitao Guo
Summary: Two SARS-CoV-2 minigenome replicon systems, IVT-CoV2-Rep and BAC-CoV2-Rep, have been developed for research on SARS-CoV-2 virology and antiviral discovery. IVT-CoV2-Rep demonstrates rapid and transient replication in various cell lines, which can be inhibited by known SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitors. BAC-CoV2-Rep exhibits a stronger and longer replicon signal, and a portion of the signal shows resistance to antiviral treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Bizunesh Abere, Hongzhao Zhou, Masahiro Shuda, Donna B. Stolz, Kyle Rapchak, Patrick S. Moore, Yuan Chang
Summary: We report a new recombinase-mediated MCV minicircle (MCVmc) system that allows for easy genetic manipulation and characterization of viral gene expression kinetics during MCV replication. Our findings reveal that MCV has multiple self-encoded viral restriction mechanisms to promote viral latency over lytic replication.
Article
Oncology
Huaibin Ge, Robert L. Ferris, Jing H. Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamic changes of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in peripheral blood and tumor tissue of patients with cetuximab-treated HNSCC. The expansion of top TCR clonotypes in responder PBMC and TIL samples may serve as predictive markers for cetuximab response in HNSCCs. Data normalization is important for TCR repertoire analysis.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Wen Meng, Siying Guo, Simon Cao, Masahiro Shuda, Lindsey R. Robinson-McCarthy, Kevin R. McCarthy, Yoko Shuda, Alberto E. Paniz Mondolfi, Clare Bryce, Zachary Grimes, Emilia M. Sordillo, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Pengfei Li, Hu Zhang, Stanley Perlman, Haitao Guo, Shou-Jiang Gao, Yuan Chang, Patrick S. Moore
Summary: A rat monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 protein was developed for functional studies. The expression of NSP12 was found to be limited in COVID-19 lung samples and in vitro infected cells, possibly due to diminished steady-state expression or extensive posttranslation modifications during SARS-CoV-2 replication.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Emily J. Koubek, Jillian S. Weissenrieder, Luz E. Ortiz, Nnenna Nwogu, Alexander M. Pham, J. Dylan Weissenkampen, Jessie L. Reed, Jeffrey D. Neighbors, Raymond J. Hohl, Hyun Jin Kwun
Summary: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive form of skin cancer caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). A recent study found that schweinfurthin compounds can selectively inhibit MCPyV-infected cancer cell lines and induce apoptosis. This discovery suggests a promising new therapeutic option for virus-induced MCC.
Review
Immunology
Corey Casper, Lawrence Corey, Jeffrey Cohen, Blossom Damania, Anne A. Gershon, David C. Kaslow, Laurie T. Krug, Jeffrey Martin, Sam M. Mbulaiteye, Edward S. Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Javier Gordon Ogembo, Warren Phipps, Denise Whitby, Charles Wood
Summary: This article summarizes the epidemiology and biology of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) as an overlooked but potentially vaccine-preventable infection. The unique epidemiology of this virus provides opportunities to prevent its cancers if an effective, inexpensive, and well-tolerated vaccine can be developed and delivered.
Article
Oncology
Marco A. Mascarella, Tolani F. Olonisakin, Purva Rumde, Varun Vendra, Melonie A. Nance, Seungwon Kim, Mark W. Kubik, Shaum S. Sridharan, Robert L. Ferris, Moon J. Fenton, Daniel R. Clayburgh, James P. Ohr, Sonali C. Joyce, Malabika Sen, James G. Herman, Jennifer R. Grandis, Dan P. Zandberg, Umamaheswa Duvvuri
Summary: A study investigated the relationship between response to neoadjuvant therapy and survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The analysis showed that patients who received targeted therapy had lower pathological stage migration and higher overall survival. The study also found a correlation between downstage migration and decreased levels of circulating tumor markers SOX17 and TAC1.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Robert I. Haddad, Kevin Harrington, Makoto Tahara, Robert L. Ferris, Maura Gillison, Jerome Fayette, Amaury Daste, Piotr Koralewski, Bogdan Zurawski, Miren Taberna, Nabil F. Saba, Milena Mak, Andrzej Kawecki, Gustavo Girotto, Miguel Angel Alvarez Avitia, Caroline Even, Joaquin Gabriel Reinoso Toledo, Alexander Guminski, Urs Muller-Richter, Naomi Kiyota, Mustimbo Roberts, Tariq Aziz Khan, Karen Miller-Moslin, Li Wei, Athanassios Argiris
Summary: In patients with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN), first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not show a significant difference in overall survival compared to the standard treatment. However, there may be some advantages in certain populations, and it has a better safety profile.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexander M. Pham, Luz E. Ortiz, Aron E. Lukacher, Hyun Jin Kwun
Summary: Senescent cells accumulate during aging and are linked to age-related diseases, including cancer. However, the role of senescence in virus-induced human cancer is not well understood. This study reveals that in human skin fibroblasts infected with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), the expression of MCPyV large T (LT) antigen triggers a novel nucleolar stress response, leading to p21-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) that are necessary for MCPyV genome maintenance. Senolytic and navitoclax treatments reduce senescence and MCPyV genome levels, suggesting potential therapeutic strategies for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) prevention. These findings provide insights into the host stress response mechanism regulating viral persistence and offer new possibilities for targeted intervention in MCC.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon Cao, Michael J. Jurczak, Yoko Shuda, Rui Sun, Masahiro Shuda, Yuan Chang, Patrick S. Moore
Summary: The study found that a single amino acid substitution called 4E-BP1(S82D) in mice can lead to decreased glucose tolerance, suggesting that glucose metabolism may be regulated by CDK1 4E-BP1 phosphorylation independent of mTOR, and cycling cells that transit mitosis play an unexpected role in diabetic glucose control.
Article
Virology
Arun Das, Wen Meng, Zhentao Liu, Md Musaddaqul Hasib, Hugh Galloway, Suzane Ramos da Silva, Luping Chen, Gabriel L. Sica, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Clare Bryce, Zachary Grimes, Emilia M. Sordillo, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Karla Paniagua Rivera, Mario Flores, Yu-Chiao Chiu, Yufei Huang, Shou-Jiang Gao
Summary: In this study, the spatial single-cell molecular and cellular features of postmortem COVID-19 lung tissues were investigated, revealing pathological changes including reduced alveolar cells, increased immune cells, and regions with high infection rates correlated with high cell densities.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ayana T. Ruffin, Housaiyin Li, Lazar Vujanovic, Dan P. Zandberg, Robert L. Ferris, Tullia C. Bruno
Summary: Targeted immunotherapy has improved survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but new immunotherapies considering the entire HNSCC tumour microenvironment are needed to enhance T cell responses. Recent advancements have provided a comprehensive understanding of the cellular constituents and interactions within the complex HNSCC microenvironment.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2023)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.