Article
Microbiology
Izabela Mauricio de Rezende, Gabriela Fernanda Garcia Oliveira, Thais Alkifeles Costa, Aslam Khan, Leonardo Soares Pereira, Tayrine Araujo Santos, Pedro Augusto Alves, Carlos Eduardo Calzavara-Silva, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Betania Paiva Drumond
Summary: Prior studies have shown that yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA can be detected in saliva and urine as an alternative to serum. In this study, urine samples collected from yellow fever (YF) patients during acute and convalescent phases of YF infection were tested for YFV RNA. The results indicated the presence of YFV RNA in both the acute and convalescent phase samples, suggesting a prolonged period of detection beyond the viremic phase. Genotyping analysis revealed the presence of YFV South American I genotype in these samples. The use of urine samples, along with serological tests, epidemiologic inquiry, and clinical assessment, could provide a longer diagnostic window for laboratory YF diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jolynne Mokaya, Derick Kimathi, Teresa Lambe, George M. Warimwe
Summary: Yellow fever remains a global health threat, with efforts to eliminate it by vaccinating one billion people at risk by 2026. The current vaccine provides good protection, but production challenges limit its use, leading to exploration of alternative dosing strategies. Understanding immune responses to vaccination and exploring antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity are important for developing a comprehensive understanding of protective immunity.
Article
Virology
Wang Dong, Huiyuan Jing, Haihua Wang, Sufang Cao, Yanting Sun, Yan Zhang, Huifang Lv
Summary: In this study, it was found that CSFV NS4B inhibits the expression of IL-8 by interacting with MAVS and blocking the activation of IRF3 and NF-kappa B pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Borowska, Hanna Winiarska, Marzena Dworacka, Anna Wesolowska, Grzegorz Dworacki, Przemyslaw Lukasz Mikolajczak
Summary: The study demonstrates that high concentrations of homocysteine can affect the progression of atherosclerosis by influencing the secretion of cytokines by PBMNCs.
Article
Virology
Milene S. S. Ferreira, Jorge R. R. Sousa, Pedro S. Bezerra Junior, Valiria D. Cerqueira, Carlos A. A. Oliveira Junior, Gabriela R. C. Rivero, Paulo H. G. Castro, Gilmara A. A. Silva, Jose Augusto P. C. Muniz, Eliana V. P. da Silva, Samir M. M. Casseb, Carla Pagliari, Livia C. Martins, Robert B. B. Tesh, Juarez A. S. Quaresma, Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
Summary: This study investigates the virological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in squirrel monkeys infected with yellow fever virus. The virus shows a preference for the middle zone of the liver and leads to jaundice, subcapsular hemorrhagic multifocal petechiae, apoptosis, necrosis, steatosis, and cellular edema. The immune response involves the expression of various markers, cytokines, and Treg cells.
Article
Microbiology
Madina Rasulova, Thomas Vercruysse, Jasmine Paulissen, Catherina Coun, Vanessa Suin, Leo Heyndrickx, Ji Ma, Katrien Geerts, Jolien Timmermans, Niraj Mishra, Li-Hsin Li, Dieudonne Buh Kum, Lotte Coelmont, Steven Van Gucht, Hadi Karimzadeh, Julia Thorn-Seshold, Simon Rothenfusser, Kevin K. Arien, Johan Neyts, Kai Dallmeier, Hendrik Jan Thibaut
Summary: Fast and accurate detection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against yellow fever virus (YFV) is crucial for yellow fever serodiagnosis, outbreak surveillance, and monitoring of vaccine efficacy. The classical plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) remains the gold standard for measuring YFV nAbs, but it has limitations in throughput and labor intensity. In this study, we introduce a novel fluorescence-based serum neutralization test (SNTFLUO) with equally high sensitivity and specificity, suitable for high-throughput testing and potential clinical use. Additionally, we present SNTFLUO assays for Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and dengue viruses, offering new possibilities for differential diagnostics.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi, Farzad Shidfar, Sepideh Khodaverdi, Tahereh Arablou, Sahel Heidari, Nesa Rashidi, Ali-Akbar Delbandi
Summary: Resveratrol treatment significantly reduced the expression of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES in endometrial stromal cells from patients with endometriosis, with a more noticeable reduction in ectopic cells compared to eutopic cells.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marina Luise Viola Azevedo, Aline Cristina Zanchettin, Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula, Jarbas da Silva Motta Junior, Mineia Alessandra Scaranello Malaquias, Sonia Mara Raboni, Plinio Cezar Neto, Rafaela Chiuco Zeni, Amanda Prokopenko, Nicolas Henrique Borges, Thiago Mateus Godoy, Ana Paula Kubaski Benevides, Daiane Gavlik de Souza, Cristina Pellegrino Baena, Cleber Machado-Souza, Lucia de Noronha
Summary: By comparing post-mortem lung samples from patients who died of severe COVID-19 and H1N1pdm09 infection, it was found that the H1N1 group showed an increase in tissue expression of IL-8/IL-17A and a higher number of neutrophils. There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype frequencies in the IL17A gene between the two groups. However, in SNP rs3819025 (G/A), the G allele may be considered a risk allele in patients who died from COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Divya P. Shinde, Jessica A. Plante, Kenneth S. Plante, Scott C. Weaver
Summary: This review discusses the roles of animal models and arthropod vector studies in understanding the epidemic emergence of yellow fever virus (YFV). YFV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and South America, causing an estimated 30,000 deaths annually. Despite a highly successful vaccine, coverage is incomplete, and there is no approved treatment for YFV infection.
Article
Virology
Isa Cristina Ribeiro Piauilino, Raillon Keven dos Santos Souza, Mauricio Teixeira Lima, Yanka Karolinna Batista Rodrigues, Luis Felipe Alho da Silva, Ayrton Sena Gouveia, Alexandre Vilhena da Silva Neto, Barbara Aparecida Chaves, Maria das Gracas Costa Alecrim, Camila Helena Aguiar Botto de Menezes, Marcia da Costa Castilho, Djane Clarys Baia-da-Silva, Flor Ernestina Martinez Espinosa, Marcos Vinicius Da Silva Pone, Sheila Moura Pone
Summary: Pregnant women infected with the Zika virus have immunity against the yellow fever virus. However, the presence of yellow fever virus antibodies does not provide protection against severe adverse outcomes from Zika virus exposure in the uterus.
Article
Microbiology
Michael P. Doyle, Joseph R. Genualdi, Adam L. Bailey, Nurgun Kose, Christopher Gainza, Jessica Rodriguez, Kristen M. Reeder, Christopher A. Nelson, Prashant N. Jethva, Rachel E. Sutton, Robin G. Bombardi, Michael L. Gross, Justin G. Julander, Daved H. Fremont, Michael S. Diamond, James E. Crowe
Summary: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that occasionally causes outbreaks of severe infection in South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Effective vaccines have been developed, but recent production and distribution issues have left many people vulnerable. This study aimed to isolate an antibody from individuals who had received the YFV vaccine for future use as a biologic drug. The most powerful antiviral antibody was found to be effective in animal models of human infection. These studies provide insights into the human immune response to YFV and offer a potential therapeutic antibody candidate for inhibiting highly virulent strains of the virus.
Article
Immunology
Hao-Long Dong, Hong-Jiang Wang, Zhong-Yu Liu, Qing Ye, Xiao-Ling Qin, Dan Li, Yong-Qiang Deng, Tao Jiang, Xiao-Feng Li, Cheng-Feng Qin
Summary: The research team developed a reporter yellow fever 17D virus expressing nano-luciferase, successfully establishing a series of mouse models for evaluating antiviral drugs and new vaccine candidates. Especially, infection of this virus in mice lacking type I interferon receptors resulted in outcomes resembling yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease and neurotropic disease.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Mariana Santana Passos, Rodrigo Kato, Alvaro Salgado, Joilson Xavier, Arun Kumar Jaiswal, Siomar C. Soares, Vasco Azevedo, Marta Giovanetti, Sandeep Tiwari, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
Summary: Yellow fever is a re-emerging major health issue causing recent outbreaks with high mortality rates, mainly affecting tropical countries in Africa and South America. The development of a multi-epitope vaccine for Yellow fever virus using immunoinformatics approaches shows potential in stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses, making it a candidate for further experimental validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico, Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhaes, Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-dos-Reis, Elaine Spezialli Faria, Betania Paiva Drumond, Izabela Mauricio de Rezende, Janaina Fonseca Almeida, Roberta Barros da Silva, Josiane Dias Gusmao, Eva Lidia Arcoverde Medeiros, Regina Coeli Magalhaes Rodrigues, Jose Geraldo Leite Ribeiro, Maira Alves Pereira, Marcos Vinicius Ferreira Silva, Marilia Lima Cruz Rocha, Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino, Felipe Campos de Melo Iani, Glauco Carvalho Pereira, Eder Gatti Fernandes, Maria Auxiliadora-Martins, Valeria Valim, Matheus de Souza Gomes, Laurence Rodrigues Amaral, Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano, Daniel Garkauskas Ramos, Sandra Maria Deotti Carvalho, Francieli Fontana Sutile Tardetti Fantinato, Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo Said, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
Summary: In this study, serum biomarkers were quantified in suspected cases of adverse events following yellow fever immunization, proposing a reliable laboratory algorithm to discriminate confirmed YEL-AEFI from other illnesses. Certain biomarkers demonstrated the ability to distinguish between different classes of cases, showing promise for differential diagnosis.
Article
Virology
Marycelin M. Baba, Khalid M. Yahaya, Emmanuel M. Ezra, Musa Adamu, Bulama M. Kulloma, Mayomi Ikusemoran, John P. Momoh, Bamidele S. Oderinde
Summary: The study revealed that immunity against Yellow Fever in Nigeria is relatively high, but there is still a population at risk of epidemics due to lack of vaccination. It is crucial to target individuals aged 20 and above during mass vaccination campaigns to prevent recurring epidemics.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pathology
David X. Liu, Timothy K. Cooper, Donna L. Perry, Louis M. Huzella, Amanda M. W. Hischak, Randy J. Hart, Nejra Isic, Russell Byrum, Danny Ragland, Marisa St Claire, Kurt Cooper, Rebecca Reeder, James Logue, Peter B. Jahrling, Michael R. Holbrook, Richard S. Bennett, Lisa E. Hensley
Summary: The study found that Ebola virus can cause various reproductive organ diseases and replicates in other organs as well, providing new perspectives on sexual transmission, disruption of hormone production, and early virus replication in human EVD patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark N. Polizzotto, Jacqueline Nordwall, Abdel G. Babiker, Andrew Phillips, David M. Vock, Nnakelu Eriobu, Vivian Kwaghe, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Srikanth Ramachandruni, Rajeev Narang, Manua K. Jain, Susana M. Lazarte, Jason Baker, Anne E. P. Frosch, Garyfallia Poulakou, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, Gretchen S. Amoczy, Natalie A. McBride, Philip A. Robinson, Farjad Sarafian, Sanjay Bhagani, I. Lassan S. Taha, Thomas Benfield, Sean T. H. Liu, Anastasia Antoniadou, Jens Ulrik Staehr Jensen, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Adityo Susilo, Prasetyo Hariadi, Tomas O. Jensen, Jose Luis Morales-Rull, Marie Helleberg, Sreenath Meegada, Isik S. Johansen, Daniel Canario, Eduardo Fernandez-Cruz, Simeon Metallidis, Amish Shah, Aki Sakurai, Nikolaus G. Koulouris, Robin Trounan, Amy C. Weintrob, Dania Podlekareva, Usman Hadi, Kathryn M. Lloyd, Birgit Thorup Roge, Sho Saito, Kelly Sweenis, Jakob J. Malin, Christoph Luebbert, Jose Munoz, Matthew J. Cummings, Marcelo H. Losso, Dan Turner, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Robin Dewar, Helene Highbarger, Pertine Lallemand, Tauseef Rehman, Norman Gerry, Dona Arlinda, Christina C. Chang, Birgit Grund, Michael R. Holbrook, Horace P. Holley, Fleur Hudson, Laura A. McNay, Daniel D. Murray, Sarah L. Pett, Megan Shaughnessy, Mary C. Smolslcis, Giota Touloumi, Mary F. Wright, Mittie K. Doyle, Sharon Popik, Christine Hall, Roshan Ramanathan, Huyen Cao, Elsa Mondou, Todd Willis, Joseph Thakuria, Leman Yel, Elizabeth Liggs, Virginia L. Kan, Jens D. Lundgren, James D. Neaton, H. Clifford Lane
Summary: Passive immunotherapy using hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) derived from recovered donors is a potential therapy for COVID-19. However, this international randomized controlled trial found that hIVIG did not demonstrate efficacy among hospitalized COVID-19 patients when administered with standard care including remdesivir.
Article
Microbiology
Kendra N. Johnson, Birte Kalveram, Jennifer K. Smith, Lihong Zhang, Terry Juelich, Colm Atkins, Tetsuro Ikegami, Alexander N. Freiberg
Summary: The antiviral drug Tilorone has been found to effectively inhibit Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential use as a therapeutic option for treating RVFV infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacob C. Milligan, Carl W. Davis, Xiaoying Yu, Philipp A. Ilinykh, Kai Huang, Peter J. Halfmann, Robert W. Cross, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Joan B. Geisbert, Chakravarthy Chennareddy, Arthur J. Goff, Ashley E. Piper, Sean Hui, Kelly C. L. Shaffer, Tierra Buck, Megan L. Heinrich, Luis M. Branco, Ian Crozier, Michael R. Holbrook, Jens H. Kuhn, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Pamela J. Glass, Alexander Bukreyev, Thomas W. Geisbert, Gabriella Worwa, Rafi Ahmed, Erica Ollmann Saphire
Summary: Researchers have discovered two antibodies that can neutralize and protect against Ebola virus and Sudan virus, providing potential clinical value in treating Ebola virus infections. These antibodies were found to recognize specific regions on the viral surface, offering a new approach for developing treatments against ebolaviruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marciela M. DeGrace, Elodie Ghedin, Matthew B. Frieman, Florian Krammer, Alba Grifoni, Arghavan Alisoltani, Galit Alter, Rama R. Amara, Ralph S. Baric, Dan H. Barouch, Jesse D. Bloom, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Gaston Bonenfant, Adrianus C. M. Boon, Eli A. Boritz, Debbie L. Bratt, Traci L. Bricker, Liliana Brown, William J. Buchser, Juan Manuel Carreno, Liel Cohen-Lavi, Tamarand L. Darling, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Bethany L. Dearlove, Han Di, Meike Dittmann, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Daniel C. Douek, Christian Drosten, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Ali Ellebedy, Thomas P. Fabrizio, Guido Ferrari, Will M. Fischer, William C. Florence, Ron A. M. Fouchier, John Franks, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Godzik, Ana Silvia Gonzalez-Reiche, Aubree Gordon, Bart L. Haagmans, Peter J. Halfmann, David D. Ho, Michael R. Holbrook, Yaoxing Huang, Sarah L. James, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Trushar Jeevan, Robert M. Johnson, Terry C. Jones, Astha Joshi, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Lisa Kercher, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Bette Korber, Eilay Koren, Richard A. Koup, Eric B. LeGresley, Jacob E. Lemieux, Mariel J. Liebeskind, Zhuoming Liu, Brandi Livingston, James P. Logue, Yang Luo, Adrian B. McDermott, Margaret J. McElrath, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Vineet D. Menachery, David C. Montefiori, Barbara Muehlemann, Vincent J. Munster, Jenny E. Munt, Manoj S. Nair, Antonia Netzl, Anna M. Niewiadomska, Sijy O'Dell, Andrew Pekosz, Stanley Perlman, Marjorie C. Pontelli, Barry Rockx, Morgane Rolland, Paul W. Rothlauf, Sinai Sacharen, Richard H. Scheuermann, Stephen D. Schmidt, Michael Schotsaert, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Robert A. Seder, Mayya Sedova, Alessandro Sette, Reed S. Shabman, Xiaoying Shen, Pei-Yong Shi, Maulik Shukla, Viviana Simon, Spencer Stumpf, Nancy J. Sullivan, Larissa B. Thackray, James Theiler, Paul G. Thomas, Sanja Trifkovic, Sina Tureli, Samuel A. Turner, Maria A. Vakaki, Harm van Bakel, Laura A. VanBlargan, Leah R. Vincent, Zachary S. Wallace, Li Wang, Maple Wang, Pengfei Wang, Wei Wang, Scott C. Weaver, Richard J. Webby, Carol D. Weiss, David E. Wentworth, Stuart M. Weston, Sean P. J. Whelan, Bradley M. Whitener, Samuel H. Wilks, Xuping Xie, Baoling Ying, Hyejin Yoon, Bin Zhou, Tomer Hertz, Derek J. Smith, Michael S. Diamond, Diane J. Post, Mehul S. Suthar
Summary: The SAVE program is a real-time risk assessment initiative established by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases to address the public health threat posed by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Its goal is to evaluate the potential impact of these variants on transmission, virulence, and immunity induced through infection or vaccination.
Article
Cell Biology
Adam Hage, Preeti Bharaj, Sarah van Tol, Maria Giraldo, Maria Gonzalez-Orozco, Karl M. Valerdi, Abbey N. Warren, Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre, Xuping Xie, Steven G. Widen, Hong M. Moulton, Benhur Lee, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Nevan J. Krogan, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Pei-Yong Shi, Alexander N. Freiberg, Ricardo Rajsbaum
Summary: This study identifies the RNA helicase DHX16 as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that partners with RIG-I for optimal activation of antiviral immunity requiring unanchored polyubiquitin (poly-Ub).
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecca Elyanow, Thomas M. Snyder, Sudeb C. Dalai, Rachel M. Gittelman, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anna Wald, Stacy Selke, Mark H. Wener, Chihiro Morishima, Alexander L. Greninger, Michael Gale, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Lichen Jing, Michael R. Holbrook, Ian M. Kaplan, H. Jabran Zahid, Damon H. May, Jonathan M. Carlson, Lance Baldo, Thomas Manley, Harlan S. Robins, David M. Koelle
Summary: This study suggests that measuring T cell responses can provide reliable assessment of past SARS-CoV-2 infection and protective immunity. T cell responses showed significant correlations with neutralizing antibody titers and disease severity indicators. T cell testing demonstrated high sensitivity even after 6 months of infection, outperforming serology tests in identifying prior infection, especially in individuals with milder disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cherrelle Dacon, Courtney Tucker, Linghang Peng, Chang-Chun D. Lee, Ting-Hui Lin, Meng Yuan, Yu Cong, Lingshu Wang, Lauren Purser, Jazmean K. Williams, Chul-Woo Pyo, Ivan Kosik, Zhe Hu, Ming Zhao, Divya Mohan, Andrew J. R. Cooper, Mary Peterson, Jeff Skinner, Saurabh Dixit, Erin Kollins, Louis Huzella, Donna Perry, Russell Byrum, Sanae Lembirik, David Drawbaugh, Brett Eaton, Yi Zhang, Eun Sung Yang, Man Chen, Kwanyee Leung, Rona S. Weinberg, Amarendra Pegu, Daniel E. Geraghty, Edgar Davidson, Iyadh Douagi, Susan Moir, Jonathan W. Yewdell, Connie Schmaljohn, Peter D. Crompton, Michael R. Holbrook, David Nemazee, John R. Mascola, Ian A. Wilson, Joshua Tan
Summary: This study identified six monoclonal antibodies that bind to spike proteins from all seven human-infecting coronaviruses. Two of these antibodies, COV44-62 and COV44-79, showed broad neutralizing activity against alpha- and betacoronaviruses, including the Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2. The fusion peptide region in the spike protein was found to be a potential candidate epitope for next-generation coronavirus vaccine development.
Article
Immunology
Brian P. Epling, Joseph M. Rocco, Kristin L. Boswell, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Anela Kellogg, Sanchita Das, Allison Roder, Elodie Ghedin, Allie Kreitman, Robin L. Dewar, Sophie E. M. Kelly, Heather Kalish, Tauseef Rehman, Jeroen Highbarger, Adam Rupert, Gregory Kocher, Michael R. Holbrook, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Richard A. Koup, Irini Sereti
Summary: Treatment with Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir does not hinder immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Clinical rebound is associated with the development of a robust antibody and T-cell immune response, indicating a low risk of disease progression. The presence of infectious virus supports the need for isolation and assessment of longer treatment courses.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhaochun Chen, Peng Zhang, Yumiko Matsuoka, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Kamille West, Celia Santos, Lisa F. Boyd, Hanh Nguyen, Anna Pomerenke, Tyler Stephens, Adam S. Olia, Baoshan Zhang, Valeria De Giorgi, Michael R. Holbrook, Robin Gross, Elena Postnikova, Nicole L. Garza, Reed F. Johnson, David H. Margulies, Peter D. Kwong, Harvey J. Alter, Ursula J. Buchholz, Paolo Lusso, Patrizia Farci
Summary: This study reports the generation and characterization of two potent human monoclonal antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The antibodies show broad and potent neutralizing activity against the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and demonstrate in vivo protective and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model.
Article
Microbiology
Jacob Nelson, Lorenzo Ochoa, Paula Villareal, Tiffany Dunn, Ping Wu, Gracie Vargas, Alexander N. Freiberg
Summary: Researchers have developed a human fetal brain neural stem cell system that can replicate POWV and WNV infections in vitro. They found that both viruses can infect human neurons and astrocytes, but WNV infection triggers a stronger inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways activation compared to POWV. The researchers also observed structural abnormalities in the neurons infected with POWV, similar to previous findings with TBEV-infected neurons. This study provides important insights into the mechanisms of infection and disease development caused by these viruses.
Article
Virology
Kassandra L. Carpio, Jill K. Thompson, Steven G. Widen, Jennifer K. Smith, Terry L. Juelich, David E. Clements, Alexander N. Freiberg, Alan D. T. Barrett
Summary: The genetic diversities of mammalian tick-borne flaviviruses were examined using next-generation sequencing. Among the viruses studied, Deer Tick virus, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus, and Kyasanur Forest Disease virus showed low genetic diversity, while Powassan virus exhibited high genetic diversity. The level of genetic diversity could be attributed to the number of tick vector species and amplification hosts each virus can occupy.
Article
Biology
Gabriella Worwa, Timothy K. Cooper, Steven Yeh, Jessica G. Shantha, Amanda M. W. Hischak, Sarah E. Klim, Russell Byrum, Jonathan R. Kurtz, Scott M. Anthony, Nina M. Aiosa, Danny Ragland, Ji Hyun Lee, Marisa St Claire, Carl Davis, Rafi Ahmed, Michael R. Holbrook, Jens H. Kuhn, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Ian Crozier
Summary: Deep characterization of uveitis in a rhesus monkey confirms the association between persistence of Ebola virus RNA and severe immunopathology in the eye, which has broader implications for the prevention and treatment of sight-threatening uveitis in human Ebola virus survivors.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Thayne H. Dickey, Rui Ma, Sachy Orr-Gonzalez, Tarik Ouahes, Palak Patel, Holly McAleese, Brandi Butler, Elizabeth Eudy, Brett Eaton, Michael Murphy, Jennifer L. Kwan, Nichole D. Salinas, Michael R. Holbrook, Lynn E. Lambert, Niraj H. Tolia
Summary: Continued vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is necessary due to waning immunity and emerging variants. A nanoparticle vaccine displaying the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) has been developed, with improvements in stability, immune response, and manufacturing ease. The engineered RBD nanoparticles elicit potent neutralizing antibodies that surpass monomeric RBDs, providing protection against emerging variants.
Article
Virology
Sarah van Tol, Adam Hage, Ricardo Rajsbaum, Alexander N. Freiberg
Summary: The expression of TRIM40 in bat cells during Nipah virus infection helps control the infection by reducing viral titers, while its expression is suppressed in human cells. These findings suggest that bats may achieve tolerance to viral infections by regulating the expression of TRIM40.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.