Article
Immunology
Caiyue Ren, Tong Chen, Shishuo Zhang, Qingxia Gao, Jiahui Zou, Peng Li, Biaoxiong Wang, Yaxin Zhao, Aotian Ouyang, Sizhu Suolang, Hongbo Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the gene expression profiles in response to swine H1N1/2009 influenza A virus infection in newborn pig trachea cells. The researchers found that PLK3, a member of the PLK family, was upregulated after infection and played a crucial role in viral replication.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Yaima Burgher Pulgaron, Chantale Provost, Marie-Jeanne Pesant, Carl A. Gagnon
Summary: This study investigates the pathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and swine influenza A virus (SwIV) co-infection in swine respiratory cells. The results show that the co-infection has different outcomes in different cell types, affecting viral replication and cytokine expression. RNA-sequencing reveals the modulation of gene expression and cellular pathways during PCV2b and SwIV H1N1 co-infection, providing new insights on the pathogenesis of porcine viral co-infections.
Article
Microbiology
Junyi Hu, Zhe Hu, Yandi Wei, Ming Zhang, Senlin Wang, Qi Tong, Honglei Sun, Juan Pu, Jinhua Liu, Yipeng Sun
Summary: This study suggests that SIVs with H1N1/2009 genotypes could undergo rapid adaptive changes in a new host, especially in the PB2 and HA genes, which may facilitate the emergence of pandemic strains such as H1N1/2009. Mutations like PB2D309N and HAL425M were found to enhance the replication and pathogenicity of rH1N1 in mice and enable its transmission in other mammals.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhao Wang, Jieshi Yu, Zizhang Sheng, Ben M. Hause, Feng Li, Radhey S. Kaushik, Dan Wang
Summary: The N-terminal B-loop and CD helix of the HA2 protein in swine influenza A virus play a significant role in virus replication, with mutations in these regions attenuating virus replication. These mutations could potentially be explored as attenuated vaccine candidates to prevent the spread of influenza within swine populations.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Abhijeet A. Bakre, Les P. Jones, Jackelyn Murray, Z. Beau Reneer, Victoria A. Meliopoulos, Sean Cherry, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Ralph A. Tripp
Summary: This study examined the innate antiviral response to swine influenza virus in primary and immortalized swine nasal and tracheal epithelial cells, showing strain- and host cell type-dependent differential expression of key interferons and interferon-stimulated genes.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alvaro Lopez-Valinas, Marta Valle, Miaomiao Wang, Ayub Darji, Guillermo Cantero, Chiara Chiapponi, Joaquim Segales, Llilianne Ganges, Jose I. Nunez
Summary: Influenza A viruses have the ability to infect a wide range of bird and mammal species. They constantly evolve due to low proofreading activity and genomic reassortment, posing a threat to human and animal health. This study found that vaccination can reduce the likelihood of genomic reassortment and may influence the evolution of swine influenza viruses.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dezhong Ji, Yuanjie Zhang, Jiaqi Sun, Bo Zhang, Wenxiao Ma, Boyang Cheng, Xinchen Wang, Yuanhao Li, Yu Mu, Huan Xu, Qi Wang, Chuanling Zhang, Sulong Xiao, Lihe Zhang, Demin Zhou
Summary: Researchers demonstrate a system for delivering antigenic peptides to the lung using an engineered influenza virus, which leads to increased immune cell infiltration to the tumor and enhanced immune response. They also engineer the virus to express anti-PD1-L1 nanobodies, which further improves tumor regression and survival.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jamil N. Kanji, Kanti Pabbaraju, Matthew Croxen, Susan Detmer, Nathalie Bastien, Yan Li, Anna Majer, Hussein Keshwani, Nathan Zelyas, Ifeoma Achebe, Corinne Jones, Maureen Rutz, Angela Jacobs, Keith Lehman, Deena Hinshaw, Graham Tipples
Summary: A variant influenza A subtype H1N2 of swine origin was detected in a person in Alberta, Canada, and was found to be closely related to strains at a local pig farm. Quick collaboration between human and veterinary public health practitioners enabled a rapid response and surveillance showed no secondary cases in the surrounding area.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yidi Guo, Xiaohang Yu, Ning Su, Ning Shi, Shu Zhang, Le Zhang, Li Yang, Lili Zhao, Zhenhong Guan, Maolin Zhang, Ming Duan
Summary: Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major pathogen causing annually recurring epidemics. This study found that circRNA_0082633 expression is increased during IAV infection and overexpression of circRNA_0082633 suppresses viral proliferation. Activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of circRNA_0082633. This research provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IAV infection and suggests an important role for circRNA_0082633.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xing Xie, Maoda Pang, Shan Liang, Yan Lin, Yanbing Zhao, Dong Qiu, Jin Liu, Yuhao Dong, Yongjie Liu
Summary: The study found that miRNAs associated with innate immunity and inflammatory response, cfa-miR-125b and cfamiR-151, were significantly decreased in CIV-infected canine primary cells, suggesting they may act as negative regulators of CIV replication.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jinghua Cheng, Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Ying Shi, Huili Liu
Summary: This study reveals a new mode of cell death induced by IAV infection, known as ferroptosis. The results show that SIV infection disrupted iron homeostasis and transport, and inhibited the Xc(-)/GPX4 axis, leading to depletion of glutathione and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Additionally, the study found that using a ferroptosis inhibitor partially rescued cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Taehwan Oh, Duy Tien Do, Hung Van Vo, Hyeok-il Kwon, Seung-Chul Lee, Min Ho Kim, Dung Thi Thu Nguyen, Quang Tin Vinh Le, Tan Minh Tran, Toan Tat Nguyen, Joo Young Lee, Chanhee Chae
Summary: The use of renal-derived swine macrophages as a novel primary cell candidate offers a solution to ethical constraints and consistency problems in ASFV propagation. These primary cells are proven to be permissive to both cell adapted ASFV and wild-type ASFV, making them useful for virus isolation and propagation. Additionally, compared to commercial cell lines, renal-derived macrophages demonstrate consistent molecular characteristics and are more suitable for isolating field viruses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Fei Meng, Yan Chen, Zuchen Song, Qiu Zhong, Yijie Zhang, Chuanling Qiao, Cheng Yan, Huihui Kong, Liling Liu, Chengjun Li, Huanliang Yang, Hualan Chen
Summary: Animal influenza viruses, particularly EA H1N1, pose a continuous threat to human public health. The study reveals the genetic diversity and pandemic potential of EA H1N1 viruses in pigs, indicating the need for careful monitoring and preparedness. Some strains of EA H1N1 have become highly pathogenic and transmissible in animals, raising concerns about potential human infections and the efficacy of current vaccines.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael A. Zeller, Jordan Ma, Foong Ying Wong, Sothyra Tum, Arata Hidano, Hannah Holt, Ty Chhay, San Sorn, Dina Koeut, Bunnary Seng, Sovanncheypo Chao, Giselle G. K. Ng, Zhuang Yan, Monidarin Chou, James W. Rudge, Gavin J. D. Smith, Yvonne C. F. Su
Summary: Swine are a primary source for the emergence of pandemic influenza A viruses. Effective surveillance is essential to uncover emerging virus strains. This study revealed the co-circulation of multiple lineages of genetically diverse swine influenza A virus (swIAV) in Southeast Asia and identified a novel reassortant variant. The findings highlight the importance of genomic surveillance for early warning of disease emergence and prevention of future pandemics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Xianghan Duan, Yi Ru, Wenping Yang, Jingjing Ren, Rongzeng Hao, Xiaodong Qin, Dan Li, Haixue Zheng
Summary: African swine fever is a highly contagious disease that threatens the pig industry worldwide, with no effective vaccines or drugs. The complex genome of ASFV and the structure and infection process of the viral proteins are still not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Cremildo Maueia, Alltalents Murahwa, Alice Manjate, Soren Andersson, Jahit Sacarlal, Darlene Kenga, Tufaria Mussa, Anna-Lise Williamson
Summary: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of HPV infection in women from Maputo, Mozambique, with HIV-positive women having the highest HPV prevalence and being more susceptible to multiple HPV types. High-risk genotypes were the most commonly found.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nedio Mabunda, Orvalho Augusto, Ana Flora Zicai, Ana Duaja, Sandra Oficiano, Nalia Ismael, Adolfo Vubil, Tufaria Mussa, Milton Moraes, Ilesh Jani
Summary: High prevalence of HIV and HBV infections were found among blood donors in Mozambique, indicating the need for a new blood screening policy to ensure the safety of donated blood.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ramon Armengol, Lorenzo Fraile, Alex Bach
Summary: This study aimed to determine the most suitable parameters for the first visit approach in dairy farms. The online survey results showed that most consultants considered the analyzed parameters to be highly important during the initial visit. They focused on heat detection, fertility, and pregnancy rates. Additionally, the farm size and years of experience influenced the type and number of parameters chosen as key performance indicators (KPIs).
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jessica Proctor, Iman Wolf, David Brodsky, Lizette M. Cortes, Alba Frias-De-Diego, Glen W. Almond, Elisa Crisci, Tatiane Terumi Negrao Watanabe, James M. Hammer, Tobias Kaeser
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy and immunogenicity of a modified live virus vaccine against four heterologous PRRSV-2 strains. The vaccine showed varying degrees of efficacy and immunogenicity, providing cross-protection and inducing a strong immune response and antibody production.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Andrea Puig, Miguel Ruiz, Marta Bassols, Lorenzo Fraile, Ramon Armengol
Summary: This review summarizes the latest technologies for early diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease, focusing on continuous learning and monitoring of cattle's behavior. Traditional methods of observing clinical signs and behavior can be subjective and time-consuming, thus advanced technologies offer the potential for more accurate and earlier diagnosis. These technologies allow for remote and objective assessment of animal behavior, leading to improved sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing bovine respiratory disease. The use of big data and machine learning may further enhance the diagnosis, and the integration of metabolomics as disease markers is also being explored.
Article
Immunology
Yvette N. N. Lowensteyn, Joukje E. E. Willemsen, Natalie I. I. Mazur, Nienke M. M. Scheltema, Nynke C. J. van Haastregt, Amber A. A. ten Buuren, Ichelle van Roessel, Dunja Scheepmaker, Harish Nair, Peter M. M. van de Ven, Louis J. J. Bont
Summary: This study provides the first global case series of children dying with nosocomial RSV infection. Infant-targeted immunization strategies in the future could prevent the majority of nosocomial RSV-related deaths. Although nosocomial RSV deaths are expected to occur at highest rates in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), the reported number of these deaths was low in these countries. Hospital-based surveillance is needed to capture the full burden of nosocomial RSV mortality in LMICs.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rea Jarosova, Petra Ondrackova, Lenka Leva, Katerina Nedbalcova, Monika Vicenova, Josef Masek, Jiri Volf, Jan Gebauer, Tomas Do, Roman Guran, Zbysek Sladek, Javier Dominguez, Martin Faldyna
Summary: CD163+ monocytes contribute to the production of inflammatory cytokines during APP-induced lung inflammation, especially IL-1 beta, at the site of inflammation. PB and BM CD163+ monocytes do not appear to play a significant role in elevated cytokine levels in plasma.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Miguel Ruiz, Andrea Puig, Marta Bassols, Lorenzo Fraile, Ramon Armengol
Summary: This article summarizes the current research on the role, transmission, and clinical significance of IDV in BRD.
Article
Virology
Alba Frias-De-Diego, Jessica M. M. Gilbertie, Frank Scholle, Sarah Dejarnette, Elisa Crisci
Summary: This study evaluates the antiviral effect of a novel platelet-rich plasma-derived biologic called BIO-PLYTM against PRRS virus. The results show that BIO-PLYTM significantly reduces viral load and infectious viral particles, and exhibits immunomodulatory capacity.
Review
Immunology
Andrew R. Kick, Alicyn F. Grete, Elisa Crisci, Glen W. Almond, Tobias Kaeser
Summary: PRRSV is a persistent issue in the global pig industry. Although vaccinations show some benefits, the specific immune correlates of protection (CoP) have not been clearly defined. We propose four hypotheses for CoP in PRRSV research, which can guide future vaccine design and evaluation.
Article
Immunology
Blanca D. Lopez-Ayllon, Ana de Lucas-Rius, Laura Mendoza-Garcia, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Raul Fernandez-Rodriguez, Jose M. Suarez-Cardenas, Fatima Milhano Santos, Fernando Corrales, Natalia Redondo, Federica Pedrucci, Sara Zaldivar-Lopez, Angeles Jimenez-Marin, Juan J. Garrido, Maria Montoya
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 encodes eleven accessory proteins in its genome, and their roles during infection are not fully understood. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that WNT5A and IL11 were significantly up-regulated in A549 cells expressing certain accessory proteins from SARS-CoV-2. Bioinformatics analysis and functional assays confirmed the involvement of WNT5A and IL11 in pulmonary fibrosis, and altered profibrotic gene expression was observed in lung cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 patients' lung biopsies. These findings suggest that targeting these accessory proteins could be a potential therapeutic approach against COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Belen Alvarez, Concepcion Revilla, Teresa Poderoso, Angel Ezquerra, Javier Dominguez
Summary: Pig is an increasingly important animal model for biomedical research, besides its significance in the livestock industry. Macrophages are crucial in immunity, tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. They are also targeted by viruses causing economic losses in the pig industry. This article reviews the current understanding of porcine macrophages, including marker characterization, macrophage populations in different organs, and the impact of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. The article also examines cell lines suitable for studying porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rupert Dodkins, John R. Delaney, Tess Overton, Frank Scholle, Alba Frias-De-Diego, Elisa Crisci, Nafisa Huq, Ingo Jordan, Jason T. Kimata, Teresa Findley, Ilya G. Goldberg
Summary: Infectivity assays are crucial for the development of viral vaccines, antiviral therapies, and biological manufacturing. An automated viral infectivity assay (AVIA) utilizing convolutional neural networks and high-throughput brightfield microscopy on 96-well plates has been developed to quantify infection phenotypes rapidly and accurately without sample preparation. The AVIA demonstrates sensitivity and precision comparable to or better than conventional assays and has the potential to be a rapid and broad-spectrum tool for virus characterization and identification.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andy C. Tran, Eugenia Boariu, Maria Garcia-Bengoa, Mi-Young Kim, Emil Joseph Vergara, Tufaria Mussa, Rajko Reljic
Summary: Serological antibody profiling can identify risk indicators of disease progression and serve as an accessible diagnostic tool for discriminating between tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). This study conducted an analysis of serum antibodies in TB patients, LTBI individuals, and healthy controls from Mozambique. The results showed that IgA antibodies to MPT64 antigen were the most discriminatory for TB and LTBI, and an ELISA MPT64-IgA test exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating TB from LTBI and healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Anna Vilaro, Elena Novell, Vicens Enrique-Tarancon, Jordi Baliellas, Lourdes Migura-Garcia, Lorenzo Fraile
Summary: Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of Spanish porcine bacteria to quinolones, cephalosporins, and polymyxins showed that the overall antimicrobial susceptibility remained stable or increased in the last four years in Spain. Significant temporal trends were observed for specific bacteria and antimicrobials, indicating increased susceptibility over time.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
