Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Fatemeh Sabzian-Molaei, Mohammad Amin Ahmadi, Zahra Nikfarjam, Mohammad Sabzian-Molaei
Summary: This study aimed to design mutant peptides that could block the interaction between gp120 and the CD4 receptor on host cells, thus preventing HIV-1 infection. Three peptides showed potential as HIV inhibitors.
MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nabab Khan, Peter W. Halcrow, Zahra Afghah, Aparajita Baral, Jonathan D. Geiger, Xuesong Chen
Summary: The accumulation of HIV-1 Tat in endolysosomes may play an important role in controlling HIV-1 transactivation, further hindering the cure of HIV-1.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jing Pu, Yu Dai, Qian Wang, Lu Lu, Junqi Zhang, Wei Xu, Lan Xie, Shengqi Wang, Fei Yu, Xiaoyang He, Shibo Jiang
Summary: Virus inactivator FD028, a new small-molecule HIV-1 inactivator, shows promising activity in inactivating cell-free virions at moderate nanomolar concentrations by targeting both gp120 and gp41 regions of HIV-1. With broad-spectrum inhibition and minimal cytotoxicity, FD028 has potential for further development as an HIV-1 inactivator-based therapeutic.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Young-Jung Lee, In Jun Yeo, Dong Young Choi, Jaesuk Yun, Dong Ju Son, Sang-Bae Han, Jin Tae Hong
Summary: HIV-1 infection can lead to various HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, with the gp120 protein playing a role in memory impairment through inducing Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jyothi K. Rajashekar, Jonathan Richard, Jagadish Beloor, Jeremie Prevost, Sai Priya Anand, Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussieres, Liang Shan, Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Halima Medjahed, Catherine Bourassa, Fleur Gaudette, Irfan Ullah, Kelly Symmes, Andrew Peric, Emily Lindemuth, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche, Jun Park, Hung-Ching Chen, Daniel E. Kaufmann, Beatrice H. Hahn, Joseph Sodroski, Marzena Pazgier, Richard A. Flavell, Amos B. Smith, Andres Finzi, Priti Kumar
Summary: Research has shown that CD4mc can sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by facilitating antibody recognition of epitopes on the viral envelope that are otherwise occluded. Combining CD4mc with specific antibodies can reduce viral replication and reservoir size by enhancing ADCC. The dependence on NK cells and Fc effector functions for these effects highlights the importance of ADCC in combating HIV-1.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
YanLing Hu, JinHong Liu, Renjie Zhuang, Chen Zhang, Fei Lin, Jun Wang, Sha Peng, Wenping Zhang
Summary: HIV-related neuropathic pain (HRNP) is a neurodegeneration that develops during the course of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), causing abnormal pain and hyperalgesia in the extremities. The pathogenesis of HRNP is not fully understood and there is a lack of effective clinical treatment. This study provides a systematic review of recent research on HRNP, including etiology, pathology, therapeutic strategies, and future research directions.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinling Wang, Miao Cao, Yanling Wu, Wei Xu, Qian Wang, Tianlei Ying, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang
Summary: Despite the progress made with HAART therapy, challenges remain for the treatment of HIV-1 virus. Studies have shown that combining a gp120 binding protein and a gp41 binding antibody may have a synergistic effect in inhibiting the spread of HIV-1.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ildar R. Iusupov, Francesca Curreli, Evgeniy A. Spiridonov, Pavel O. Markov, Shahad Ahmed, Dmitry S. Belov, Ekaterina Manasova, Andrea Altieri, Alexander Kurkin, Asim K. Debnath
Summary: Development of alternative scaffolds and validation of synthetic pathways as tools for exploring new HIV gp120 inhibitors based on NBD-14136. New synthetic routes were guided by molecular modeling and chemical analysis, and representative compounds were tested for inhibition and cell viability.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Blandine Noailly, Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa, Justine Werquin, Fabienne Jospin, Daniel Drocourt, Thomas Bourlet, Nicolas Rochereau, Stephane Paul
Summary: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) show promising potential for HIV-1 prevention. Different bNAb isotypes have varying abilities in viral neutralization and ADCC-like activity. These findings contribute to the search for new treatments and antibody-based vaccines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Curreli, Young D. Kwon, Isabella Nicolau, Giancarla Burgos, Andrea Altieri, Alexander V. Kurkin, Raffaello Verardi, Peter D. Kwong, Asim K. Debnath
Summary: As part of the effort to discover drugs targeting HIV-1 entry, this study investigates the antiviral activity and crystal structures of two novel inhibitors in complex with a gp120 core. The results show that NBD-14204 exhibits better antiviral activity and sensitivity to certain mutants, making it a promising compound for further optimization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Adonira Saro, Zhaolin Gao, Piniel Alphayo Kambey, Min Li, Jufang Huang
Summary: This study investigates the pathogenic mechanism of HIV-associated neurodegenerative disorder (HAND) in HIV-infected individuals. The results suggest that the gp120 viral protein may play a role in the development of HAND. The upregulation of Cdk1 gene expression is associated with HIV-associated dementia, and the protein expression of Cdk1 is significantly higher in gp120-transfected cells compared to normal control.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinbang Zhang, Zhengyang Li, Jiaxin Li, Hui Li, Junwei Che, Te Zhao, Pengfei Zou, Jingwan Han, Yang Yang, Meiyan Yang, Yuli Wang, Wei Gong, Haihua Xiao, Zhiping Li, Lin Li, Chunsheng Gao
Summary: A glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-targeting polypeptide UM15 reinforced lymphocyte-mimicking nanotrap was constructed to improve the HIV-1 inhibiting efficacy. The constructed nanotraps exhibited escaping ability from uptake of the mononuclear phagocyte system and improved binding ability with gp120 proteins. These nanotraps neutralized all tested HIV-1 pseudo-typed viruses and inhibited both X4-tropic and R5-tropic HIV-1.
Article
Biology
Kunyu Wang, Shijian Zhang, Eden P. P. Go, Haitao Ding, Wei Li Wang, Hanh T. T. Nguyen, John C. C. Kappes, Heather Desaire, Joseph Sodroski, Youdong Mao
Summary: Cryo-EM structures of HIV-1 Env trimers reveal an asymmetric conformation that serves as a default intermediate state during virus entry and antibody evasion. Cleaved and uncleaved Env trimers exhibit consistent yet distinct asymmetric conformations, with one smaller and two larger opening angles. The broken symmetry assists Env binding and the extension of the gp41 HR1 helical coiled-coil, facilitating virus fusion with the target cell membrane.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Johannes C. Botha, Dimiter Demirov, Carli Gordijn, Mary Grace Katusiime, Michael J. Bale, Xiaolin Wu, Daria Wells, Stephen H. Hughes, Mark F. Cotton, John W. Mellors, Mary F. Kearney, Gert U. van Zyl
Summary: This study reveals that severely deleted HIV-1 proviruses make up a significant part of the proviral landscape and are frequently ignored.
Article
Virology
Giuseppe Sberna, Roberta Nardacci, Giulia Berno, Gabriella Rozera, Emanuela Giombini, Lavinia Fabeni, Eliana Specchiarello, Fabrizio Maggi, Alessandra Amendola
Summary: In a subset of HIV patients, the Aptima HIV-1 Quant Dx Assay (Aptima) can detect viral load exclusively through amplification of the LTR region. The viral RNA detected through LTR amplification does not have the ability to infect or transmit HIV-1. The recognition of viral load based on LTR amplification is crucial for the clinical management of HIV patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Carolina Q. Sacramento, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Suelen S. G. Dias, Jairo R. Temerozo, Aline de Paula D. Da Silva, Carine S. da Silva, Camilla Blanco, Andre C. Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Vinicius C. Soares, Filipe Pereira-Dutra, Milene Dias Miranda, Debora F. Barreto-Vieira, Marcos Alexandre N. da Silva, Suzana S. Santos, Mateo Torres, Otavio Augusto Chaves, Rajith K. R. Rajoli, Alberto Paccanaro, Andrew Owen, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Patricia T. Bozza, Thiago Moreno L. Souza
Summary: Despite the lack of in vitro activity, chloroquine has shown potential in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication and reducing virus-induced inflammation. It can also reduce virus entry and synergize with remdesivir.
Article
Immunology
Livia Teixeira, Jairo R. Temerozo, Filipe S. Pereira-Dutra, Andre Costa Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Barbara Simonson Goncalves, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Lohanna Palhinha, Tamires Cunha-Fernandes, Suelen S. G. Dias, Vinicius Cardoso Soares, Ester A. Barreto, Daniella Cesar-Silva, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Camila R. R. Pao, Caroline S. de Freitas, Patricia A. Reis, Eugenio D. Hottz, Fernando A. Bozza, Dumith C. Bou-Habib, Elvira M. Saraiva, Cecilia J. G. de Almeida, Joao P. B. Viola, Thiago Moreno L. Souza, Patricia T. Bozza
Summary: Simvastatin has been shown to have protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. It reduces viral replication and lung damage, delays the progression of the disease, and decreases mortality. It also suppresses inflammation triggered by the virus and affects the course of infection by disrupting lipid rafts on cell membranes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jairo R. Temerozo, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Camila R. R. Pao, Caroline S. Freitas, Suelen Silva Gomes Dias, Andre C. Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Vinicius Cardoso Soares, Livia Teixeira, Isaclaudia G. Azevedo-Quintanilha, Eugenio D. Hottz, Pedro Kurtz, Fernando A. Bozza, Patricia T. Bozza, Thiago Moreno L. Souza, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
Summary: This study found that the plasma levels of the immunoregulatory neuropeptide VIP are elevated in severe COVID-19 patients, correlating with reduced levels of inflammatory mediators and improved survival. In vitro experiments showed that VIP and the similar neuropeptide PACAP can decrease SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral production, as well as reduce cell death. Both neuropeptides can also inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators and block the activation of transcription factors involved in inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism. These findings support further clinical investigations of these neuropeptides for the treatment of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leonardo J. Galvao-Lima, Fabiana A. Zambuzi, Luana S. Soares, Caroline Fontanari, Aline F. Galva Meirele, Veronica S. Brauer, Lucia H. Faccioli, Lucio Gama, Luiz T. M. Figueiredo, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Fabiani G. Frantz
Summary: The successful establishment of HIV-1 infection is related to the blocking or inactivation of inflammasomes. This study found that resting HIV-1-infected macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines and show increased CXCL10 expression. The HIV-1 proteins Gag and Vpr interact with host proteins, preventing the activation of inflammasomes and effective immune responses.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Poliana Guiomar De Almeida Brasiel, Fernanda Verdini Guimaraes, Patricia Machado Rodrigues Silva, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
Summary: This systematic review assessed the clinical efficacy of flavonoid supplements on allergic diseases. The review suggests that flavonoids may provide a viable strategy for mitigating allergic symptoms.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jairo R. Temerozo, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Monique Cristina dos Santos, Eugenio D. Hottz, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Aline de Paula Dias da Silva, Samuel Coelho Mandacaru, Emilly Caroline dos Santos Moraes, Monique R. O. Trugilho, Joao S. M. Gesto, Marcelo Alves Ferreira, Felipe Betoni Saraiva, Lohanna Palhinha, Remy Martins-Goncalves, Isaclaudia Gomes Azevedo-Quintanilha, Juliana L. Abrantes, Cassia Righy, Pedro Kurtz, Hui Jiang, Hongdong Tan, Carlos Morel, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Fernando A. Bozza, Patricia T. Bozza, Thiago Moreno L. Souza
Summary: This study found that critically ill COVID-19 patients had higher expression levels of HERV-K genes in tracheal aspirates. Increased HERV-K levels were associated with early mortality, inflammation, and coagulopathy.
Article
Neurosciences
Shaojing Ye, Fei Ma, Dlovan F. D. Mahmood, Katherine L. Meyer-Siegler, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Pedro L. Vera
Summary: Activation of intravesical PAR4 receptors leads to bladder hyperalgesia through release of urothelial MIF and HMGB1. NACA and EP partially block PAR4-induced hyperalgesia, while FR180204 has no effect. There is a significant correlation between intravesical HMGB1 levels and pain threshold.
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. J. Shin, W. Fanr, J. Par-Youngs, M. Piecychna, L. Leng, K. Israni-Winger, H. Qing, J. Gu, H. Zhao, W. L. Schulz, S. Unlu, J. Kuster, G. Young, J. Liu, A. Ko, A. Baeza Garcia, M. Sauler, A. Wisnewski, L. Young, A. Orduna, A. Wang, K. Ocskay, A. Garcia-Blesa, P. Hegyi, M. E. Armstrong, P. D. Mitchell, D. Bernardo, A. Garami, I Kang, R. Bucala
Summary: This study found that the high-expression MIF CATT(7) allele was less frequent in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls, but more frequent in hospitalized patients compared to outpatients. In addition, hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher serum MIF levels compared to outpatients and uninfected healthy controls. Experimental mice with a high-expression MIF allele showed more severe disease than those with a low-expression MIF allele. Therefore, the polymorphism of the MIF gene is associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Cesar Trifone, Lucia Baquero, Alejandro Czernikier, Paula Benencio, Lin Leng, Natalia Laufer, Maria Florencia Quiroga, Richard Bucala, Yanina Ghiglione, Gabriela Turk
Summary: In this study, the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in CD4(+) T lymphocytes during HIV infection was evaluated. The results suggest that MIF stimulation may contribute to viral pathogenesis by generating a microenvironment enriched in activating mediators and Th17-like CD4TLs. These findings establish a basis for considering MIF as a possible therapeutic target.
Article
Cell Biology
Keren David, Gilgi Friedlander, Bianca Pellegrino, Lihi Radomir, Hadas Lewinsky, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Idit Shachar, Shirly Becker Herman
Summary: This study investigated the transcriptional and regulatory function of CD74-ICD in normal B cells. It was found that CD74-ICD forms a complex with PAX5 and binds to chromatin at a higher number of sites compared to CLL cells. The CD74-ICD:PAX5 complex also downregulates the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene DMTF1 through transcriptional inhibition.
Article
Rheumatology
Wei Fan, Jennefer Par-Young, Kaiyan Li, Yi Zhang, Pingping Xiao, Li Hua, Lin Leng, Xuyan Chen, Richard Bucala
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to describe the clinical profiles and high-risk indicators of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement (pSS-CNS). The study found that the prevalence of CNS involvement in pSS patients was 10.2%, with neurological manifestations as the initial symptom in 31.3% of the cases. Hemiparesis, paraparesis, dysphonia, blurred vision, and dysfunctional proprioception were common manifestations in pSS-CNS patients. Cerebral infarction, demyelination, myelitis, and angiostenosis were commonly found on imaging in these patients. Lung involvement, positive anti-SSA antibody test, and reduced C3 levels were identified as potential risk factors for CNS involvement in pSS. High-dose glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive therapy were effective in improving the condition in 60% of pSS-CNS patients.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Jairo R. Temerozo, Pedro L. C. Ferreira, Leandra Linhares-Lacerda, Rhaissa C. Vieira, Bruno Cister-Alves, Livia Gobbo, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
Summary: Here, we report new findings regarding the impact of IL-27 on HIV-1 replication in CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Contrary to previous understanding, we demonstrate that IL-27 can either inhibit or enhance HIV-1 growth in PBMCs, depending on the timing of its administration. Our results highlight the complexity of HIV-1-host interactions and identify the involvement of BST-2/Tetherin and CD11a in IL-27-mediated effects on viral dissemination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thiago Moreno L. Souza, Vagner D. Pinho, Cristina F. Setim, Carolina Q. Sacramento, Rodrigo Marcon, Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues, Otavio A. Chaves, Melina Heller, Jairo R. Temerozo, Andre C. Ferreira, Mayara Mattos, Patricia B. Momo, Suelen S. G. Dias, Joao S. M. Gesto, Filipe Pereira-Dutra, Joao P. B. Viola, Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior, Lays Cordeiro Guimaraes, Ian Meira Chaves, Pedro Pires Goulart Guimaraes, Vivian Vasconcelos Costa, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Patricia T. Bozza, Anderson R. Aguillon, Jarbas Siqueira-Junior, Sergio Macedo-Junior, Edineia L. Andrade, Guilherme P. Fadanni, Sara E. L. Tolouei, Francine B. Potrich, Adara A. Santos, Naiani F. Marques, Joao B. Calixto, Jaime A. Rabi
Summary: The study found that MB-905 (kinetin) can inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human hepatic and pulmonary cell lines, as well as reduce virus replication and inflammatory markers in infected monocytes. MB-905 inhibits viral RNA synthesis and induces error-prone virus replication. In addition, inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 exonuclease enhances the inhibitory effect of MB-905. The drug shows good oral absorption, stability, and long-lasting concentrations in plasma and lung tissue, with no mutagenic or cardiotoxic effects. Animal experiments demonstrate that MB-905 decreases viral replication, lung damage, hemorrhage, and inflammation. The clinical investigation of kinetin for a rare genetic disease suggests the potential for rapid development of a new antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Ongoing research on antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 is necessary due to the emergence of variant strains that can evade vaccine-induced immunity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shaojing Ye, Dlovan F. D. Mahmood, Fei Ma, Lin Leng, Richard Bucala, Pedro L. Vera
Summary: Activation of intravesical protease activated receptors-4 (PAR4) leads to bladder pain through the release of urothelial macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). This study aimed to identify the downstream signaling events of HMGB1 at the bladder that cause HMGB1-induced bladder pain in MIF-deficient mice. The results showed that HMGB1 increased urothelial oxidative stress and ERK activation, which mediated bladder pain. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) or selective ERK1/2 inhibitor (FR) prevented HMGB1-induced bladder pain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiheng Huang, Donghong Cui, Liujun Chen, Haibin Tong, Hong Wu, Grace K. Muller, Yadan Qi, Shuxia Wang, Jinjie Xu, Xiang Gao, Kathleen E. Fifield, Lingyan Wang, Zhengyuan Xia, Jacqueline L. Vanderluit, Suixin Liu, Lin Leng, Guang Sun, John McGuire, Lawrence H. Young, Richard Bucala, Dake Qi
Summary: This study reports a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of high fat-induced insulin resistance mediated by the loss of Pref-1. Pref-1, released from adipose Pref-1+ cells, inhibits MIF release from both Pref-1+ cells and adipocytes. High palmitic acid induces PAR2 expression in Pref-1+ cells, downregulating Pref-1 expression and release in an AMPK-dependent manner. The loss of Pref-1 increases adipose MIF secretion contributing to non-inflammatory insulin resistance in obesity.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
