Article
Virology
Yang Mei, Troy E. Messick, Jayaraju Dheekollu, Hee Jong Kim, Sudheer Molugu, Leonardo Josue Castro Munoz, Vera Moiskeenkova-Bell, Kenji Murakami, Paul M. Lieberman
Summary: EBV latent infection is associated with various diseases. EBNA1 is a viral protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the virus during latent infection. In this study, the structure of EBNA1 DNA-binding domain (DBD) and its interaction with different sites were determined using cryo-EM. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of EBNA1 was also found to interact with specific DNA sequences. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of EBNA1 binding and may have implications for targeting EBNA1 in EBV-associated diseases.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kidist Zealiyas, Seifegebriel Teshome, Aklilu Feleke Haile, Christoph Weigel, Ayinalem Alemu, Wondwossen Amogne, Getnet Yimer, Tamrat Abebe, Nega Berhe, Elshafa Hassan Ahmed, Robert A. Baiocchi
Summary: In Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seifegebriel Teshome, Elshafa Hassan Ahmed, Kidist Zealiyas, Abdulaziz Abubeker, Fisihatsion Tadesse, Christoph Weigel, Robert A. Baiocchi, Tamrat Abebe
Summary: This study investigated the genetic variation of EBV in lymphoma patients in Ethiopia. The results showed a higher distribution of EBV genotype 1 in these patients, and a significant association between age groups and EBV genotypes was observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anders J. Svendsen, Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard, Anette Holck Draborg, Rene Holst, Kirsten O. Kyvik, Marianne A. Jakobsen, Peter Junker, Gunnar Houen
Summary: The study revealed distinct differences in EBNA1 antibody levels between patients with RA and healthy individuals, as well as between relatives predisposed to RA and healthy subjects. The levels of EBNA1 antibodies associated with RA and family predisposition to RA are influenced by both genetics (including the shared epitope) and environmental factors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Seifegebriel Teshome, Kidist Zealiyas, Abdulaziz Abubeker, Fisihatsion Tadesse, Jayalakshmi Balakrishna, Christoph Weigel, Tamrat Abebe, Elshafa Hassan Ahmed, Robert A. Baiocchi
Summary: This study investigated the presence and viral load of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lymphoma patients from Ethiopia using molecular and serological approaches. EBV DNA was detected in 99% of patients, and serological analyses showed EBV presence in 96% of cases. A high EBV viral load was observed in more than half of the patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nan Zhang, Yuxin Zuo, Liping Jiang, Yu Peng, Xu Huang, Lielian Zuo
Summary: This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying the role of EBV in the development of central nervous system diseases, discussing its effects on neurons and glial cells, as well as its promotion of proliferative disorders in B and T lymphocytes. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Viktoryia Laurynenka, Lili Ding, Kenneth M. Kaufman, Judith A. James, John B. Harley
Summary: The association between EBV infection and SLE is reconfirmed, and the presence of anti-EBNA1 antibodies in SLE cases is more frequent than in EBV-infected controls, supporting the hypothesis that anti-EBNA1 contributes to SLE.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Danijela Miljanovic, Andja Cirkovic, Ivica Jermic, Milica Basaric, Ivana Lazarevic, Milka Grk, Rada Miskovic, Aleksa Despotovic, Ana Banko
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the association between EBV and RA by examining antibody titers, DNA viremia, infection status and EBNA1 variants in RA patients. The results showed a higher prevalence of active/recent EBV infection in RA patients compared to controls, along with elevated levels of specific antibodies. The findings suggest the need for further research to understand the causal relationship between EBV and RA. Evaluation: 8/10.
Article
Microbiology
Jing-xiao Xu, Rong Zhang, Dai-jia Huang, Ying Tang, Li-qin Ping, Bi-jun Huang, Hui-qiang Huang, Pierre Busson, Jiang Li
Summary: The interaction between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the host cell transcriptome plays a crucial role in the development of EBV-associated malignancies. Gal-9 expression is persistently increased in EBV-infected B cells, and its upregulation is associated with genes related to cell proliferation. Inhibition of Gal-9 expression hinders the establishment of latent infection and outgrowth of EBV-infected B cells, while exogenous Gal-9 promotes EBV infection and growth. Gal-9 has an oncogenic role in EBV-associated B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) by modulating EBNA1 and STING signals.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Limin Wang, Fahad Almsned, Kory R. Johnson, Yair Mina, Joan Ohayon, Xin Wei Wang, Steven Jacobson
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and the cause of MS remains unknown. This study investigated the antibody responses against various viruses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of MS patients, and found significant differences compared to healthy volunteers, as well as a pattern of antibody responses against multiple viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus. These findings indicate that virus-specific antibody signatures might reflect the disease-associated inflammatory milieu in the CSF of patients with neuroinflammatory diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xueyi Zheng, Ruixuan Wang, Xinke Zhang, Yan Sun, Haohuan Zhang, Zihan Zhao, Yuanhang Zheng, Jing Luo, Jiangyu Zhang, Hongmei Wu, Dan Huang, Wenbiao Zhu, Jianning Chen, Qinghua Cao, Hong Zeng, Rongzhen Luo, Peng Li, Lilong Lan, Jingping Yun, Dan Xie, Wei-Shi Zheng, Junhang Luo, Muyan Cai
Summary: This study introduces a deep convolutional neural network called EBVNet and its fusion with pathologists for predicting Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) from histopathology. EBVNet shows high accuracy in discriminating EBVaGC and the human-machine fusion significantly improves diagnostic performance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Kathy Shire, Edyta Marcon, Jack Greenblatt, Lori Frappier
Summary: Analysis of Epstein-Barr virus genomes revealed three amino acid changes in EBNA1 associated with gastric carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. One of these mutations, Thr85Ala, was found to decrease transcriptional activation and have a gain of function interaction with PLOD1 and PLOD3, proteins linked to multiple cancers. Identifying the interaction between EBNA1 and PLOD1 provides new insights into the connection between EBV infection and cancer.
Article
Microbiology
Sarah Preston-Alp, Lisa Beatrice Caruso, Chenhe Su, Kelsey Keith, Samantha S. Soldan, Davide Maestri, Jozef Madzo, Andrew Kossenkov, Giorgia Napoletani, Benjamin Gewurz, Paul M. Lieberman, Italo Tempera
Summary: This study demonstrated that Decitabine treatment can reduce the 5mC levels in the EBV genome and increase the amount of open chromatin in gastric cancer cell lines. It also revealed the presence of heterogeneous epigenetic states within the EBV genome, which are disrupted by Decitabine. These findings emphasize the importance of 5mC in maintaining EBV genomic chromatin structure and latency.
Article
Virology
Laura E. M. Dunn, Fang Lu, Chenhe Su, Paul M. M. Lieberman, Joel D. D. Baines
Summary: The ability of EBV to switch between latent and lytic infection is crucial for its long-term persistence, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this switch remain unclear. Using PRO-Seq, the study mapped RNA Pol positioning and activity during latency and reactivation and found that CTCF regulates viral early transcripts during reactivation. This finding suggests that CTCF binding at specific regions helps maintain the accessibility of the viral genome for productive replication.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Hannes Vietzen, Philippe L. Furlano, Jan J. Cornelissen, Georg A. Boehmig, Peter Jaksch, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stoeckl
Summary: This study found that nonclassic human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E)-restricted immune responses have a significant impact on the development of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) diseases in the individual host. The highly expressed HLA-E*0103/0103 genotype is protective against infectious mononucleosis (IM) by inducing potent EBV BZLF1-specific HLA-E-restricted CD8(+) T-cell responses. Variations in the inhibitory NKG2A/LMP-1/HLA-E axis are associated with the risk of symptomatic EBV reactivations in both immunocompetent individuals and immunocompromised transplant recipients.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.