Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Zhang, Mamun-Or Rashid, Tian-Yu Zhao, Yuan-Yuan Li, Meng-Jun He, Ying Wang, Da-Wei Li, Jia-Lin Yu, Cheng-Gui Han
Summary: The C-terminal truncation of P0 proteins compromises the systemic infection of BrYV and PLRV. While the truncation does not affect the local VSR activity of P0 proteins, the systemic infection cannot be rescued by transient or ectopic expression of VSR proteins. Additionally, systemic infection may be independent of the VSR activity of P0.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yaqin Wang, Hui Liu, Zhanqi Wang, Yushuang Guo, Tao Hu, Xueping Zhou
Summary: This study found that the P25 and P37 proteins of FLRaV play important roles in overcoming host RNA silencing and aggravating the symptoms and titer of virus infection, providing key insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying FLRaV infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lishuang Wang, Peijie Tian, Xiuling Yang, Xueping Zhou, Songbai Zhang, Chun Li, Xuehui Yang, Yong Liu
Summary: Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) is a new Polerovirus identified in Chinese pepper plants, causing symptoms such as intervein yellow staining and leaf curl. The P0 protein of PeVYV plays a role in pathogenicity, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) activity, and nuclear localization, with the F-box motif being crucial for symptom determination and PTGS inhibition. This study highlights the importance of further research on the F-box domain amino acids of the P0 protein in the interaction between PeVYV and plants.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Xiao-Yan Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Li, Ying Wang, Da-Wei Li, Jia-Lin Yu, Cheng-Gui Han
Summary: Polerovirus P0 proteins play multifunctional roles with viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) functions, as well as the ability to induce cell death in infiltrated regions of N. benthamiana. The study compared the features of P0 proteins encoded by different Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) genotypes, identified key residues for inducing cell death and revealed synergistic interactions with PEMV 2. This research provides theoretical guidance for controlling viral diseases caused by poleroviruses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yun Ju Kim
Summary: RNAs play crucial roles as messengers and regulators in cellular development and survival. RNA silencing and RQC are conserved machineries for RNA degradation, and recent studies have shown their interaction through sharing target RNAs and regulatory components.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sho Ohno, Rikako Makishima, Motoaki Doi
Summary: This study reveals the occurrence of PTGS in bougainvillea, leading to the loss of betalain biosynthesis, indicating the significant role of PTGS in diversifying color patterns not only in anthocyanin biosynthesis but also in betalain biosynthesis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chen Yang, Yiwen Zang, Siqi Wu, Quan Zhou, Yuxi Ou, Qiang Ding, Hao Wang, Zuquan Xiong
Summary: This study demonstrates that the circFTO/miR-514b-3p/DUSP4 axis plays an important role in the development of ccRCC and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
CELL DEATH DISCOVERY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Licheng Wang, Wenbao Chen, Huan Ma, Jingyuan Li, Xingan Hao, Yunfeng Wu
Summary: The phytoplasma encoded RSS SWP16 inhibits RNA silencing in plants, leading to viral infection and providing insight into pathogen-plant interaction mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert Pertermann, Ralph Peter Golbik, Selvaraj Tamilarasan, Torsten Gursinsky, Selma Gago-Zachert, Vitantonio Pantaleo, Iris Thondorf, Sven-Erik Behrens
Summary: Plant viruses can produce suppressor proteins that inhibit RNA silencing, a mechanism of antiviral plant immunity. These proteins can bind to virus-derived siRNAs and miRNAs, influencing cellular gene expression. The study found that a specific viral suppressor protein, p19, can bind to different miRNAs with varying affinities due to specific features in the RNA and protein molecules. These findings provide important insights into the efficiency and adaptability of the plant antiviral immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shuangchao Wang, Jingze Zhang, Clement Nzabanita, Mingming Zhang, Jianhua Nie, Lihua Guo
Summary: The study investigated the function of an uncharacterized protein encoded by FgHV1, p20, which was identified as a novel fungal RNA silencing suppressor in an agro-infiltration assay. The research elucidated the mechanism of RNA silencing suppression by p20, revealing its capability to bind single-strand sRNA in a non-sequence-specific manner from both virus and non-virus sources.
Article
Virology
Ken-Der Wang, Mansour A. Dughbaj, Tan Tri Nguyen, Tiffany Quyen Y. Nguyen, Shyamal Oza, Kevin Valdez, Priscilla Anda, Jacob Waltz, Melanie Ann Sacco
Summary: The protein P0 serves as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) for poleroviruses, but also elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in specific Nicotiana species. Deletions and mutations in the N-terminus and C-terminus of P0 affected both HR elicitation and VSR activity. Two conserved blocks of amino acid residues were associated with HR, and a specific mutation in block 1 enhanced HR. Deletion or mutation of block 2 preserved VSR activity but impaired HR, allowing the virus to escape from resistance in Nicotiana glutinosa.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiyeong Choi, Samira Pakbaz, Luz Marcela Yepes, Elizabeth Jeannette Cieniewicz, Corinne Schmitt-Keichinger, Rossella Labarile, Serena Anna Minutillo, Michelle Heck, Jian Hua, Marc Fuchs
Summary: In this study, researchers identified viral suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and demonstrated their ability to reverse systemic RNA silencing and modify host gene expression. These findings reveal the potential interference mechanism of GFLV in the plant antiviral RNA silencing pathways during infection.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Lingjiao Fan, Chengyong He, Dehang Gao, Tengfei Xu, Fei Xing, Jiaqi Yan, Binhui Zhan, Shifang Li, Hongqing Wang
Summary: This study identified two suppressors of RNA silencing, Pro2Glu and P28, encoded by the strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) RNA2 genome. These viral proteins were able to suppress local and systemic RNA silencing, and their stability and suppressive ability were influenced by specific amino acids and motifs. Additionally, Pro2Glu and P28 enhanced the accumulation of other viruses and exacerbated virus symptoms in plants.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuka Ohta, Go Atsumi, Chiharu Yoshida, Shigekazu Takahashi, Motoki Shimizu, Masahiro Nishihara, Takashi Nakatsuka
Summary: This study reveals the molecular mechanism of stripe bicolor formation in Japanese gentian and identifies post-transcriptional gene silencing of CHS as a specific degradation mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in corolla lobes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kelvin T. Chiong, Will B. Cody, Herman B. Scholthof
Summary: This study demonstrates that using viral RNA suppressors can enhance the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing by regulating the expression of Cas9. Age was found to affect the efficacy of the RNA suppressor P19 during gene editing in plants. Co-delivery of Cas9 and sgRNA using a single viral vector can improve editing efficiency.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.