Article
Virology
Bert Vanmechelen, Sien Meurs, Marie Horemans, Arne Loosen, Tibe Joly Maes, Lies Laenen, Valentijn Vergote, Fara Raymond Koundouno, N'faly Magassouba, Mandy Kader Konde, Ibrahima Sory Conde, Miles W. Carroll, Piet Maes
Summary: This study reports the discovery of 15 orthoparamyxoviruses in rodents and shrews from Belgium and Guinea, including 13 new species. Genome analysis revealed the characteristics and differences of these viruses, shedding further light on the complex evolutionary origin and diversity of paramyxoviruses.
Article
Virology
Oliver Siering, Bevan Sawatsky, Christian K. Pfaller
Summary: Paramyxoviruses, such as measles virus (MeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), express accessory proteins like the C protein, which play important roles in regulating the host's immune response and viral replication. MeV C protein prevents excessive production of double-stranded RNA, while a similar disruption in CDV's C open reading frame does not lead to attenuation. By introducing additional mutations to prevent expression of truncated C proteins, a new CDV was successfully attenuated both in cell culture and in ferrets, revealing the crucial role of morbillivirus C proteins in pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lorellin A. Durnell, Camilla E. Hippee, Roberto Cattaneo, Jennifer A. Bartlett, Brajesh K. Singh, Patrick L. Sinn
Summary: Amplification of measles virus within airway epithelial cells is important for its high contagiousness. This study demonstrates that interferon can slow the spread of measles virus in human airway epithelial cells, but other processes are more important for limiting cell-to-cell spread.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lorellin A. Durnell, Camilla E. Hippee, Roberto Cattaneo, Jennifer A. Bartlett, Brajesh K. Singh, Patrick L. Sinn
Summary: This study demonstrates that interferon signaling is insufficient to explain why cell-to-cell spread of measles virus is ultimately impeded within the cell layer. Measles virus can spread cell-to-cell in airway cells without inducing appreciable interferon response, which may contribute to its high contagiousness.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick Berche
Summary: Measles is a highly contagious and potentially fatal viral disease that mainly affects infants and young children. Extensive research on the viral nature of this disease was conducted in the 19th century and confirmed in the early 20th century. The widespread use of the measles vaccine has significantly reduced the number of cases and saved millions of lives. However, measles remains a global public health concern.
Article
Virology
Kosuke Oda, Yasuyuki Matoba, Masanori Sugiyama, Takemasa Sakaguchi
Summary: The study reveals the crucial role of the binding between the Respirovirus C protein and Alix in viral replication, with mutant C proteins of varying binding affinities showing impaired virus production. This interaction is essential for viral budding and provides insights for the development of new antiviral drugs against hPIV1.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Giulia Donato, Marisa Masucci, Eliana De Luca, Angela Alibrandi, Massimo De Majo, Shadia Berjaoui, Camillo Martino, Cyndi Mangano, Alessio Lorusso, Maria Grazia Pennisi
Summary: The study revealed a high prevalence of FeMV infection in cats from southern Italy, with a potential link to CKD. Older cats, foundling cats, and those living in rescue catteries were more susceptible to FeMV infection. Additionally, FeMV positivity was associated with higher serum creatinine levels and low urine specific gravity, as well as retroviral infection and certain clinical signs beyond CKD markers.
Article
Virology
Johannes Busch, Romy M. Heilmann, Thomas W. Vahlenkamp, Michael Sieg
Summary: Feline morbilliviruses (FeMV) have been found to have a global prevalence in cats, particularly in younger animals. Infection with FeMV is associated with elevated blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting an association with chronic kidney disease. Additionally, an association between FeMV infection and feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) has been detected.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyun A. Lim, Ji Yeong Noh, Seong Sik Jang, Min Chan Kim, Soo Hyun Moon, Ha Yeon Kim, Da Young Mun, Hye Kwon Kim
Summary: The study investigates the host cell responses to Shaan virus infection in human and monkey cell lines through transcriptome analysis and molecular experiments. The findings show that Shaan virus infection induces innate immune responses and upregulates immune factors in host cells. The expression of viperin, an ISG, varies depending on the host cell type, but does not significantly affect Shaan virus replication.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anet J. N. Anelone, Edward J. Hancock, Nigel Klein, Peter Kim, Sarah K. Spurgeon
Summary: The study investigated the control mechanisms of measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) infections and addressed the "measles paradox" through the development of a model. Results showed that immunosuppression is crucial for viral clearance, with T-cell killing as a primary mechanism, and discussed the robustness properties of T-cell immunity.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Santosh Panthi, Phuong Tieu Schmitt, F. Jeffrey Lorenz, Brent A. Stanfield, Anthony P. Schmitt
Summary: A flexible platform for protein delivery to target cell interiors using paramyxovirus-like particles has been developed, enabling efficient cargo packaging and delivery to target cells. This approach holds promise for safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins to cells and tissues, addressing current limitations in protein delivery for potential clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eleni Panagioti, Cheyne Kurokawa, Kimberly Viker, Arun Ammayappan, S. Keith Anderson, Sotiris Sotiriou, Kyriakos Chatzopoulos, Katayoun Ayasoufi, Aaron J. Johnson, Ianko D. Iankov, Evanthia Galanis
Summary: This study found that combination NAP-immunovirotherapy induced massive influx of lymphoid cells in mouse brain, with CD8+ T cell predominance; therapeutic efficacy was CD8+ T cell dependent. Inhibition of the IFN response pathway using the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib decreased PD-L1 expression on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the brain and further potentiated the therapeutic effect of MV-s-NAP-uPA and anti-PD1.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Arne Auste, Michael D. Muehlebach
Summary: This study establishes a functional rescue system for recombinant measles virus (MeV) using only two components, paving the way for easier and more efficient generation of recombinant MeV.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Marianne Wyss, Vaiva Gradauskaite, Nadine Ebert, Volker Thiel, Andreas Zurbriggen, Philippe Plattet
Summary: We established an efficient OP-CDV-based reverse genetics system, enabling the design of various strategies potentially contributing to veterinary medicine and research.
Article
Virology
Brigitta M. Laksono, Diana N. Tran, Ivanela Kondova, Harry G. H. van Engelen, Samira Michels, Sham Nambulli, Rory D. de Vries, W. Paul Duprex, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Rik L. de Swart
Summary: Measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), both belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, exhibit different behaviors when infecting the central nervous system. Research shows that MV and CDV have similar capabilities to infect neural cells in their respective natural host species.
Review
Immunology
Judith M. Fontana, Bettina Bankamp, Paul A. Rota
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2008)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Judith M. Fontana, Paul J. Christos, Zuleika Michelini, Donatella Negri, Andrea Cara, Mirella Salvatore
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Judith M. Fontana, Elizabeth Alexander, Mirella Salvatore
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2012)
Article
Virology
Bettina Bankamp, Judith M. Fontana, William J. Bellini, Paul A. Rota
Article
Virology
Zuleika Michelini, Judith M. Minkoff, Jianjun Yang, Donatella Negri, Andrea Cara, Brendon J. Hanson, Mirella Salvatore
Article
Virology
Kohei Oishi, Shu Horiuchi, Judith M. Minkoff, Benjamin R. tenOever
Summary: The coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus does not seem to result in increased severity of disease. In this study, it was found that influenza A virus infection interferes with the replication of SARS-CoV-2, but not vice versa. Understanding the consequences of coinfection is crucial as both viruses have the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Judith M. M. Minkoff, Benjamin tenOever
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 interferes with the host antiviral defenses in infected cells and triggers a response in bystander cells, leading to multiorgan dysfunction and long-term cognitive pathologies in COVID-19. This review examines the relationship between the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the cellular response to infection, highlighting how antagonism and dysregulation of host innate immune defenses contribute to disease severity of COVID-19.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Carrau, Justin J. Frere, Ilona Golynker, Alvaro Fajardo, Cristobal F. Rivera, Shu Horiuchi, Tyler Roonprapunt, Judith M. Minkoff, Daniel Blanco-Melo, Benjamin TenOever
Summary: This study used a golden hamster model to investigate the dynamics between SARS-CoV-2 infection in the airways and the systemic host response. It was found that early replication of the virus occurs mainly in the respiratory tract and olfactory system, with lesser extent in the heart and gastrointestinal tract. However, a host antiviral response was observed in every organ due to the presence of circulating type I and III interferons. These findings provide insights into the diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 and highlight the role of the respiratory tract in generating a systemic immune defense.
Article
Dermatology
Judith M. Fontana, Justin G. Mygatt, Katelyn L. Conant, Chris H. Parsons, Johnan A. R. Kaleeba
JOURNAL OF SKIN CANCER
(2014)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.