Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shengjie Feng, Cristina Puchades, Juyeon Ko, Hao Wu, Yifei Chen, Eric E. Figueroa, Shuo Gu, Tina W. W. Han, Brandon Ho, Tong Cheng, Junrui Li, Brian Shoichet, Yuh Nung Jan, Yifan Cheng, Lily Yeh Jan
Summary: TMEM16F is a calcium-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase involved in cell fusion. The cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound blockers, like niclosamide, were determined. The study explores the molecular basis of the dual functions of TMEM16F and investigates the ability of niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16F-dependent syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Yoritaka Fujii, Makoto Taniguchi, Shingo Nagaya, Yoshibumi Ueda, Chieko Hashizume, Ken Watanabe, Hiroyuki Takeya, Takeo Kosaka, Toshiro Okazaki
Summary: Deficiency of SMS1 in mice leads to depletion of sphingomyelin on platelet membrane microdomains, resulting in excessive phosphatidylserine externalization, increased platelet clearance, and ultimately causing hemostasis dysfunction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karl Kunzelmann, Jiraporn Ousingsawat, Andre Kraus, Julien H. Park, Thorsten Marquardt, Rainer Schreiber, Bjorn Buchholz
Summary: This article summarizes the common features of Cl--transporting proteins CFTR, SLC26A9, and anoctamin (ANO1; ANO6) in airway and renal diseases. Recent findings on electrolyte transport in the airways and kidneys, as well as the roles of CFTR, SLC26A9, ANO1, and ANO6 are reviewed. The article highlights the importance of CFTR as the main secretory Cl- channel in airways under basal and stimulated conditions, and provides information on the expressions and functions of ANO1 and ANO6, as well as the reabsorptive function of SLC26A9 in the airways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ning Wu, Hua Song, Andre Veillette
Summary: The asymmetric distribution of lipids across the plasma membrane is important for cell function and processes like apoptosis. Activation of NK cells leads to phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface, which does not necessarily mean cell death but may be part of cell activation regulation.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiao Mi, Pedram Roushan, Chris Quintana, Salvatore Mandra, Jeffrey Marshall, Charles Neill, Frank Arute, Kunal Arya, Juan Atalaya, Ryan Babbush, Joseph C. Bardin, Rami Barends, Joao Basso, Andreas Bengtsson, Sergio Boixo, Alexandre Bourassa, Michael Broughton, Bob B. Buckley, David A. Buell, Brian Burkett, Nicholas Bushnell, Zijun Chen, Benjamin Chiaro, Roberto Collins, William Courtney, Sean Demura, Alan R. Derk, Andrew Dunsworth, Daniel Eppens, Catherine Erickson, Edward Farhi, Austin G. Fowler, Brooks Foxen, Craig Gidney, Marissa Giustina, Jonathan A. Gross, Matthew P. Harrigan, Sean D. Harrington, Jeremy Hilton, Alan Ho, Sabrina Hong, Trent Huang, William J. Huggins, L. B. Ioffe, Sergei Isakov, Evan Jeffrey, Zhang Jiang, Cody Jones, Dvir Kafri, Julian Kelly, Seon Kim, Alexei Kitaev, Paul Klimov, Alexander N. Korotkov, Fedor Kostritsa, David Landhuis, Pavel Laptev, Erik Lucero, Orion Martin, Jarrod R. McClean, Trevor McCourt, Matt McEwen, Anthony Megrant, Kevin C. Miao, Masoud Mohseni, Shirin Montazeri, Wojciech Mruczkiewicz, Josh Mutus, Ofer Naaman, Matthew Neeley, Michael Newman, Murphy Yuezhen Niu, Thomas E. O'Brien, Alex Opremcak, Eric Ostby, Balint Pato, Andre Petukhov, Nicholas Redd, Nicholas C. Rubin, Daniel Sank, Kevin J. Satzinger, Vladimir Shvarts, Doug Strain, Marco Szalay, Matthew D. Trevithick, Benjamin Villalonga, Theodore White, Z. Jamie Yao, Ping Yeh, Adam Zalcman, Hartmut Neven, Igor Aleiner, Kostyantyn Kechedzhi, Vadim Smelyanskiy, Yu Chen
Summary: By measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators on a 53-qubit quantum processor, this experiment investigates the dynamics of quantum scrambling. It is shown that operator entanglement in idealized circuits requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate, while operator spreading can be captured by an efficient classical model. These results pave the way for studying complex physical observables with near-term quantum processors.
Article
Cell Biology
Ju-Ri Sim, Dong Hoon Shin, Pil-Gu Park, So-Hyeon Park, Joon-Yong Bae, Youngchae Lee, Dha-Yei Kang, Ye Jin Kim, Sowon Aum, Shin Hye Noh, Su Jin Hwang, Hye-Ran Cha, Cheong Bi Kim, Si Hwan Ko, Sunghoon Park, Dongkyu Jeon, Sungwoo Cho, Gee Eun Lee, Jeonghun Kim, Young-hye Moon, Jae-Ouk Kim, Jae-Sung Nam, Chang-Hoon Kim, Sungmin Moon, Youn Wook Chung, Man-Seong Park, Ji-Hwan Ryu, Wan Namkung, Jae Myun Lee, Min Goo Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of ANO6/TMEM16F-mediated cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in SARS-CoV-2 entry and the effectiveness of ANO6-selective inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infections. A6-001, a potent ANO6 inhibitor, shows promising results in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral replication.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Vijay Kumar Sharma, Jyoti Khandelwal, Sunita Singhal
Summary: Steganography plays an important role in secret sharing by embedding the secret image inside the cover image to create a stego image that appears identical to the cover image. However, to prevent attacks, it is necessary to enhance the security of the secret image, and scrambling techniques can help achieve this. This paper determines the best image scrambling technique by comparing different methods and evaluating their impact on image quality. The results show that the Hyperchaotic System and Fibonacci Q-Matrix method outperforms the other three methods.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dung M. Nguyen, Hwoi Chan Kwon, Tsung-Yu Chen
Summary: Intracellular divalent cations play a crucial role in regulating the molecular function of TMEM16 family members, with alkaline earth divalent cations in mM concentrations potentiating the effects on TMEM16A and altering the cation/anion selectivity of TMEM16F. This potentiation effect may be due to an increase in local concentrations of permeant ions via changes in pore electrostatic potential, possibly through interaction with phospholipid head groups in or near the pore.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Arndt, Carolina Alvadia, Monique S. Straub, Vanessa Clerico Mosina, Cristina Paulino, Raimund Dutzler
Summary: By studying the structure and function of TMEM16F mutants, the authors uncover how this protein is activated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ to initiate blood coagulation and trophoblast fusion, providing valuable insights for drug target development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roy J. Garcia, Kaifeng Bu, Arthur Jaffe
Summary: Quantum chaos, characterized by the spread of local quantum information called scrambling, has found various applications in physics. This work introduces a mathematical definition of scrambling and a resource theory to measure it, along with two applications. Firstly, the resource theory is used to establish a bound on magic, a potential source of quantum computational advantage that can be efficiently measured in experiments. Secondly, it is shown that scrambling resources limit the success of Yoshida's black hole decoding protocol.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tanushree Das, Chaitali Mukhopadhyay
Summary: Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the interactions between lipid bilayer mixture (POPC and cholesterol) and ganglioside monosialo 1 (GM1) with N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The interactions of GM1 with two different NTD orientations were compared. NTD orientation I shows compact binding of GM1 through sialic acid and external galactose moieties, restricting the mobility of GM1, while orientation II exhibits more distributed binding on the lipid surface, allowing the NTD receptor to penetrate deeper into the membrane.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae Won Roh, Ga Eun Hwang, Woo Kyung Kim, Joo Hyun Nam
Summary: ANO6 is a dual-function protein with Ca2+-activated ion channel and phospholipid scramblase activities. Structural comparison suggests that a homologous Ca2+-transferring site in the N-terminal domain (Nt) may be responsible for the differential Ca2+ sensitivity and kinetics of activation between ANO6 and ANO1.
MOLECULES AND CELLS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Qingling Zhu, Zheng-Hang Sun, Ming Gong, Fusheng Chen, Yu-Ran Zhang, Yulin Wu, Yangsen Ye, Chen Zha, Shaowei Li, Shaojun Guo, Haoran Qian, He-Liang Huang, Jiale Yu, Hui Deng, Hao Rong, Jin Lin, Yu Xu, Lihua Sun, Cheng Guo, Na Li, Futian Liang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Heng Fan, Xiaobo Zhu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Understanding phenomena in nonequilibrium dynamics of closed quantum many-body systems is crucial. This study uses a ladder-type superconducting quantum processor to simulate different models and reveals quantum thermalization and information scrambling. The controllable qubit ladder shows ergodicity and scrambling.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brian Kent, Sarah Racz, Sanjit Shashi
Summary: This article investigates the delocalization of quantum information in many-body systems and uses quantum cellular automata models for simulation. The study reveals that these models break ergodicity, showing quantum scarring. It is also found that the time scale of delocalization increases with the local Hilbert space dimension and follows a specific combinatorial pattern. Additionally, the study demonstrates that quantum scarring is mostly suppressed in semiclassical-chaotic systems, indicating their higher ergodicity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali Saitov, Maksim A. Kalutsky, Timur R. Galimzyanov, Toma Glasnov, Andreas Horner, Sergey A. Akimov, Peter Pohl
Summary: Lipid domains smaller than 200 nm can form a scaffold, enabling the coordinated functioning of plasma membrane proteins. The study suggests a different mechanism for regulating domain size, contrary to previous hypotheses based on spontaneous monolayer curvature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Norihiro Imai, Hayley T. Nicholls, Michele Alves-Bezerra, Yingxia Li, Anna A. Ivanova, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen
Summary: This study revealed the crucial role of skeletal muscle Them2 in the pathogenesis of HS and IR, suggesting it as a potential target for the management of NAFLD.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael L. Cato, Racheal Spurlin, Jeffery Cornelison, Nathan Jui, Eric Ortlund
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Filipp Frank, Meredith M. Keen, Anuradha Rao, Leda Bassit, Xu Liu, Heather B. Bowers, Anamika B. Patel, Michael L. Cato, Julie A. Sullivan, Morgan Greenleaf, Anne Piantadosi, Wilbur A. Lam, William H. Hudson, Eric A. Ortlund
Summary: The impact of mutations on commercially available antigen tests was evaluated. The results showed no vulnerabilities for detecting mutations found in variants of concern. This study provides valuable resources for predicting the performance of rapid antigen tests against different variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sanjeev Kumar, Anamika Patel, Lilin Lai, Chennareddy Chakravarthy, Rajesh Valanparambil, Elluri Seetharami Reddy, Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala, Meredith E. Davis-Gardner, Venkata Viswanadh Edara, Susanne Linderman, Kaustuv Nayak, Kritika Dixit, Pragati Sharma, Prashant Bajpai, Vanshika Singh, Filipp Frank, Narayanaiah Cheedarla, Hans P. Verkerke, Andrew S. Neish, John D. Roback, Grace Mantus, Pawan Kumar Goel, Manju Rahi, Carl W. Davis, Jens Wrammert, Sucheta Godbole, Amy R. Henry, Daniel C. Douek, Mehul S. Suthar, Rafi Ahmed, Eric Ortlund, Amit Sharma, Kaja Murali-Krishna, Anmol Chandele
Summary: In this study, a monoclonal antibody named 002-S21F2 was discovered, which is characterized by rare gene usage and possesses broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron sublineages.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel W. Blanchard, Leyla Anne Akay, Jose Davila-Velderrain, Djuna von Maydell, Hansruedi Mathys, Shawn M. Davidson, Audrey Effenberger, Chih-Yu Chen, Kristal Maner-Smith, Ihab Hajjar, Eric A. Ortlund, Michael Bula, Emre Agbas, Ayesha Ng, Xueqiao Jiang, Martin Kahn, Cristina Blanco-Duque, Nicolas Lavoie, Liwang Liu, Ricardo Reyes, Yuan-Ta Lin, Tak Ko, Lea R'Bibo, William T. Ralvenius, David A. Bennett, Hugh P. Cam, Manolis Kellis, Li-Huei Tsai
Summary: APOE4 has widespread effects on gene expression in the human brain, particularly in relation to cholesterol homeostasis and transport. Aberrant cholesterol deposition in oligodendrocytes leads to reduced myelination, while pharmacologically facilitating cholesterol transport improves learning and memory. This study provides insights into the impact of APOE4 on the aging human brain and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melissa M. Heintz, Jazmine A. Eccles, Emily M. Olack, Kristal M. Maner-Smith, Eric A. Ortlund, William S. Baldwin
Summary: In addition to over consumption, multiple factors contribute to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). CYP2B6, a human detoxification enzyme, has been found to be associated with obesity. It metabolizes PUFAs, with a preference for ALA metabolism and PUFAs at the 9- and 13-positions. Research using transgenic mice showed that CYP2B6 has an anti-obesity effect, but to a lesser extent compared to Cyp2b in mice. The inhibition of CYP2B6 by xenobiotics or dietary fats can worsen obesity and metabolic disease by disrupting PUFA metabolism and producing key lipid metabolites.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Priya Kapoor-Vazirani, Sandip K. Rath, Xu Liu, Zhen Shu, Nicole E. Bowen, Yitong Chen, Ramona Haji-Seyed-Javadi, Waaqo Daddacha, Elizabeth Minten, Diana Danelia, Daniela Farchi, Duc M. Duong, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Xingming Deng, Eric A. Ortlund, Baek Kim, David S. Yu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the deacetylation of SAMHD1 by SIRT1 facilitates its binding with ssDNA, promoting DNA end resection and homologous recombination. These findings provide insights into the mechanism governing the dNTPase-independent resection function of SAMHD1 in promoting genome stability.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristal M. Maner-Smith, Erin Ferranti, Anne Dunlop, Elizabeth Corwin, Eric A. Ortlund
Summary: African American women have higher rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially related to cardiometabolic complications of pregnancy. Changes in lipid levels, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), are associated with these complications. In this study, a lipid signature in early pregnancy serum samples of African American women was identified, which has a predictive accuracy of 74% for cardiometabolic complications. These findings suggest that blood-based markers in early pregnancy could potentially help identify at-risk individuals and tailor interventions.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alec A. Schmaier, Papa F. Anderson, Siyu M. Chen, Emale El-Darzi, Ivan Aivasovsky, Milan P. Kaushik, Kelsey D. Sack, H. Criss Hartzell, Samir M. Parikh, Robert Flaumenhaft, Sol Schulman
Summary: The study found that endothelial cells can switch from an anticoagulant surface to a procoagulant surface under pathogenic stimuli, promoting thrombotic cardiovascular disease. Two TMEM16 family members, TMEM16F and TMEM16E, were identified as crucial for the procoagulant activity of endothelial cells. In addition, the TMEM16 inhibitor benzbromarone was found to prevent endothelial cell procoagulant activity and thrombus formation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Melissa Renee Proffitt, Xu Liu, Eric A. Ortlund, G. Troy Smith
Summary: Hormones and receptors have coevolved to generate species diversity in hormone action. By comparing the structure and function of androgen receptors (ARs) in different fishes, it was found that AR alpha sequences vary considerably across species, which is associated with diversity in androgenic regulation of behavior. In ghost knifefishes, AR alpha in Apteronotus leptorhynchus has lost the ability to bind androgens, potentially explaining reversals in androgenic regulation and sex differences in electrocommunication behavior.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Sarah Farmer, Victoria Razin, Amanda Foster Peagler, Samantha Strickler, W. Bradley Fain, Gregory L. Damhorst, Russell R. Kempker, Nira R. Pollock, Oliver Brand, Brooke Seitter, Stacy S. Heilman, Eric J. Nehl, Joshua M. Levy, David S. Gottfried, Greg S. Martin, Morgan Greenleaf, David N. Ku, Jesse J. Waggoner, Elizabeth Iffrig, Robert G. Mannino, Yun F. Wang, Eric Ortlund, Julie Sullivan, Paulina A. Rebolledo, Viviana Claveria, John D. Roback, MacArthur Benoit, Cheryl Stone, Annette Esper, Filipp Frank, Wilbur A. Lam
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an accelerated development in point-of-care diagnostic testing. This has resulted in an increased demand for accurate and easy-to-use testing methods, suitable for non-traditional settings. In order to create effective POC technologies, it is important to consider the capabilities and limitations of users and their environments, following the principles of human factors.
CELL REPORTS METHODS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yang Xie, Xu Liu, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James M. Jordan, Jixuan Qiao, Fahrettin Haczeyni, Kristal M. Maner-Smith, Eric A. Ortlund, Baran A. Ersoy
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Renee S. Landzberg, Christopher S. Krumm, Stephanie R. Hare, Xu Liu, Eric A. Ortlund, David E. Cohen
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suzanne G. Mays, Emma H. D'Agostino, Autumn R. Flynn, Xiangsheng Huang, Guohui Wang, Xu Liu, Elizabeth J. Millings, C. Denise Okafor, Anamika Patel, Michael L. Cato, Jeffery L. Cornelison, Diana Melchers, Rene Houtman, David D. Moore, John W. Calvert, Nathan T. Jui, Eric A. Ortlund
Summary: This study demonstrates that mimicking phospholipid-NR interactions is an effective strategy to improve agonists of liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). By constructing molecules with elements of natural phospholipids appended to a synthetic LRH-1 agonist, the researchers were able to improve binding affinity, transcriptional activity, and disease-related outcomes in a colitis model.
CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
