Article
Microbiology
Mohamed A. Dkhil, Esam M. Al-Shaebi, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber, Abdulsalam Alkhudhayri, Felwa A. Thagfan, Saleh Al-Quraishy
Summary: In this study, Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extracts (ELE) were found to have antiparasitic, antioxidant, and protective effects against T. evansi infection in mice. ELE decreased trypanosome levels in the blood, improved weight loss, and reduced parasite-induced brain and spleen damage. Moreover, ELE exhibited antioxidant activity and improved histopathological changes in the spleen.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Nathalia Anderson Calomeno, Renato Simoes Moreira, Leonardo Antonio Fernandes, Franciane Batista, Julia Marques, Glauber Wagner, Luiz Claudio Miletti
Summary: The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the serum proteome of mice infected with Trypanosoma evansi using LC-MS/MS, identifying 30 T. evansi proteins and 31 mouse proteins with abundance changes. Two exclusive VSG epitopes were also identified in the host serum.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Waseem Khan, Mian Abdul Hafeez, Muhammad Lateef, Muhammad Awais, Abdul Wajid, Bilal Ahmed Shah, Sikandar Ali, Zian Asif, Mansoor Ahmed, Najeeb Kakar, Ajmal Nisar Mengal, Muhammad Wahab
Summary: Surra is a zoonotic disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi that has a severe impact on camels. A comprehensive study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of T. evansi infection in dromedaries in Balochistan province. The overall prevalence of T. evansi among examined camel samples was 28.24% and the risk of infection was higher in adult and male camels. The findings emphasize the need for strict surveillance and control measures.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Maria Teresa Tejedor-Junco, Adrian Melian Henriquez, Pedro Pelaez Puerto, Maria Dolores Ramos, Margarita Gonzalez-Martin, Manuel Morales Doreste, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Marc Desquesnes, Sergio Martin Martel, Juan Alberto Corbera
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence of Surra, a disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, in camels in the Canary Islands. Control measures implemented in 1997 led to a decrease in prevalence, but an outbreak in 2014 necessitated the establishment of a lazaret for isolation and further control measures. The only vector for the disease was Stomoxys calcitrans, and no other animals were found to be positive for T. evansi. The study provides evidence to aid in the control of African Animal Trypanosomosis in endemic areas and may contribute to revising control strategies for animal Trypanosomosis in camels.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dina M. Metwally, Isra M. Al-Turaiki, Najwa Altwaijry, Samia Q. Alghamdi, Abdullah D. Alanazi
Summary: The study investigated the occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in camels in Saudi Arabia and found that nearly half of the camels were infected, despite being undetectable in thin blood smears. The infection causes significant financial burden to camel breeders and owners, and detection of the parasite can reduce financial losses and improve camel mortality. Polymerase chain reaction was found to be more effective than microscopy at identifying T. evansi infection in camels.
Article
Parasitology
Ali Javanshir, Mousa Tavassoli, Bijan Esmaeilnejad
Summary: The current study aimed to detect Trypanosoma evansi in horses from different regions of Iran using morphological, serological, and molecular methods. Out of the 400 blood samples collected, 21% of the horses were positive for T. evansi in microscopic and serologic analyses, and 21% were positive in molecular analysis. Further molecular analyses showed that a subset of horses from Qom region were positive for T. evansi, with similarities to isolates from other countries. The data highlights the high risk of T. evansi infection in horses from Iran and emphasizes the need for comprehensive control programs to minimize the risk.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Pinaki Prasad Sengupta, Siju Susan Jacob, Atru Gnana Surya Chandu, Satadal Das
Summary: This study reports the emergence of atypical human trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in Kolkata and Canning area of India, which has not been previously reported. The research findings suggest that T. evansi isolates from India cluster together with isolates from different host species in other countries, forming a distinct clade.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rajender Kumar, Khushboo Sethi, Naresh Jindal, Sanjay Kumar, B. N. Tripathi
Summary: Non-species specific conjugates can be used for detecting antibodies against T. evansi infection in multiple animal hosts. Different conjugates have varying diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for different animal species.
RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruma Rani, Balasubramanian Narsiman, Rajender S. Varma, Rajender Kumar
Summary: Nanoencapsulation using natural gum damar as the encapsulation material has shown potential for enhancing the therapeutic effects of drugs. In this study, naphthoquinone derivatives were successfully encapsulated, and the nanoformulations exhibited significant antitrypanosomal effects with minimal cytotoxicity. The nanoparticles were stable, released the drug in a sustained manner, and induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic and necrotic effects on the Trypanosoma evansi cells.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Rajender Kumar, Khushboo Sethi, Kanisht Batra, Saroj Kumar, Shikha Jain, Sanjay Kumar
Summary: Recombinant ISG65 antigen expressed in E.coli has been proven to react with T.evansi-specific antibodies in experimentally infected horse serum samples, making it a good candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of T.evansi infection in different animals. No cross-reactivity was observed with other infections. Multiple copies of ISG protein were found in T.evansi isolate of horse origin.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Richard T. Kangethe, Eva M. Winger, Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli, Sneha Datta, Viskam Wijewardana, Charles E. Lamien, Hermann Unger, Theresa H. T. Coetzer, Giovanni Cattoli, Adama Diallo
Summary: This study investigated the effects of irradiation on the infectivity and gene expression of Trypanosoma evansi, a parasite that causes surra in mammalian hosts. Irradiation at different doses affected the parasite's ability to establish disease in mice and altered gene transcript abundance. Gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of different cellular processes at different doses and time points post-irradiation. These findings provide important insights into the infection mechanism of the parasite and suggest a potential strategy for developing a whole parasite vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wangchuk Dorjee Bhutia, Snehil Gupta, Ruma Rani, Kanisht Batra, Khushboo Sethi, Sanjay Kumar, Rajender Kumar
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of kinase inhibitors and protease inhibitors against Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra. The results showed that kinase inhibitors BAR and PAL, as well as protease inhibitor Z-PRO, exhibited significant growth inhibition against T. evansi. They also influenced the mRNA expression of certain genes in T. evansi. Furthermore, BAR and PAL showed cytotoxicity in equine PBMC's and Vero cell line. In vivo trials also showed the efficacy of BAR and PAL. These findings suggest that kinase inhibitors have potential as therapeutic molecules against surra.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Snehil Gupta, Sukhdeep Vohra, Khushboo Sethi, Surbhi Gupta, Bidhan Chandra Bera, Sanjay Kumar, Rajender Kumar
Summary: In this study, the macrocyclic lactone representative, ivermectin, was found to have potent trypanocidal activity against T. evansi. It inhibited the growth and multiplication of the organism significantly. The study also identified several key drug target genes that were down-regulated or up-regulated upon treatment with ivermectin, suggesting its potential impact on various cellular pathways.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Diksha Sharma, Snehil Gupta, Khushboo Sethi, Sanjay Kumar, Rajender Kumar
Summary: Polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) has been optimized as a convenient and sensitive tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of Trypanosoma evansi infection in livestock at the field level. The colorimetric PSR technique targets the ISG gene of T. evansi and has been shown to be specific against other pathogens. The PSR assay has a low detection limit and can provide results within 1 hour, making it a valuable tool for early infection detection, control, and elimination efforts.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tahani Salama Behour, Eman Mohamed Abd El Fattah
Summary: In this study, the genotype of Trypanosoma brucei evansi (T. b. evansi) in Egyptian camels was analyzed and a new variant of non-RoTat 1.2 T. b. evansi was discovered. The prevalence of RoTat 1.2 T. b. evansi was found to be higher compared to the non-RoTat 1.2 type, with the latter only detected in Aswan samples.
TROPICAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sydney E. Schnur, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Giovanna Baca, Sarah Sexton-Bowser, Davina H. Rhodes, Dmitriy Smolensky, Thomas J. Herald, Ramasamy Perumal, Daniel U. Thomson, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Summary: Sorghum phenolic extract showed inhibitory effects on bacterial pathogens causing bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses, especially on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sarah E. Remfry, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Mori Atobatele, Xiaorong Shi, Qing Kang, Randall K. Phebus, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja
Summary: STEC infections are major foodborne pathogens, with certain serogroups being responsible for most cases in the US. Wheat grains can be contaminated with STEC, and using EC broth is more effective for detecting and isolating STEC compared to mBPWp.
FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepthi Venkatachalapathy, Chandan Shivamallu, Shashanka K. Prasad, Gopenath Thangaraj Saradha, Parthiban Rudrapathy, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Sharanagouda S. Patil, Asad Syed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Ali H. Bahkali, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Kanthesh M. Basalingappa
Summary: The edible parts of Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, and Withania somnifera contain potent bioactive compounds like polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. This study evaluated the anti-cancer properties of these plant extracts on human liver cancer cells, finding that Withania somnifera showed the highest anti-proliferative activity.
Review
Biology
Sharanagouda S. Patil, Rajamani Shinduja, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh, Sulekha Phukan, Sachin Kumar, Pinaki Prasad Sengupta, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Ashwin Raut, Parimal Roy, Asad Syed, Najat Marraiki, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Helal F. Al-Harthi, Ali H. Bahkali, Chandan Shivamallu, Kollur Shiva Prasad
Summary: The Indian poultry industry, particularly duck farming, is rapidly growing. Duck population in India is concentrated in the north-east and southern parts of the country, mainly for egg and meat production. Analysis shows a global prevalence rate of 20% for duck diseases, with North America having the highest prevalence. This data can help policymakers develop effective intervention strategies for disease prevention and control.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samata E. Shetgaonkar, Shiva Prasad Kollur, Renjith Raveendran Pillai, Karthick Thangavel, Sanja J. Armakovic, Stevan Armakovic, Chandan Shivamallu, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Asad Syed, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Ali H. Bahkali, Fateh Singh
Summary: Highly functionalized spirocyclic ketals were successfully synthesized through asymmetric oxidative spirocyclization, followed by further acidic-hydrolysis to yield highly substituted 2-tetralone. Computational analysis using DFT calculations and MD simulations provided insights into the reactivity properties of the synthesized derivatives.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jenna A. Chance, Joel M. DeRouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Qing Kang, Joseph A. Loughmiller, Brian Hotze, Jordan T. Gebhardt
Summary: Feeding live yeast and yeast extracts tends to increase lactation feed intake, but has minimal effect on sow and litter performance. These additives also have minimal effect on the antimicrobial resistance of fecal E. coli isolates.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jenna A. Chance, Joel M. DeRouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja, Robert D. Goodband, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Qing Kang, Joseph A. Loughmiller, Brian Hotze, Jordan T. Gebhardt
Summary: Feeding yeast to sows during gestation and lactation improves offspring growth performance, but feeding yeast only during the nursery period may reduce growth performance. Offspring fed yeast additives show increased antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli isolates, but feeding live yeast and yeast extracts in the nursery phase may reduce resistance to certain antibiotics.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Madhuri Rajanna, Latha Muglihalli Shivashankar, Onkarappa Honnebagi Shivamurthy, Shwetha Uramundina Ramachandrappa, Virupaxappa Shekarappa Betageri, Chandan Shivamallu, Raghavendra Hallur Lakshmana Shetty, Saurabh Kumar, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Shiva Prasad Kollur
Summary: This study transformed corn cob and rice straw into nanocellulose through alkali treatment and acid hydrolysis methods. The nanocellulose exhibited thermal stability, fibrous nature, and nanoscale size. The research findings provide a pathway to utilize corn cob and rice straw as valuable raw materials.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Charley Cull, Vijay K. Singu, Brooke J. Cull, Kelly F. Lechtenberg, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Jennifer S. Schutz, Keith A. Bryan
Summary: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of two commercially available products, as daily direct-fed microbials, in reducing the adverse effects of C. perfringens infection in dairy calves. The results showed that daily feeding of L. animalis LA51 and P. freudenreichii PF24, with or without Bacillus lichenformis CH200 and Bacillus subtilis CH201, significantly reduced the incidence and severity of diarrhea, improved overall impression and appearance scores, and increased the survival rate of calves.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Charley Cull, Vijay K. Singu, Brooke J. Cull, Kelly F. Lechtenberg, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Jennifer S. Schutz, Keith A. Bryan
Summary: This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of using Lactobacillus animalis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii as direct-fed microbials in reducing the adverse effects of Salmonella infection in beef calves. The results showed that the presence of bacteria in feces was significantly lower in the probiotic group compared to the control group. The probiotic-fed calves also had better health scores and a lower presence of abnormal diarrhea. These findings support the potential economic and health benefits of using effective probiotics in animal feed.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Samuel Bohney, T. G. Nagaraja
Summary: Metabolomics analysis of liver abscesses in cattle identified 759 biochemicals, some of which may be potential biomarkers for detecting liver abscesses. Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are caused by multiple microbial infections and are only detectable at slaughter. This study provides insights into the metabolome of liver abscess purulent materials and suggests the diagnostic value of unique biochemicals in blood circulation.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Charley A. Cull, Vijay K. Singu, Jenna J. Bromm, Kelly F. Lechtenberg, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Brooke J. Cull
Summary: In this study, 90 pigs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Endovac-Porci as a vaccine against Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that pigs administered with Endovac-Porci had improved body weight gain, average daily gain, and overall health compared to the control group. The study suggests that Endovac-Porci could provide broad-spectrum protection against enteric and respiratory effects of Gram-negative bacteria in piglets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sanjay S. Majani, Meghana, S. H. Sowmyashree, J. Sowjanyashree, Sahaja Umesh, Chandan Shivamallu, Muzaffar Iqbal, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, K. N. Venkatachalaiah, Shiva Prasad Kollur
Summary: The present work describes the fabrication of Barium Lanthanum Oxide nanosheets via a simple precipitation method. The nanosheets exhibit an orthorhombic crystal system with an average crystallite size of 27 nm. They possess strong absorption and fluorescence properties, and demonstrate potential applications in fingerprint detection and dye degradation.
Review
Microbiology
Noel Gahamanyi, Dae-Geun Song, Leonard E. G. Mboera, Mecky I. Matee, Dieudonne Mutangana, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Erick V. G. Komba, Cheol-Ho Pan
Summary: Campylobacter jejuni is influenced by TCSs and single regulators, playing a key role in its pathogenicity by affecting motility, colonization, nutrient acquisition, and stress response. Limited research has been conducted on C. jejuni, but TCSs are still considered important contributors to its virulence.
MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashank M. Patil, Ramith Ramu, Prithvi S. Shirahatti, Chandan Shivamallu, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
Summary: Thymus vulgaris Linn. is a medicinal herb with various pharmacological activities known since ancient Egyptian times. Compounds extracted from this plant have been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.