Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ping Yang, Wei Liu, Jiajia Zheng, Yuanyuan Zhang, Li Yang, Na He, Suodi Zhai
Summary: Therapeutic drug monitoring is an effective tool for individualized use of voriconazole, but integrating pharmacodynamic data with pharmacokinetic parameters can better predict therapeutic outcomes. The study showed that individualizing voriconazole regimens based on pharmacokinetic parameters and pathogen susceptibility data through simulations was feasible and correlated with clinical efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Saeed Alqahtani, Asma Alfarhan, Abdullah Alsultan, Emad Alsarhani, Abdulaziz Alsubaie, Yousif Asiri
Summary: Micafungin is commonly used for invasive candidiasis in critically ill patients and those with cancer, as well as for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenic fever. This study found that cancer patients had significantly higher micafungin clearance compared to non-cancer patients, and that factors such as transaminases and body weight influenced micafungin clearance. The probability of target attainment increased with higher doses and decreased with higher MICs in both groups, with non-cancer patients achieving higher pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets in simulations.
Article
Microbiology
Lucile Dheyriat, Laurent Bourguignon, Thomas Perpoint, Tristan Ferry, Sylvain Goutelle
Summary: This study evaluated the adequacy of alternative dosage regimens for ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam in patients with renal impairment, showing that these regimens achieved PK/PD targets and were not associated with overexposure.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xingchen Bian, Xiaofen Liu, Fupin Hu, Meiqing Feng, Yuancheng Chen, Phillip J. Bergen, Jian Li, Xin Li, Yan Guo, Jing Zhang
Summary: The study investigated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints of polymyxin B for bloodstream infections and determined appropriate dosing regimens for Chinese patients. The results suggested that the recent withdrawal of polymyxin susceptible breakpoints by CLSI needs to be reconsidered for bloodstream infections.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alicia Rodriguez-Gascon, Ana Alarcia-Lacalle, Maria Angeles Solinis, Ana del Pozo-Rodriguez, Zurine Abajo, Maria Cabero, Andres Canut, Arantxa Isla
Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of calcium fosfomycin in urine after oral administration and assessed its effectiveness for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli. The results showed that oral calcium fosfomycin at a dose of 1000 mg every 8 hours provided sufficient urine concentrations to ensure efficacy in UTI treatment in women.
Article
Microbiology
Sazlyna Mohd Sazlly Lim, Aaron J. Heffernan, Jason A. Roberts, Fekade B. Sime
Summary: The study demonstrated that the fosfomycin-sulbactam combination therapy showed synergistic effects against CR-AB isolates, reducing MIC values and achieving a moderate probability of bacterial burden reduction. This suggests that FOS/SUL may be a potential effective treatment for certain CRAB infections.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eon-Bee Lee, Muhammad Aleem Abbas, Jonghyun Park, Dereje D. Tassew, Seung-Chun Park
Summary: The study aimed to establish the efficacy of tylosin in treating concurrent infections of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida in pigs. The results showed that tylosin effectively targeted both pathogens and exerted bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shubai Zhong, Xu Zhu, Limei Zhao, Yan Song, Jian Yu, Zhen Zheng, Bin Zang
Summary: Parameters influencing micafungin pharmacokinetics in Chinese septic patients were identified, with alanine aminotransferase and sequential organ failure assessment score significantly affecting drug clearance and distribution volume. Monte Carlo simulations suggested that daily doses of at least 200-250 mg were needed to reach inhibitory concentration breakpoints for Candida species, and a 300 mg dose could not achieve target attainment for certain Candida strains. Higher micafungin doses may be necessary for improved clinical outcomes in non-Candida albicans infections.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Vasiliki Koumaki, Aristides Dokoumetzidis, Maria Galini Faidra Angelerou, Stavroula Baka, Indran Balakrishnan, Athanasios Tsakris
Summary: This study aims to determine the dosage recommendations for the treatment of urosepsis and infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. The results indicate that 1,000 mg three times a day and 1,000 to 1,200 mg four times a day regimens of intravenous mecillinam are effective against different types of pathogens.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yukihiro Hamada, Hidefumi Kasai, Moeko Suzuki-Ito, Yasufumi Matsumura, Yohei Doi, Kayoko Hayakawa
Summary: The optimal regimens for cefmetazole and flomoxef treatment in urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales are not well established. This study found that the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets for cefmetazole and flomoxef were 70% T > MIC, indicating bactericidal activity. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the probability of target attainment for different renal function groups. The results suggest different optimal dosages of cefmetazole and flomoxef for patients with different renal functions.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mizuki Kusumoto, Tomoki Motegi, Haruna Uno, Mizuki Yokono, Kazuki Harada
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetic indices of cefmetazole (CMZ) in dogs and performed pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analyses using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The results showed that a regimen of 40 mg/kg every 6 hours of CMZ could be a viable treatment option for dogs infected with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Quentin Valle, Beatrice B. Roques, Alain Bousquet-Melou, David Dahlhaus, Felipe Ramon-Portugal, Veronique Dupouy, Delphine Bibbal, Aude A. Ferran
Summary: Minocycline shows potential activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria, but may impact gut microbiota during treatment. Research found that minocycline concentrations in the intestines were higher than in plasma, but its activity in large intestine content was lower than in a standard broth.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pan Ma, Shenglan Shang, Wei Feng, Chang Liu, Fang Liu, Lirong Xiong, Qing Dai, Yongchuan Chen
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levofloxacin. The results showed that there were differences between brand-name and generic medications in terms of drug content, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it is recommended to include pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis in the bioequivalence evaluation system.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
You Li, Bingqian Yan, Siwei Guo, Miaomei Tian, Yuan Li, Huan Tong, Yunsong Yu, Jing Shao, Yuxia Xin, Hui Chen, Bing Xu, Xin Li
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of cefepime-avibactam in healthy Chinese subjects and explore the optimal regimen for treating carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. YK-1169 showed good antibacterial activity against CRKP and the regimen of 2.5 g q8h intravenously for 2 hours should be considered in future clinical trials.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qi Rao, Yonggong Yang, Siliang Wang, Huaijun Zhu, Lu Jin, Jinping Zhang, Mengying Liu
Summary: A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was developed for biapenem in patients with febrile neutropenia and haematological malignancies, and optimal administration regimens were suggested based on the developed model. Through chromatography and NONMEM analysis, PK parameters were analyzed in Chinese patients, and the drug clearance process was found to be influenced by creatinine clearance and concomitant posaconazole. Higher dosages and extended infusion durations were recommended for empirical therapy, especially in patients with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Melanie Madsen, Hiroko Enomoto, Kristen Messenger, Mark G. Papich
Summary: The study found that the housing environment did not significantly affect the oral absorption of acetaminophen in dogs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer L. Halleran, Mark G. Papich, Miao Li, Zhoumeng Lin, Jennifer L. Davis, Fiona P. Maunsell, Jim E. Riviere, Ronald E. Baynes, Derek M. Foster
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Naila J. Telles, Bradley T. Simon, Elizabeth M. Scallan, Emily N. Gould, Mark G. Papich, Yuqing He, Mu-Tien Lee, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Jorg M. Steiner, Aarti Kathrani, M. Katherine Tolbert
Summary: This study aimed to characterize GI transit times and pH in healthy cats. Results showed significant differences in gastric and intestinal pH when the pH capsule was administered at different times relative to feeding, and high variability in transit times between individuals and within individuals.
JOURNAL OF FELINE MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Marilyn N. Martinez, Mark G. Papich, Raafat Fahmy
Summary: This overview explores species-specific factors influencing oral drug solubility and formulation approaches to overcome solubility-associated bioavailability challenges. It discusses the differences in gastrointestinal fluid composition among species, different oral dosage forms used in various animals, and the impact of prandial state in dogs and cats.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Rebecca A. Bloch, Mark G. Papich, Til Sturmer
Summary: This study describes the patterns of antimicrobial prescriptions for sporadic urinary tract infections in dogs in the United States from 2010 to 2019. The results show that the proportion of visits resulting in no antimicrobial prescription increased over the 10-year period, while the prescriptions for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid also increased. The use of fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins remained constant.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mark G. Papich, Melanie Madsen, Kristen Messenger, Hiroko Enomoto
Summary: This study tested the feasibility of using an SC mini-infusion pump to deliver ceftazidime in dogs and maintain plasma concentrations at a therapeutic target for 48 hours. The results showed that the SC infusion maintained plasma concentrations near the target for most of the dose interval, with a slight decrease after 24 hours. This study demonstrated the successful application of the RxActuator Mini-Infuser wearable SC constant rate infusion pump for delivering an antimicrobial needed for serious infections in dogs.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lauren P. Kane, Matthew R. O'Connor, Mark G. Papich
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in yellow stingrays, suggesting an oral dose of 2 mg/kg once daily as recommended dosage and frequency. Intramuscular administration may not maintain clinically relevant plasma concentrations due to rapid elimination. Further research is needed to determine multidose pharmacokinetics in yellow stingrays and in other elasmobranch species.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
M. Katherine Tolbert, Naila J. Telles, Bradley T. Simon, Elizabeth M. Scallan, Joshua M. Price, Emily N. Gould, Mark G. Papich, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Jorg M. Steiner, Aarti Kathrani
Summary: This study aimed to characterize gastrointestinal transit times and pH in dogs and compare them to data from cats. The results showed differences in transit times and pH between dogs and cats, with shorter transit times observed in dogs in the prefeeding period.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Nicola Pusterla, Wendy Vaala, Fairfield T. Bain, Duane E. Chappell, Bryant Craig, Chrissie Schneider, D. Craig Barnett, Earl Gaughan, Mark G. Papich
Summary: This study aimed to determine if the FDA-labeled dose of diclazuril given once weekly to healthy adult horses could achieve steady-state concentrations in plasma known to inhibit S. neurona in cell culture. The results showed that oral administration of the FDA-labeled dose of diclazuril to healthy horses once a week was able to produce steady-state plasma drug concentrations known to inhibit S. neurona in vitro.
JOURNAL OF EQUINE VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jennifer J. Kilburn, Dennis Schmitt, Wendy Kiso, Mark G. Papich, Kay A. Backues
Summary: Appropriate and effective antibiotic use varies across species in veterinary medicine. This study examined the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin after oral and rectal administration in Asian elephants, and found that both routes achieved adequate concentrations for potential treatment. However, individualized treatment should be based on antimicrobial stewardship principles, culture and susceptibility testing, and blood level monitoring.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mark G. Papich
Summary: This article summarizes the antibiotic recommendations for treating skin infections published in the past 30 years. It highlights the shift in treatment approach due to the increase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp (MRSP), especially in dogs. The use of topical treatments and culture/susceptibility testing has increased, and previously less commonly used antibiotics are now considered for treatment.
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jonathan D. Foster, Mahmoud Abouraya, Mark G. Papich, Nancy A. Muma
Summary: This study aimed to determine if enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin have reduced clearance in cats with reduced kidney function. The results showed that body weight was the only covariate affecting the volume of distribution and clearance of total fluoroquinolone, while kidney function did not have a significant effect on total fluoroquinolone clearance. Therefore, dosage adjustment of enrofloxacin is not necessary for azotemic cats.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna K. McManamey, Teresa C. DeFrancesco, Kathryn M. Meurs, Mark G. Papich
Summary: The pharmacokinetics of pimobendan were investigated in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). The study found that the pharmacokinetic parameters were highly variable among this group of dogs, and the variability was not associated with dog characteristics.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michael S. McEntire, Jennifer A. Landolfi, Michael J. Adkesson, Mark G. Papich, Samantha J. Sander, Leena Roy, Alexandria Talley, Lauren Vincent, Matthew C. Allender
Summary: This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ponazuril for the treatment of systemic isosporosis. The results suggested that a dosage of 100 mg/kg ponazuril administered via direct gavage or top-dressed feed could inhibit the production of oocysts and reduce the shedding, decreasing the risk of infection in susceptible juveniles.
JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Emily Allyson Hartman, Daniela Pena Hernandez, Gena Kenitra Hendrix, Marije Risselada, Hsin-Yi Weng, Mark G. Papich, Sun Young Kim
Summary: This study compared the antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate (CaSO4) beads after storage for different durations. It was found that correctly stored antibiotic-impregnated CaSO4 beads can be used for at least 12 months after formulation.
VETERINARY SURGERY
(2023)