Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nuria Canibe, Ole Hojberg, Hanne Kongsted, Darya Vodolazska, Charlotte Lauridsen, Tina Skau Nielsen, Anna A. Schonherz
Summary: Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is a major challenge in pig production, and the use of zinc oxide and antibiotics has been common for its prevention and treatment. However, due to negative environmental impact and antimicrobial resistance, the use of high levels of zinc oxide has been banned in many countries. Researchers are actively searching for alternative measures with minimal antibiotic use and without zinc oxide. Many feeding strategies and additives have shown positive effects on PWD, but the results may vary. A combination of measures tailored to specific conditions is likely the best strategy, but detailed knowledge of their modes of action is needed for effective design.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Janaina Teixeira Costa de Pontes, Anna Beatriz Toledo Borges, Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda, Fernando Rogerio Pavan
Summary: Bacterial resistance is a global public health emergency, exacerbated by biofilm formation in bacteria. Studying new molecules such as antimicrobial peptides is important for combating multi-drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Malene Kjelin Morsing, Inge Larsen, Ken Steen Pedersen, Nicolai Rosager Weber, Jens Peter Nielsen
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of neomycin in a single high dose and a standard dose and frequency in treating post-weaning diarrhea in pigs caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The results showed that the single high-dose group had a higher cure rate and there was no evidence of increased neomycin resistance in haemolytic E. coli compared to the standard treatment.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Muhammad Shoaib, Zhoulin He, Xiang Geng, Minjia Tang, Ruochen Hao, Shengyi Wang, Ruofeng Shang, Xuehong Wang, Hongjuan Zhang, Wanxia Pu
Summary: E. coli strains were isolated from a dairy farm environment in Xinjiang, China, and their epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial resistance, virulence-associated genes, and phylogenetic relationship were investigated. The majority of the E. coli strains showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and cefotaxime. The strains carried widely distributed antibiotic resistance genes and virulence-associated genes, posing a potential threat to humans through contaminated milk and meat, surface water, and agricultural crops.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Esben Ostergaard Eriksen, Jens Peter Nielsen, Marianne Viuf Agerlin, Anja Ejlersgard Christensen, Ken Steen Pedersen
Summary: This study aimed to propose a simple and reliable protocol for assessing the prevalence of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs. By identifying a clinical marker and comparing different sampling strategies, the study found that fecal soiling was the best predictor of diarrhea and recommended a four-step survey protocol using randomized sampling within selected pens.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Mohammed A. Samad, Md Shahjalal Sagor, Muhammad Sazzad Hossain, Md Rezaul Karim, Mohammad Asheak Mahmud, Md Samun Sarker, Fahria A. Shownaw, Zakaria Mia, Roderick M. Card, Agnes Agunos, Lindahl Johanna
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in food animals and meats in Bangladesh. The findings suggest a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in food animals and retail meats, posing a risk to consumers and limiting therapeutic options.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Martin Rihacek, Ludmila Kosaristanova, Tatiana Fialova, Michaela Kuthanova, Ales Eichmeier, Eliska Hakalova, Martin Cerny, Miroslav Berka, Jana Palkovicova, Monika Dolejska, Pavel Svec, Vojtech Adam, Ludek Zurek, Kristyna Cihalova
Summary: This study investigated the impact of zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. The results showed that extended zinc exposure led to bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics and impaired growth under elevated temperatures. Withdrawal of zinc reversed these effects, and zinc exposure caused significant changes in cell transcripts and proteins.
Article
Microbiology
Liting Wu, Hongduo Bao, Zhengquan Yang, Tao He, Yuan Tian, Yan Zhou, Maoda Pang, Ran Wang, Hui Zhang
Summary: The study found that Listeria isolates from meat processing environments exhibited high antimicrobial resistance, with a majority of isolates showing resistance to multiple antibiotics and carrying various resistance genes. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that specific ST types dominated in processing plants, demonstrating high invasion characteristics.
Article
Microbiology
Yan Jia, Wei Mao, Bo Liu, Shuangyi Zhang, Jinshan Cao, Xiaojing Xu
Summary: This study investigated the drug resistance and virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of calf diarrhea in cattle farms. The results showed that these isolates had high drug resistance rates and carried various virulence genes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nikoletta Argyro Theocharidi, Iliana Balta, Dimitra Houhoula, Andreas G. Tsantes, George P. Lalliotis, Angeliki C. Polydera, Haralambos Stamatis, Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
Summary: The study revealed a high frequency of foodborne Klebsiella pneumoniae in Greece, with most strains carrying both resistance and virulence genes, indicating a significant risk to human health.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marcus Wing Choy Loe, Kee Thai Yeo
Summary: This study aimed to describe the patterns of early-life surface colonization with multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) among newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The study found that MDROs accounted for a certain proportion of gram-negative bacteria in this setting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Essam M. Abdelfattah, Pius S. Ekong, Emmanuel Okello, Deniece R. Williams, Betsy M. Karle, Joan D. Rowe, Edith S. Marshall, Terry W. Lehenbauer, Sharif S. Aly
Summary: The survey results show that some dairy producers in California seek veterinary advice when using AMDs, and the majority of producers are aware that medically important AMDs require a prescription. However, nearly half of the respondents believe that AMD use in livestock does not pose any problems for humans.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Raghavee Neupane, Myra Bhathena, Gopika Das, Elizabeth Long, Jennifer Beard, Hiwote Solomon, Jon L. Simon, Yasir B. Nisar, William B. MacLeod, Davidson H. Hamer
Summary: Diarrhoea is a major cause of death in children under five, and the effectiveness of treatment is decreasing due to rising antibiotic resistance. The World Health Organization recommends oral rehydration therapy, intravenous fluids, and zinc supplements, while antibiotics are only recommended for invasive diarrhoea.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alison Collins, Bethany Bowring
Summary: Pigs are susceptible to intestinal pathogens and dysbiosis after weaning. Antibiotics like neomycin and zinc oxide prevent diarrhea but also kill beneficial bacteria and contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Bromelain, on the other hand, controls diarrhea without inducing resistance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Renzhammer Rene, Vetter Sebastian, Dolezal Marlies, Schwarz Lukas, Kaesbohrer Annemarie, Ladinig Andrea
Summary: Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is a common and complex disease in piglets with significant economic losses. The emergence of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates and the ban of zinc oxide (ZnO) in the EU necessitate the exploration of alternative preventive measures. This study aimed to identify differences in management practices, housing, and feeding strategies between farms with and without PWD, and found that treatment with ZnO and/or colistin, implementation of all-in/all-out system in nursery units, supplementation with probiotics or horseradish, and higher number of feeding phases were associated with lower PWD incidence.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Rajib Majumder, Brodie Sutcliffe, Phillip W. Taylor, Toni A. Chapman
Article
Microbiology
Tiziana Zingali, Toni A. Chapman, John Webster, Piklu Roy Chowdhury, Steven P. Djordjevic
Article
Microbiology
Tiziana Zingali, Cameron J. Reid, Toni A. Chapman, Daniela Gaio, Michael Liu, Aaron E. Darling, Steven P. Djordjevic
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rajib Majumder, Brodie Sutcliffe, Phillip W. Taylor, Toni A. Chapman
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Rajib Majumder, Brodie Sutcliffe, Saleh Mohammad Adnan, Bishwo Mainali, Bernard C. Dominiak, Phillip W. Taylor, Toni A. Chapman
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Plant Sciences
P. Dadd-Daigle, K. Kirkby, P. Roy Chowdhury, M. Labbate, Toni A. Chapman
Summary: Verticillium dahliae is a major soil-borne phytopathogen causing Verticillium wilt in many important crops globally, including cotton. In Australia, the billion-dollar cotton industry is increasingly impacted by the disease. Different strains of V. dahliae exhibit varying levels of damage to crops in Australian fields, highlighting the need for ongoing research and management strategies to control the disease.
AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Daniela Gaio, Matthew Z. DeMaere, Kay Anantanawat, Graeme J. Eamens, Michael Liu, Tiziana Zingali, Linda Falconer, Toni A. Chapman, Steven P. Djordjevic, Aaron E. Darling
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the pig gut microbiota, focusing on the effects of probiotics and intramuscular antibiotic treatment. The dataset generated can be utilized to explore various ecological questions related to antimicrobial resistance, host-associated microbial communities, and phage dynamics.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Daniela Gaio, Matthew Z. DeMaere, Kay Anantanawat, Toni A. Chapman, Steven P. Djordjevic, Aaron E. Darling
Summary: By analyzing time-series samples of the pig gut microbiome, it was found that a highly structured developmental program exists in piglet gut microbial communities following weaning, which is robust to interventions. Specific taxonomic 'signatures' and the carbohydrate repertoire of organisms resident in the porcine gut were identified, providing insights for the design of probiotics and prebiotic interventions to modify the piglet gut microbiome.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Rajib Majumder, Phillip W. Taylor, Toni A. Chapman
Summary: The domestication process strongly affects the microbiome of Queensland fruit flies (Qfly). The changes in the microbiome have implications for the functional relationship between Qfly and its microbiome, as well as the performance of domesticated and mass-reared insects for sterile insect technique (SIT) programs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Pearl Dadd-Daigle, Damian Collins, Karen Kirkby, Sharlene Roser, Peter Lonergan, Piklu Roy Chowdhury, Maurizio Labbate, Toni A. Chapman
Summary: This study confirms the existence of VCG2A and VCG1A isolates of Verticillium dahliae in Australia that can cause significant damage to cotton plants. The use of ISSR analysis helps to distinguish these isolates from other population and is important for disease diagnosis and confirmation.
AUSTRALASIAN PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Mohammad Arif, Robert Czajkowski, Toni A. Chapman
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Kirk Broders, Andrew Aspin, Jordan Bailey, Toni Chapman, Perrine Portier, Bevan S. Weir
Summary: Biological collections play a crucial role in preserving our past and protecting our future. This article focuses on the significance of plant bacterial culture collections in global biosecurity and their role in monitoring plant pathogenic bacteria. It presents five case studies to illustrate the importance of culture collections in different situations and discusses the best practices for microbial preservation and accessioning rates. The article emphasizes the need for plant bacterial culture collections to increase their deposits to be prepared for future emerging pathogens and highlights the importance of preserving valuable bacterial strains for global scientific success and biosecurity.
Article
Microbiology
John Webster, Monica A. Kehoe, Elisse Nogarotto, Linda Falconer, Nerida Jane Donovan, Toni A. Chapman
Summary: Swift and accurate diagnostics are essential for responding to pathogen incursions. Current assays for citrus bacterial canker lack specificity when testing Australian samples, prompting the development of a more specific detection tool. Genomic comparisons and validation against isolates were utilized to develop an improved diagnostic method with 100% corroboration, enhancing the ability for effective identification of citrus bacterial canker.
Article
Plant Sciences
K. Kirkby, J. Webster, B. B. Landa, C. Olivares, S. Roser, L. Falconer, D. Gopurenko, T. A. Chapman
Summary: This study reports for the first time the presence of V. dahliae VCG6 isolates infecting X. occidentale in Australia. Morphological and molecular analysis, as well as fulfilment of Koch's postulates, confirmed V. dahliae as the causal pathogen.
AUSTRALASIAN PLANT DISEASE NOTES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela Gaio, Matthew Z. DeMaere, Kay Anantanawat, Graeme J. Eamens, Linda Falconer, Toni A. Chapman, Steven Djordjevic, Aaron E. Darling
Summary: Currently, little is known about the effects of intramuscular antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome. This study investigated the effects of two probiotic- and one intramuscularly administered antibiotic treatment on the developing gut microbiome of post-weaning piglets. The results showed that individual host differences, such as breed, litter, and age, were important contributors to variation in the community composition, with host age being the dominant factor in shaping the gut microbiota of piglets after weaning.
