Review
Microbiology
Xin-xin Chen, Songlin Qiao, Rui Li, Jing Wang, Xuewu Li, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: By studying how PRRSV evades host immune responses, we can understand that the virus establishes long-term infection through various complex mechanisms, which is a major obstacle in controlling PRRS disease. Understanding the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will contribute to the development of novel antiviral strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Loic Vivien Bocard, Andrew Robert Kick, Corinne Hug, Heidi Erika Lisa Lischer, Tobias Kaser, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study aimed to understand the nature of innate and adaptive immune responses to PRRSV, revealing differences in regulation by PRRSV-2 strains and MLV. Different PRRSV strains induced varied immune responses, impacting platelet activation, dendritic cell activity, interferon type I, and plasma cell responses. Correlations of BTMs with T-cell responses showed both positive and negative associations post-infection, indicating complexities in immune regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Qiyun Ke, Kaiqi Duan, Yan Cheng, Si Xu, Shaobo Xiao, Liurong Fang
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a worldwide prevalent virus that causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Current vaccines fail to effectively control PRRSV, therefore the development of safe and effective antiviral drugs is urgently needed. Sanguinarine, a natural alkaloid found in many plants including Macleaya cordata, has been demonstrated as a potent antagonist against PRRSV. It targets multiple stages of the viral life cycle and shows promising potential as a novel candidate for anti-PRRSV agents.
Article
Virology
Yao Yao, Sihan Li, Yingqi Zhu, Yangyang Xu, Siyuan Hao, Shuyuan Guo, Wen-Hai Feng
Summary: miR-204 suppresses PRRSV replication by inhibiting LC3B-mediated autophagy, providing a potential approach for developing antiviral therapies and controlling PRRSV outbreaks.
Article
Immunology
Sophie Duerlinger, Christian Knecht, Spencer Sawyer, Gyula Balka, Marianne Zaruba, Till Ruemenapf, Christian Kraft, Poul Henning Rathkjen, Andrea Ladinig
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of a modified live PRRSV-1 vaccine in weaned piglets experimentally infected with PRRSV strain AUT15-33. Results showed that vaccination increased average daily weight gain, reduced viral shedding in oral fluids and tissue samples, as well as reduced the severity of lung lesions.
Article
Microbiology
Dike Jiang, Teng Tu, You Zhou, Yanwei Li, Yan Luo, Xueping Yao, Zexiao Yang, Meishen Ren, Yin Wang
Summary: This study investigated the PRRSV epidemic situation in Sichuan province, China, and identified HP-PRRSV as the predominant strain. A new PRRSV strain named SCSN2020 was isolated and characterized, showing high genomic similarity to the JXA1 strain. The study also demonstrated the pathogenicity of the SCSN2020 strain in piglets.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jordan T. T. VanderBurgt, Ondre Harper, Christopher P. P. Garnham, Susanne E. E. Kohalmi, Rima Menassa
Summary: This research aimed to display antigenic portions of the M and GP5 proteins on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus-like particles. The modified tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVc) was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and resulted in self-assembly and surface display of the M-GP5 epitope.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chang-zhan Xie, Zheng Wang, Zhuo Ha, Ying Zhang, Yu-biao Xie, He Zhang, Fu-long Nan, Jin-yong Zhang, Guan-yu Zhao, Zhuo-xin Li, Cheng-hui Li, Cheng-dong Yu, Ping Zhang, Hui-jun Lu, Ning-yi Jin
Summary: The study identified a new PRRSV strain, PRRSV-HB-16-China-2019, in China, which is a novel NSP2-deletion NADC30-like strain with specific deletions and mutations. This strain, recombined between a NADC30-like strain and a vaccine strain, poses a challenge to PRRSV prevention in China.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Zhuang-Yan Zhao, De Yu, Chun-Miao Ji, Qiankun Zheng, Yao-Wei Huang, Bin Wang
Summary: New analysis suggests that seven arteriviruses isolated from rodents may be ancestors of PRRSV. These viruses share genetic similarities, genome organization, and other characteristics with PRRSV. The evolutionary analysis reveals the close relationship between four rodent arteriviruses and PRRSV, shedding light on the origin and evolution of PRRSV and other arteriviruses.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Lise K. Kvisgaard, Lars E. Larsen, Charlotte S. Kristensen, Frederic Paboeuf, Patricia Renson, Olivier Bourry
Summary: This study evaluated the pathogenicity of a vaccine-derived recombinant Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 strain (Horsens strain) in SPF pigs and compared it with a reference strain. The findings indicated that all vaccinated groups had lower viral loads in serum compared to the unvaccinated group challenged with the Horsens strain. The recombinant Horsens strain showed infection capabilities comparable to or exceeding typical PRRSV-1 strains but with less virulence.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jiankui Liu, Liling Lai, Ye Xu, Yuan Yang, Jiarui Li, Chen Liu, Cuiqin Hunag, Chunhua Wei
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen in the Chinese swine industry. This study analyzed the genetic sequences of four PRRSV isolates and found evidence of recombination and variations in homology between different strains. These findings are important for understanding the transmission and evolution of PRRSV.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Yangli Pei, Chenghong Lin, Hua Li, Zheng Feng
Summary: This article provides an overview of the basic infection process, symptoms, immune mechanisms, noncoding RNA, and alternative splicing in PRRSV infection. It emphasizes the significant role of genetic background in susceptibility and resistance to PRRSV and its implications for individual treatment options.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fritz Obermeyer, Martin Jankowiak, Nikolaos Barkas, Stephen F. Schaffner, Jesse D. Pyle, Leonid Yurkovetskiy, Matteo Bosso, Daniel J. Park, Mehrtash Babadi, Bronwyn L. MacInnis, Jeremy Luban, Pardis C. Sabeti, Jacob E. Lemieux
Summary: This study developed a model called PyR0 for rapid detection and characterization of new SARS-CoV-2 lineages, and identified mutations relevant to fitness. By applying PyR0 to all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes, the researchers discovered mutations that increase fitness and predicted the growth of new lineages based on their mutational profile. The model also prioritizes mutations of biological and public health concern for further study.
Article
Virology
Xingzhen Tang, Cong Wang, Weifeng Sun, Weixin Wu, Shaohui Sun, Jin Wan, Guangshan Zhu, Nini Ma, Xiaoping Ma, Ruihua Xu, Qiushi Yang, Yindi Dai, Lei Zhou
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen characterized by genetic and antigenic variation. The PRRSV vaccine has limitations, and alternative strategies are needed. This study found that Tylvalosin tartrate can inhibit PRRSV proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and regulate host cell genes and pathways. These findings provide valuable insights for further research on cell restriction factors and anti-PRRSV targets.
Article
Microbiology
Yu Pang, Chenyu Li, Jiao Liu, Guanning Su, Chenrui Duan, Liurong Fang, Yanrong Zhou, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) promotes the uptake of glucose and glutamine for optimal replication, and it relies on glycolysis and the TCA cycle for energy production. Restricting the entry of glucose and glutamine, or inhibiting glycolysis and the TCA cycle, can reduce PRRSV proliferation.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)