Article
Biology
Zsofia Daradics, Cristian M. Crecan, Mirela A. Rus, Iancu A. Morar, Mircea V. Mircean, Adriana Florinela Catoi, Andra Diana Cecan, Cornel Catoi
Summary: Obesity is a serious health problem in human and animal populations, affecting cows and horses with conditions like Fat cow syndrome and Equine metabolic syndrome. These conditions, resembling Human metabolic syndrome in some aspects, require further research for better understanding and management.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer A. Chalmers, Prasad S. Dalvi, Neruja Loganathan, Emma K. Mcllwraith, Leigh Wellhauser, Anaies Nazarians-Armavil, Judith A. Eversley, Haneesha Mohan, Priska Stahel, Satya Dash, Michael B. Wheeler, Denise D. Belsham
Summary: This study identified a unique miRNA (miR-1983) that is upregulated in the hypothalamus and can serve as a biomarker for cellular insulin resistance. The levels of miR-1983 in human blood serum correlate with insulin resistance.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Demia J. J. de Tonnerre, Carlos E. E. Medina Torres, Darko Stefanovski, Mary A. A. Robinson, Kate L. L. Kemp, Francois-Rene Bertin, Andrew W. W. van Eps
Summary: This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus and evaluate its effect on insulin dynamics in horses. The results showed that sirolimus significantly decreased insulin concentration and the effect lasted for 7 days in insulin dysregulation horses.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haoning Howard Cen, Bahira Hussein, Jose Diego Botezelli, Su Wang, Jiashuo Aaron Zhang, Nilou Noursadeghi, Niels Jessen, Brian Rodrigues, James A. Timmons, James D. Johnson
Summary: Hyperinsulinemia, often considered as a compensatory response to insulin resistance, may actually contribute to insulin resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying this cyclic process are poorly understood. This study found a reliable negative correlation between fasting insulin and INSR mRNA in skeletal muscle. Through cell culture experiments, it was demonstrated that elevated insulin levels attenuated AKT and ERK signaling in muscle cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed changes in gene expression related to insulin receptor signaling, FOXO signaling, and glucose metabolism pathways. Hyperinsulinemia led to reduced Insr gene expression and decreased surface INSR protein. SIN3A was identified as a negative regulator of Insr mRNA. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in muscle.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin Roehling, Kerstin Kempf, Hubert Kolb, Tobias Martin, Michael Schneider, Stephan Martin
Summary: The study revealed that elevated fasting insulin levels and increases in fasting insulin over time are associated with atherosclerotic progression, surpassing BMI and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marilyn Ader, Richard N. Bergman
Summary: Insulin resistance leads to an increase in plasma insulin, but not necessarily in blood glucose levels. Experimental evidence shows that diet-induced insulin resistance does not always result in elevated blood glucose levels.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Marianna Hall, Magdalena Walicka, Mariusz Panczyk, Iwona Traczyk
Summary: The study investigated metabolic parameters in patients with suspected reactive hypoglycemia. Most patients did not show any metabolic disturbances, while those diagnosed with RH had lower glucose and insulin levels during OGTT. Pseudohypoglycemic symptoms and lower glucose levels were more common after consuming glucose, suggesting a balanced diet may play a crucial role in maintaining correct glucose and insulin levels postprandially.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xingfeng Liu, Kai Wang, Shaocong Hou, Qian Jiang, Chunxiao Ma, Qijin Zhao, Lijuan Kong, Jingwen Chen, Zhenhe Wang, Huabing Zhang, Tao Yuan, Yuxiu Li, Yi Huan, Zhufang Shen, Zhuowei Hu, Zhifeng Huang, Bing Cui, Pingping Li
Summary: The tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 interacts with the insulin receptor to promote its endocytosis and degradation, leading to decreased insulin signaling and insulin resistance. Inhibition of EphB4 can improve insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Melody A. de Laat, Danielle M. Fitzgerald, Patricia A. Harris, Simon R. Bailey
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether blocking the GLP-1 receptor reduces the insulin response to a high glycemic meal. The results showed that using a GLP-1 receptor blocking peptide can partially reduce insulin production in response to a high starch, high glycemic index diet in ponies. The study confirmed the role of GLP-1 in excessive insulin production in ponies with insulin dysregulation and suggested that elevated levels of this incretin might be involved in the increased risk of laminitis.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Samantha J. Potter, Nicholas J. Bamford, Courtnay L. Baskerville, Patricia A. Harris, Simon R. Bailey
Summary: This study investigated the effect of breed on nutrient digestibility in horses and found that breed did not have an effect on digestibility, but diet type did. Horses and ponies had similar digestibility when adapted to the same diets and management conditions.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
JingJing Xing, Chen Chen
Summary: This review discusses the causes, pathophysiology, and metabolic consequences of hyperinsulinemia, as well as current treatment options.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
B. L. Clark, A. J. Stewart, K. L. Kemp, N. J. Bamford, F. R. Bertin
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of basal insulin (BI), the oral sugar test (OST), and the insulin tolerance test (ITT) for insulin dysregulation (ID) and investigated their association with laminitis. The study found that BI and OST were associated with laminitis.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alvaro Gonzalez-Dominguez, Maria Millan-Martinez, Jesus Dominguez-Riscart, Alfonso Maria Lechuga-Sancho, Raul Gonzalez-Dominguez
Summary: Trace elements and heavy metals play pivotal roles in childhood obesity and insulin resistance. This study found that insulin resistance may have distinct phenotypic subtypes. By analyzing plasma samples, it was discovered that delayed glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia was associated with worsened insulin resistance and lipid profile, as well as disturbed levels of chromium, cobalt, lead, and arsenic. These findings highlight the crucial involvement of altered metal homeostasis in regulating insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and dyslipidemia in childhood obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriela Moreira Soares, Luana Emanuelly Sinhori Lopes, Sandra Lucinei Balbo, Carine Marmentini, Gabriela Alves Bronczek, Mirian Ayumi Kurauti, Maria Lucia Bonfleur, Licio Augusto Velloso, Everardo Magalhaes Carneiro, Antonio Carlos Boschero, Jose Maria Costa Jr
Summary: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) normalizes metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals, possibly through increased insulin clearance mediated by enhanced liver IDE expression. However, IDE activity does not appear to be affected by SG surgery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nesrin Damla Karakaplan, Yilin Song, Marcello C. Laurenti, Adrian Vella, Michael D. Jensen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous hyperinsulinemia on insulin secretion and determine whether the response differs in insulin resistance associated with obesity. The results showed that hyperinsulinemia suppresses endogenous insulin secretion, and the relative change in insulin secretion produced by exogenous insulin does not differ between nonobese and obese individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shannon E. Pratt-Phillips, Ray J. Geor, L. Jill McCutcheon
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2015)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. J. Holcombe, R. M. Embertson, K. A. Kurtz, H. A. Roessner, S. E. Wismer, R. J. Geor, J. B. Kaneene
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
A. Kullmann, P. S. Weber, J. B. Bishop, T. M. Roux, B. Norby, T. A. Burns, L. J. McCutcheon, J. K. Belknap, R. J. Geor
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2016)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
H. E. Lane, T. A. Burns, O. C. Hegedus, M. R. Watts, P. S. Weber, K. A. Woltman, R. J. Geor, L. J. McCutcheon, S. C. Eades, L. E. Mathes, J. K. Belknap
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. I. Jacob, R. J. Geor, P. S. D. Weber, P. A. Harris, M. E. McCue
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Heidi E. Banse, Nichol Schultz, Molly McCue, Ray Geor, Dianne McFarlane
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
(2018)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. I. Jacob, R. J. Geor, P. S. D. Weber, P. A. Harris, M. E. McCue
DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
J. L. Rapson, H. C. Schott, B. D. Nielsen, L. J. McCutcheon, P. A. Harris, R. J. Geor
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sarah I. Jacob, Kevin J. Murray, Aaron K. Rendahl, Raymond J. Geor, Nichol E. Schultz, Molly E. McCue
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2018)
Article
Sport Sciences
Michael S. Davis, Raymond J. Geor, Katherine K. Williamson
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Michelle C. Coleman, Jim K. Belknap, Susan C. Eades, Hannah L. Galantino-Homer, Robert J. Hunt, Ray J. Geor, Molly E. McCue, C. Wayne McIlwraith, Rustin M. Moore, John F. Peroni, Hugh G. Townsend, Nathaniel A. White, Kevin J. Cummings, Renata Ivanek-Miojevic, Noah D. Cohen
JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2018)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
E. M. Norton, N. E. Schultz, A. K. Rendahl, D. McFarlane, R. J. Geor, J. R. Mickelson, M. E. McCue
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Elaine M. Norton, Felipe Avila, Nichol E. Schultz, James R. Mickelson, Ray J. Geor, Molly E. McCue
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. A. Durward-Akhurst, N. E. Schultz, E. M. Norton, A. K. Rendahl, H. Besselink, P. A. Behnisch, A. Brouwer, R. J. Geor, J. R. Mickelson, M. E. McCue
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. E. Pratt-Phillips, R. Olsen, R. Geor, A. Zirkle, A. Moore, C. Harkins, M. Davis
COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)