Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yi Tao, Yu Cai, Han Fu, Licheng Song, Lixin Xie, Kaifei Wang
Summary: This study aims to apply deep learning to the automated interpretation and analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology. By using a convolutional neural network, our model successfully detected most cells in BALF specimens and outperformed experienced practitioners in clinical tests. The automated interpretation provided by the program can augment clinical decision-making for clinicians.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Marzahl, Jenny Hill, Jason Stayt, Dorothee Bienzle, Lutz Welker, Frauke Wilm, Joern Voigt, Marc Aubreville, Andreas Maier, Robert Klopfleisch, Katharina Breininger, Christof A. Bertram
Summary: This study introduces a novel, fully annotated multi-species P-Hem dataset, and develops an annotation pipeline using deep learning and data visualization techniques. The dataset is one of the largest publicly available WSIs datasets in terms of the number of annotations, scanned area, and species covered.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuaki Kotetsu, Toyoshi Yanagihara, Kunihiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Ando, Daisuke Eto, Kentaro Hata, Masako Arimura-Omori, Yuzo Yamamoto, Eiji Harada, Naoki Hamada
Summary: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease caused by unknown immunological abnormalities, with lungs being the most vulnerable organs. Research suggests that PD-1 or TIM-3 expression on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may serve as a prognostic factor for pulmonary lesions in sarcoidosis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rodopi Stamatiou, Vasiliki Tsolaki, Apostolia Hatziefthimiou, Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Demosthenes Makris
Summary: This study aimed to standardize bronchial sampling techniques and propose a new mechanical mucus dissolution method, which showed higher levels of cells and proteins in mechanically dissolved mucus. Cell numbers and protein levels were higher in MV patients compared to controls, but protein levels were lower.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Kara J. Mould, Camille M. Moore, Shannon A. McManus, Alexandra L. McCubbrey, Jazalle D. McClendon, Christine L. Griesmer, Peter M. Henson, William J. Janssen
Summary: Through techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing, this study identified transcriptional heterogeneity of human cells obtained from BAL, defining multiple subgroups of airspace macrophages in healthy adults, including proinflammatory and metal-binding subgroups. Additionally, comparisons were made between monocyte-like cells in airspaces and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as macrophage and monocyte programming differences between males and females.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Peter G. G. Shields, Kevin L. L. Ying, Theodore M. M. Brasky, Jo L. L. Freudenheim, Zihai Li, Joseph P. P. McElroy, Sarah A. A. Reisinger, Min-Ae Song, Daniel Y. Y. Weng, Mark D. D. Wewers, Noah B. B. Whiteman, Yiping Yang, Ewy A. A. Mathe
Summary: Smokers and electronic cigarette users have increased lung immune cell counts and inflammatory gene expression compared to never-smokers. This study aimed to further assess associations between lung microbiomes, immune cell subtypes, and inflammatory gene expression in smokers and electronic cigarette users. The results showed a two-fold increase in undifferentiated macrophages (M0) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) in smokers and electronic cigarette users. There were significantly differentially expressed inflammatory genes between smokers/never-smokers, smokers/electronic cigarette users, and electronic cigarette users/never-smokers, with CSF-1 and GATA3 expression correlating with M0 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Distinct lung profiles were observed for each participant group, and correlations were found between bacterial genera-DEG as well as bacterial genera-macrophage subtypes. This pilot study suggests that both smoking and electronic cigarette use have toxic effects on the lungs, but these effects may not be mediated through changes in the microbiome.
Article
Virology
Raul Recio, Antonio Lalueza, Noelia Moral, Consuelo Pascual, Marina Munoz, Javier Camacho, Jose Maria Caso, Lola Folgueira
Summary: The study retrospectively analyzed patient data from a medical institution from 2015 to 2018 and found that 20.9% of bronchoalveolar lavage samples tested positive for respiratory viruses, which were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms and radiological infiltrates. The most common viruses detected were rhinovirus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus, with higher viral detection rates in immunocompromised patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Malgorzata Sobiecka, Monika Szturmowicz, Katarzyna B. Lewandowska, Inga Baranska, Katarzyna Zimna, Ewa Lyzwa, Malgorzata Dybowska, Renata Langfort, Piotr Radwan-Rohrenschef, Adriana Rozy, Witold Z. Tomkowski
Summary: This study aimed to determine the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) total cell count (TCC) and lymphocytosis in distinguishing fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (fHP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The results showed that BAL TCC and lymphocyte percentage were significantly higher in fHP compared to IPF. BAL lymphocytosis >30% was found in 60% of fHP patients and none of the IPF patients. Logistic regression analysis identified several factors that increased the probability of fHP diagnosis. The optimal cut-off values to differentiate fHP from IPF were 15 x 10(6) for TCC and 21% for BAL lymphocytosis.
Article
Immunology
Pernilla Darlington, Jonas Melin, Natalia Rivera, Johan Grunewald, Anders Eklund, Susanna Kullberg
Summary: Peripheral blood lymphopenia is associated with a more severe disease phenotype in sarcoidosis patients, and it is correlated with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. The decrease in lymphocytes may not be due to their migration to other organs but could be influenced by the presence of HLA-DRB1*07 allele.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alexander Franklin, Teny M. John, Fareed Khawaja, Ying Jiang, Eduardo Yepez, Jitesh Ahuja, Saadia A. Faiz, Lara Bashoura, Ajay Sheshadri, Vickie R. Shannon, Diwakar D. Balachandran, Kelly McConn, Victor E. Mulanovich, Micah Bhatti, Roy F. Chemaly
Summary: There is a discrepancy between nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer. Bronchoalveolar lavage has value in certain patients with a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Muhammad Waqas Sadiq, Olaf Holz, Birthe D. Ellinghusen, Cornelia Faulenbach, Meike Mueller, Philipp Badorrek, Ulf G. Eriksson, Markus Friden, Stina Stomilovic, Anders J. Lundqvist, Jens M. Hohlfeld
Summary: This study evaluated the lung pharmacokinetics of commonly prescribed drugs by sampling different lung compartments after inhalation and oral administration. The results showed that inhalation of salbutamol resulted in significantly higher lung concentrations compared to plasma, with salmeterol and fluticasone showing even higher concentration ratios. The study concluded that combining data from multiple individuals and techniques sampling different lung compartments enabled the generation of pharmacokinetic profiles for evaluating lung targeting after inhaled and oral drug delivery.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Donia Bouzid, Quentin Le Hingrat, Florian Salipante, Valentine Marie Ferre, Thierry Chevallier, Sarah Tubiana, Jean Christophe Lucet, Christophe Choquet, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jean Francois Timsit, Diane Descamps, Nadhira Houhou, Benoit Visseaux, Paul Loubet
Summary: This study aimed to compare the detection results of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with suspected pneumonia. The study found a good agreement between nasopharyngeal swabs and BAL in detecting respiratory viruses among adult patients with suspected pneumonia, but still encouraged BAL testing in case of a negative nasopharyngeal swab result.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jooae Choe, Byoung Soo Kwon, Kyung-Hyun Do, Hee Sang Hwang, Jin Woo Song, Eun Jin Chae
Summary: This study examined the implications of the 2018 updated guideline for IPF diagnosis compared to the 2011 guideline, finding moderate reliability and fair interobserver agreement for probable UIP. The study also revealed that patients with indeterminate UIP CT pattern had a better prognosis, and probable UIP showed lower positive predictive value compared to possible UIP. Additionally, BAL fluid analysis improved diagnostic certainty for IPF diagnosis in patients with probable UIP CT pattern.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
J. C. F. Beling, D. M. S. A. Santos, M. P. Ferreira, P. C. A. R. Silva, M. F. M. Costa, D. A. B. Lessa
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of equine asthma syndrome (EAS) in a group of Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador horses, and found a high incidence of EAS in competition-ready Mangalarga and Campolina pacer horses.
EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anuja Nasare, Meenakshi Swain, Ratnamani Roa
Summary: In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry (IHC), acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture, and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining techniques were compared for detecting mycobacteria. IHC was found to have higher sensitivity than ZN stain, while ZN stain had higher specificity than IHC. These results indicate that IHC may be a useful adjunct to ZN stain for detecting mycobacteria.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
