Reemergence of Human Infections with West Nile Virus in Romania, 2010: An Epidemiological Study and Brief Review of the Past Situation

Objectives: The aim of this report was to provide concise epidemiological data regarding a recent reemergence of West Nile virus (WNV) in the human population of Romania simultaneously with the threatening occurrence of this condition in other European countries. Also, we attempted to present a brief synopsis of the past situation regarding WNV infections in this country. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the National Centre for Surveillance and Control of the Communicable Disease, Bucharest. Additionally, supplementary information was extracted from the reports provided by the Romanian Ministry of Health. Results: As of September 30, 2010, 50 confirmed cases of human infections with WNV have been registered in Romania. The median age of patients was 59.5 years (range: 12-81 years). Male patients predominated (68%, p < 0.001) and 52% of cases were rural inhabitants. The fatality rate was 10% (p < 0.0001). Deceased patients were aged over 65 years and had a positive history for chronic disorders. A detailed anamnesis revealed that none of the infected individuals used substances intended to remove mosquitoes around or inside their homes or skin repellents. Conclusions: Our article adds important data to the European map of WNV infections. Also, it highlights the particular conditions (ecological and climatic) as well as improper habits regarding the maintenance and transmission of WNV in the environment and provides appropriate indicators for individual risk assessment.