Article
Immunology
Krist Helen Antunes, Gisele Cassao, Leonardo Duarte Santos, Sofia Giacomet Borges, Juliana Poppe, Joao Budelon Goncalves, Eduarda da Silva Nunes, Guilherme Fernando Recacho, Vitoria Barbosa Sousa, Gabriela Souza Da Silva, Daniel Mansur, Renato T. Stein, Christian Pasquali, Ana Paula Duarte De Souza
Summary: This study demonstrates that airway administration of OM-85 in mice can prevent RSV-induced disease and reduce lung inflammation. The protective effects are dose and time-dependent, with complete protection achieved using four doses of 1mg OM-85 via intranasal delivery. OM-85 improves antiviral response and maintains immune balance to achieve protection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Stefania Ballarini, Alberto Argentiero, Luca Ruggiero, Giovanni A. Rossi, Nicola Principi
Summary: This study describes the microbiota profiles in pre-school children with recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs) and investigates the potential influencing factors. The study also evaluates the changes in microbiota associated with the treatment of OM-85 oral bacterial lysate. The findings suggest that there are differences in microbiota composition in gut and nasopharynx samples, and some changes occur during the treatment process.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna Cantarutti, Elisa Barbieri, Antonio Scamarcia, Luigi Cantarutti, Cristina Canova, Carlo Giaquinto
Summary: The study findings indicate that OM-85 can effectively reduce the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions and RTIs in children, providing potential benefits in preventing respiratory tract infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Diana Guerrero Patino, Erika Fernanda Lindarte
Summary: This study evaluated the cost-utility of OM-85 BV in reducing recurrent respiratory tract infections in children using a decision tree model. The results showed that OM-85 BV is a cost-effective strategy for reducing the incidence of recurrent respiratory tract infections in children.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Fang, Liang Zhou, Michael Tamm, Michael Roth
Summary: OM-85 may reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by modifying host cell membrane proteins and specific glycosaminoglycans.
Article
Allergy
Vadim Pivniouk, Oksana Pivniouk, Avery DeVries, Jennifer L. Uhrlaub, Ashley Michael, Denis Pivniouk, Sydney R. VanLinden, Michelle Y. Conway, Seongmin Hahn, Sean P. Malone, Peace Ezeh, Jared M. Churko, Dayna Anderson, Monica Kraft, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Donata Vercelli
Summary: In this study, OM-85 treatment significantly downregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in epithelial cells, inhibiting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially preventing and reducing the severity of COVID-19. Further research is needed to explore the potential of OM-85 as a therapeutic option for coronavirus disease 2019.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
F. Braido, G. Melioli, G. Nicolini, G. W. Canonica
Summary: Lantigen B, a bacterial lysate, has been found to be effective in preventing recurrent respiratory tract infections by reducing the number of infectious episodes. Analysis of 22 clinical trials involving 4,571 patients showed consistent results in favor of Lantigen B.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Vadim Pivniouk, Joao A. Gimenes-Junior, Peace Ezeh, Ashley Michael, Oksana Pivniouk, Seongmin Hahn, Sydney R. VanLinden, Sean P. Malone, Amir Abidov, Dayna Anderson, Justyna Gozdz, Avery DeVries, Fernando D. Martinez, Christian Pasquali, Donata Vercelli
Summary: This study demonstrates that direct administration of OM-85 to the airway compartment can protect against experimental allergic asthma by engaging multiple immune pathways. The efficacy of intranasal OM-85 administration may be due to its direct access to the airway mucosal networks controlling the initiation and development of allergic asthma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fabio Cardinale, Michele Fiore, Giorgio Piacentini, Alfonso Varricchio
Summary: This manuscript provides an overview of the clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of bacterial lysates, particularly OM-85, in preventing recurrent respiratory infections in children. The study shows that OM-85 significantly reduces the number and duration of respiratory tract infections, antibiotic courses, and wheezing respiratory illnesses in young children. It is also effective and well-tolerated when used concurrently with inactivated influenza vaccine.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Florencia Ferrara, Analia Rial, Norma Suarez, Jose Alejandro Chabalgoity
Summary: Research has found that two bacterial lysates prepared with different methods have similar biological activity in protecting against pneumococcal pneumonia, as they both induce NF-kB activation in a MyD88 dependent manner. The protection against pneumococcal pneumonia by bacterial lysates is independent of neutrophils, IL-17A, or Caspase-1/11 activation, suggesting redundant protection mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Susanna Esposito, Michele Cassano, Renato Cutrera, Francesco Menzella, Alfonso Varricchio, Marzio Uberti
Summary: Prevention is unanimously recognized as the most important intervention to reduce the disease burden of recurrent respiratory infections in adults and children. The use of immunomodulation to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines, with OM-85 being a valuable tool in optimizing the management of such infections, is gaining increasing favor among clinicians. The combined use of OM-85 and influenza vaccine is seen as an effective and safe approach to improve current prevention strategies and reduce the burden of recurrent respiratory infections.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meito Shibuya, Shigeyuki Tamiya, Atsushi Kawai, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The study examines the use of different vaccination routes for priming and boosting to achieve protection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Results show that intranasal priming followed by subcutaneous boosting induces both virus-specific IgG in plasma and IgA in nasal washes, providing protection against virus challenge in both regions.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yun Kyong Lee, Ji-Hee Haam, Eunkyung Suh, Sung Hoon Cho, Young-Sang Kim
Summary: This study compared the changes in IFN-gamma levels following PMBL treatment or time passing between the PMBL-treated group and controls. The results showed that PMBL treatment significantly increased IFN-gamma levels in patients with recurrent respiratory tract infections. This increase was greater in the subgroup with lower IFN-gamma levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Stefania Ballarini, Ledit Ardusso, Jose Antonio Ortega Martell, Oliviero Sacco, Wojciech Feleszko, Giovanni A. Rossi
Summary: Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a common childhood illness caused by viruses. Current preventive measures and treatments have limited effectiveness in managing associated wheezing illness and asthma. However, early-life exposure to microbes has been shown to enhance the immune response and reduce the risk of infectious and allergic disorders. Bacterial lysates (BLs) acting on gut microbiota have shown promise in preventing recurrent RTIs and wheezing. OM-85, a product studied extensively in vitro, animal, and human cell studies, has shown potential immune training-based activities against respiratory viruses.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Atsushi Kawai, Yasuyuki Yamamoto, Takuto Nogimori, Kohei Takeshita, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The study demonstrates that intranasal immunization with NA provides broad cross-protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza viruses by inducing NA-specific IgA that recognizes a wider range of epitopes, indicating the potential of NA as an antigen for nasal vaccines to provide broad cross-protection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Cihan Papan, Alberto Argentiero, Ortwin Adams, Marian Porwoll, Ummaya Hakim, Edoardo Farinelli, Ilaria Testa, Maria B. Pasticci, Daniele Mezzetti, Katia Perruccio, Arne Simon, Johannes G. Liese, Markus Knuf, Michal Stein, Renata Yacobov, Ellen Bamberger, Sven Schneider, Susanna Esposito, Tobias Tenenbaum
Summary: This study found that viral load is associated with biomarkers and may serve as a complementary tool for assessing disease severity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serafina Perrone, Sara Manti, Luca Buttarelli, Chiara Petrolini, Giovanni Boscarino, Laura Filonzi, Eloisa Gitto, Susanna Maria Roberta Esposito, Francesco Nonnis Marzano
Summary: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is still a significant burden in neonatal care, and its definition is currently based on treatment rather than diagnostic criteria. BPD is associated with various prenatal and postnatal risk factors, causing distorted lung development and function. Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in BPD development, with vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) being an important candidate. This educational review discusses the inflammatory pathways in BPD and highlights the role of VEGFA, providing an overview of current evidence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Javier Diez-Domingo, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Weber, Cristina Epalza, Archana Chatterjee, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Chien-Yu Lin, Andrea A. Berry, Federico Martinon-Torres, Fernando Baquero-Artigao, Joanne M. Langley, Jose T. Ramos Amador, Joseph B. Domachowske, Li-Min Huang, Nan-Chang Chiu, Susanna Esposito, Philippe Moris, Thi Lien-Anh Nguyen, Vanja Nikic, Wayne Woo, Yingjun Zhou, Ilse Dieussaert, Amanda Leach, Antonio Gonzalez Lopez, Nicolas Vanhoutte
Summary: This study tested a new candidate RSV vaccine in toddlers who had a previous RSV infection. The vaccine was effective in preventing RSV-related illnesses and triggered an antibody response that could neutralize the virus. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or RSV-related hospitalizations were reported during the study.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Elena Capra, Brigida Stanyevic, Antonella Giudice, Delia Monopoli, Nicola Mattia Decarolis, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the nutrition and metabolic diseases in children and adolescents, leading to an increase in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The accessibility to healthcare services has been limited, resulting in delayed diagnosis and more severe presentation of type 1 diabetes. Further studies are required to investigate these relationships and develop strategies to mitigate the nutritional and metabolic impact in the developmental ages.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sabrina Cenni, Veronica Sesenna, Giulia Boiardi, Marianna Casertano, Giovanni Di Nardo, Susanna Esposito, Caterina Strisciuglio
Summary: The Mediterranean diet, rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients, has been recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide. Numerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the Mediterranean diet and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This narrative review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet in preventing and managing these disorders, providing a useful overview.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gianluca Bossu, Giovanni Autore, Luca Bernardi, Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Susanna Esposito
Summary: According to the latest report from WHO, around 10.0 million people were affected by tuberculosis (TB) in 2020, with 12% being children under 15 years old. Limited knowledge and lack of registered drugs suitable for pediatric use pose challenges in treating multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in children. This review focuses on therapeutic options and prophylactic management of MDR-TB in children.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Danilo Buonsenso, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Claudia De Guido, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This study reviewed the duration of immune memory and risk of reinfection in children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated. The evidence suggests that children infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop long-lasting immunity but have reduced cross-reactivity against the Omicron variant. Vaccination, on the other hand, provides better cross-neutralization against both pre-Omicron and Omicron variants. Based on these findings, it is recommended to offer booster vaccinations to children infected before Omicron and to more vulnerable children infected with Omicron.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giuseppe Cannalire, Simone Pilloni, Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Anna Di Franco, Maria Elisabeth Street
Summary: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes play a crucial role in reflecting bone metabolism. ALP increases mineralization and reduces the concentration of an inhibitor of mineral formation. Different isoenzymes of ALP are expressed in different tissues and the bone isoenzyme (B-ALP) is involved in bone turnover. ALP measurements are important in the diagnosis, differentiation, and follow-up of rickets.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Dal Canto, Tawaddud Hassan Eisa Artaiga, Abdulrahman Ibrahiem Mohamed, Hayat Amin Makki Hassan, Doaa Mahmoud Adam, Moram Awadalla Ibrahiem Ahmed, Jihad Motwali, Manuela Valenti, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death in children under five in developing countries, causing approximately 500,000 deaths annually. Due to the lack of diagnostic tests, empirical therapy is often used to treat diarrheal disease. This case study highlights the life-threatening complications of amoebiasis in children with severe acute malnutrition, emphasizing the need for a rapid and inexpensive diagnostic test and further research on antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Review
Microbiology
Ilaria Testa, Oliviero Crescenzi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasians, and the features of gut microbiota in CF patients have been found to be altered, with reduced richness and diversity. The imbalanced gut microbial population, with a higher population of pro-inflammatory bacteria and scarcer immunomodulatory genera, may contribute to the development of systemic inflammation and affect clinical outcomes. Manipulation of gut microbiota could potentially be considered as an intervention to regulate the severity and progression of CF.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nicola Principi, Giovanni Autore, Serafina Perrone, Susanna Esposito
Summary: RSV is a common respiratory virus that has a significant impact on patients, healthcare systems, and society worldwide. This paper discusses the characteristics of RSV and the current development of new pharmacological measures against this virus.
EXPERT OPINION ON PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Danilo Buonsenso, Giovanni Autore, Francesca Cusenza, Lucrezia Passadore, Francesca Bonanno, Susanna Esposito
Summary: The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has led to the development of new drugs and the reappraisal of old drugs. Ensuring access to child-friendly medicines for drug-resistant TB is crucial for reducing the global burden of TB. This perspective highlights the need for child-friendly formulations of second-line drugs to improve adherence to treatment regimens and prevent the development of additional drug resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Letizia Paglialonga, Camilla Aurelio, Nicola Principi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: This article summarizes the available evidence on the return to play in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting a clinical practice algorithm and highlighting priorities for future studies. The severity of COVID-19 and the presence of underlying diseases are criteria for identifying subjects requiring laboratory and radiological tests before returning to physical activity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Mariotti Zani, Roberto Grandinetti, Daniela Cunico, Lisa Torelli, Valentina Fainardi, Giovanna Pisi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to malnutrition and growth failure due to malabsorption caused by chloride transport derangement. Optimal nutritional care and support are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and life expectancy. This report analyzes the nutrition support in CF patients of different ages, focusing on the relationship with growth, nutritional status, disease outcomes, and the use of CFTR modulators. Early nutrition support in CF should aim at achieving optimal nutritional status to support growth and development in children and maintain it in adulthood. This involves a high calorie, high-fat diet, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and adequate supplementation of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplemental enteral feeding may be needed when oral intake is insufficient. CFTR modulators have positive effects on nutritional status, including weight gain, BMI improvement, pulmonary function, and reduction of exacerbations. Challenges remain in developing new drugs to transform CF into a treatable chronic disease with specialized multidisciplinary care.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicole Mussi, Roberta Forestiero, Giulia Zambelli, Letizia Rossi, Maria Rosaria Caramia, Valentina Fainardi, Susanna Esposito
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction in children aged 2 years or older. Both surgical and non-surgical options are effective treatments for OSA in children.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)