Article
Immunology
Wenming Liu, Hengchun Li, Bo Liu, Tianxing Lv, Chenchen Yang, Si Chen, Liqiang Feng, Liangxue Lai, Ziyuan Duan, Xinwen Chen, Pingchao Li, Suhua Guan, Ling Chen
Summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease that poses a serious threat to the global pig industry. This study explored the safety and immunogenicity of an adenovirus-vectored multi-antigen cocktail vaccine against ASF. The vaccine, administered through simultaneous intramuscular and intranasal administration, effectively stimulated immune responses and provided protection against ASF in mice and swine. Further evaluation of this vaccination strategy is needed for safe and effective control of ASF.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yusmel Sordo-Puga, Marisela Suarez-Pedroso, Paula Naranjo-Valdez, Danny Perez-Perez, Elaine Santana-Rodriguez, Talia Sardinas-Gonzalez, Mary Karla Mendez-Orta, Carlos A. Duarte-Cano, Mario Pablo Estrada-Garcia, Maria Pilar Rodriguez-Molto
Summary: The Porvac(R) subunit vaccine E2-CD154 may provide protection against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) as early as five days post-vaccination. Classical swine fever (CSF)-specific IFN gamma T cell responses were detected in vaccinated animals, indicating immune response activation. Overall, the results suggest that the subunit protein vaccine can offer clinical and viral protection within a short timeframe, similar to modified live vaccines.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Makoto Ukita, Keisuke Kuwata, Eiji Tanaka, Ryota Matsuyama, Norikazu Isoda, Yoshihiro Sakoda, Takehisa Yamamoto, Kohei Makita
Summary: This study developed an individual-based simulation model to determine an effective classical swine fever (CSF) vaccination strategy for pig populations. The simulation results indicated that the vaccination age should be adjusted based on the timing of lifting the ban, and there is a tradeoff in protection between vaccine-induced antibodies and maternally derived antibodies. Additionally, the study found a positive effect of intensive sow replacement strategies on shortening the period in which sows show diverse titers.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Qi Qian, Ruyi Xu, Yaping Wang, Lixin Ma
Summary: The NS4A protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) exhibits VSR activity by binding to RNA, antagonizing RNA interference. The replication of VSR-deficient CSFV is attenuated but can be restored by the deficiency of RNA interference in mammalian cells.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jutta Pikalo, Luca Porfiri, Valerij Akimkin, Hanna Roszyk, Katrin Pannhorst, Richard Thiga Kangethe, Viskam Wijewardana, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Martin Beer, Giovanni Cattoli, Sandra Blome
Summary: Studies have shown that inactivated ASF vaccines can reduce viral loads, but they did not demonstrate effective protection against African swine fever in experiments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Jindai Fan, Yingxin Liao, Mengru Zhang, Chenchen Liu, Zhaoyao Li, Yuwan Li, Xiaowen Li, Keke Wu, Lin Yi, Hongxing Ding, Mingqiu Zhao, Shuangqi Fan, Jinding Chen
Summary: Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by CSFV is a highly contagious swine disease with significant economic losses to the pig industry globally. Research on anti-CSFV strategies is crucial for the prevention and control of CSF, and can also serve as a reference for other viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
Article
Immunology
Xiangmin Wang, Yu'ai Yang, Xiaoying Yang, Xiao Liu, Xiaochun Wang, Libo Gao, Chao Yang, Rui Lan, Junlong Bi, Qian Zhao, Guishu Yang, Jing Wang, Yingbo Lin, Jianping Liu, Gefen Yin
Summary: Claudin-1 may act as a barrier for CSFV infection in PK-15 cells, but CSFV can bypass this barrier through lysosome-mediated degradation of claudin-1. This study may advance our understanding of the molecular host-pathogen interactions in CSFV infection and suggests enhancing porcine claudin-1 as a potential preventive or therapeutic strategy for controlling CSF.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tao Wang, Yaru Liu, Ying Sun, Liang Zhang, Kangkang Guo, Yanming Zhang
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the role of Rab22a in the proliferation and internalization of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and found that Rab22a is involved in the entry process of CSFV. The interaction between Rab22a and CSFV non-structural protein NS4B was verified, and the relationship between Rab22a, Rab5, and NS4B in CSFV internalization was explored.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Liang Zhang, Mingxing Jin, Mengzhao Song, Shanchuan Liu, Tao Wang, Kangkang Guo, Yanming Zhang
Summary: ARFGAP1, as a NS5A binding protein, is involved in the replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and plays a role in controlling the production of CSFV.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Siqi Cai, Zezhong Zheng, JiaoJiao Cheng, Lintao Zhong, Ran Shao, Feiyan Zheng, Zhiying Lai, Jiajun Ou, Liang Xu, Pei Zhou, Gang Lu, Guihong Zhang
Summary: This study identified swine interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (SwIFITMs) as having potent antiviral activity against African swine fever virus (ASFV). These proteins were found to be constitutively expressed in most porcine tissues and their expression levels were induced by ASFV infection or swine interferon treatment. Overexpression of SwIFITMs inhibited ASFV replication in Vero cells, while knockdown of these genes enhanced ASFV replication in PAMs. The study also demonstrated that endogenous IFITMs play a role in restricting ASFV replication. Overall, this research expands our understanding of the antiviral activity of porcine IFITMs against ASFV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Neelam R. Tomar, Irfan A. Bhat, Mukesh K. Bharti, Jeny K. John, Veena Sharma, Vikash Chandra, G. Taru Sharma, G. Saikumar
Summary: This study reports the isolation of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) in Porcine Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (pWJ-MSCs) for the first time. The ability of pWJ-MSCs to support CSFV replication was confirmed through the detection of viral antigen and RT-PCR analysis. This research provides new insights into the replication mechanism of CSFV in different cell types.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xiaotian Zhao, Xiao Wang, Mengqi Yuan, Xin Zhang, Xiaoke Yang, Xiangyu Guan, Shuwen Li, Jifei Ma, Hua-Ji Qiu, Yongfeng Li
Summary: C-strain, also known as the HCLV strain, is an effective live attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF). In this study, potential T cell epitopes on the E2 protein of CSFV were predicted and two highly conserved epitopes, 90STEEMGDDF98 and 331ATDRHSDYF339, were identified. The mutants lacking or substituting these epitopes were nonviable, indicating their crucial role. These novel T cell epitopes can be used for designing new vaccines with rapid protection against CSFV.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Song Xiang-peng, Xia Ying-ju, Xu Lu, Zhao Jun-jie, Wang Zhen, Zhao Qi-zu, Liu Ye-bing, Zhang Qian-yi, Wang Qin
Summary: With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine, classical swine fever (CSF) has been controlled in China, while African swine fever (ASF) and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) still pose challenges to the pig industry. It is crucial to develop a reliable method for simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of these diseases. In this study, a multiplex real-time PCR assay was established, which showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CSFV, ASFV, and APPV.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Liang Zhao, Xiao-Hui Wen, Chun-Ling Jia, Xiu-Rong Zhou, Sheng-Jun Luo, Dian-Hong Lv, Qi Zhai
Summary: A multiplex qRT-PCR technique was developed in this study for the simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae). The technique proved to be rapid, sensitive, and specific.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Miaomiao Wu, Qianling Jiang, Ali Nazmi, Jie Yin, Guan Yang
Summary: Pigs are important domestic livestock and studying their immune system is crucial for improving swine vaccine efficacy. Pig models are excellent for immunological studies due to their similarities to humans. Unconventional T cells are a critical component of the porcine immune system and show distinct characteristics compared to conventional T cells.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Microbiology
Barbara Holzer, Pramila Rijal, Adam McNee, Basudev Paudyal, Veronica Martini, Becky Clark, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Emily Bessell, John C. Schwartz, Katy Moffat, Miriam Pedrera, Simon P. Graham, Alistair Noble, Marie Bonnet-Di Placido, Roberto M. La Ragione, William Mwangi, Peter Beverley, John W. McCauley, Rodney S. Daniels, John A. Hammond, Alain R. Townsend, Elma Tchilian
Article
Biology
Stephen Meek, Tom Watson, Lel Eory, Gus McFarlane, Felicity J. Wynne, Stephen McCleary, Laura E. M. Dunn, Emily M. Charlton, Chloe Craig, Barbara Shih, Tim Regan, Ryan Taylor, Linda Sutherland, Anton Gossner, Cosmin Chintoan-Uta, Sarah Fletcher, Philippa M. Beard, Musa A. Hassan, Finn Grey, Jayne C. Hope, Mark P. Stevens, Monika Nowak-Imialek, Heiner Niemann, Pablo J. Ross, Christine Tait-Burkard, Sarah M. Brown, Lucas Lefevre, Gerard Thomson, Barry W. McColl, Alistair B. Lawrence, Alan L. Archibald, Falko Steinbach, Helen R. Crooke, Xuefei Gao, Pentao Liu, Tom Burdon
Summary: This study investigates the potential of porcine pluripotent stem cells to provide a limitless source of macrophages, demonstrating their molecular and functional characteristics, as well as their susceptibility to infection by pig pathogens. The study also shows the successful application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in these cells, presenting new opportunities for researching host-pathogen interactions in pigs.
Article
Virology
Alexandra Kiesler, Lukas Schwarz, Christiane Riedel, Sandra Hoegler, Rene Brunthaler, Katharina Dimmel, Angelika Auer, Marianne Zaruba, Marlene Moetz, Kerstin Seitz, Andrea Ladinig, Benjamin Lamp, Till Ruemenapf
Summary: This article reports an outbreak of a novel LindaV strain in a farrow-to-finish farm in Carinthia, Austria. The outbreak was characterized by severe CT cases and high preweaning mortality. Inspection and diagnosis revealed the presence of large amounts of virus shedding through feces and saliva from viremic six-week-old nursery pigs. The findings highlight the low prevalence of LindaV in the Austrian pig population and emphasize the need for a better understanding of the persistence and transmission routes of this virus.
Article
Microbiology
Giulia Franzoni, Susanna Zinellu, Tania Carta, Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Floriana Fruscione, Antonio Anfossi, Mauro Ledda, Simon P. Graham, Silvia Dei Giudici, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Annalisa Oggiano
Summary: African swine fever viruses primarily target porcine macrophages, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta have little impact on the interaction between macrophages and ASFV.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
H. F. El Sharif, S. R. Dennison, M. Tully, S. Crossley, W. Mwangi, D. Bailey, S. P. Graham, S. M. Reddy
Summary: This study investigates the use of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (E-MIPs) for the selective recognition of SARS-CoV-2 whole virus. The results show that E-MIPs exhibit selectivity for SARS-CoV-2, allowing for rapid detection and effective capture of the virus in real patient saliva samples.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rebecca K. McLean, Simon P. Graham
Summary: Pig production is rapidly growing globally, especially in Asia and Africa, but it has also led to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Pigs play a crucial role as intermediate/amplifying hosts for various zoonotic viruses, including influenza, Japanese encephalitis, Nipah, and coronaviruses. Multivalent vaccination of pigs can safeguard human health indirectly by protecting the health of pigs.
Article
Virology
Carina M. Reuscher, Kerstin Seitz, Lukas Schwarz, Francesco Geranio, Olaf Isken, Martin Raigel, Theresa Huber, Sandra Barth, Christiane Riedel, Anette Netsch, Katharina Zimmer, Till Ruemenapf, Norbert Tautz, Benjamin Lamp
Summary: DNAJC14 is an essential cofactor for the NS2 autoprotease of pestiviruses, but atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) can replicate in the absence of DNAJC14, suggesting a divergent mechanism of replication. This finding has important implications for understanding the replication of APPV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Lynnette C. Goatley, Rachel H. Nash, Catherine Andrews, Zoe Hargreaves, Priscilla Tng, Ana Luisa Reis, Simon P. Graham, Christopher L. Netherton
Summary: The Babraham large white pig, a highly inbred line, may serve as a valuable tool for studying the protective immune responses to African swine fever virus. However, the response to vaccination differs between inbred and outbred pigs, with inbred pigs showing diminished immune responses and lack of protection after challenge. This study found that the recovery of Babraham pigs weakly correlated with antibody responses, whereas protective responses in outbred animals were more closely associated with T-cell response.
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca Strong, Stephen McCleary, Sylvia Grierson, Bhudipa Choudhury, Falko Steinbach, Helen R. Crooke
Summary: This study provides new insights into the genetic changes and transmission pathways of classical swine fever virus. By sequencing the viral genomes from different infected premises, it was found that the sequences vary between locations, which helps determine the virus transmission routes.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Giulia Franzoni, Susanna Zinellu, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Lorena Mura, Chiara G. De Ciucis, Livia De Paolis, Tania Carta, Antonio G. Anfossi, Simon P. Graham, Bernardo Chessa, Silvia Dei Giudici, Annalisa Oggiano
Summary: This study investigated the role of a synthetic diacylated lipopeptide (Mag-Pam2Cys_P48) in modulating macrophage responses against African swine fever virus (ASFV) and found limited efficacy of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist against virulent strains of ASFV.
Article
Immunology
Ellie Hayhurst, Emily Rose, Miriam Pedrera, Jane C. Edwards, Natalia Kotynska, Daisy Grainger, Yashar Sadigh, John Flannery, Ludo Bonnet, Ritwik Ritwik, Pawan Dulal, M. Keith Howard, Simon P. Graham
Summary: Solid dose vaccine formulation offers potential advantages over traditional liquid formulations, providing safe, rapid, and error-free administration for both human and animal health. It can be adapted for different vaccine formats, including live attenuated vaccines.
Article
Virology
Marlene Moetz, Julia Stadler, Heinrich Kreutzmann, Andrea Ladinig, Benjamin Lamp, Angelika Auer, Christiane Riedel, Till Ruemenapf
Summary: The emergence of recombinant PRRSV strains, which contain genetic material from at least two different parental strains, has become increasingly important due to advanced sequencing techniques. Recent chimeric viruses are a result of PRRSV wild-type and vaccine strains. Analysis of three PRRSV-1 isolates revealed that they are crossovers between different wild-type strains and the same modified live virus vaccine strain, with the recombination breakpoint consistently appearing at the beginning of open reading frame 5 (ORF5). Further research is needed to understand the role of MLVs as parental strains and the mechanism of the conserved stem loop near the recombination hotspot.
Article
Virology
Katerina Vocadlova, Benjamin Lamp, Karel Benes, Vladimir Matha, Kwang-Zin Lee, Andreas Vilcinskas
Summary: Viruses are a significant factor in the decline of global honey bee populations, and one potential solution is introducing natural antiviral compounds from fungi into honey bee diets. In this study, we examined the effects of crude organic extracts from seven strains of the fungal genus Talaromyces in honey bee diets. We found that certain extracts from these strains could mitigate virus infections and increase bee survival rate. Furthermore, these extracts showed antiviral effects in mammalian cells.
Article
Immunology
Eleni Vatzia, Katherine Feest, Adam McNee, Tanuja Manjegowda, B. Veronica Carr, Basudev Paudyal, Tiphany Chrun, Emmanuel A. A. Maze, Amy Mccarron, Susan Morris, Helen E. E. Everett, Ronan MacLoughlin, Francisco J. J. Salguero, Teresa Lambe, Sarah C. C. Gilbert, Elma Tchilian
Summary: The study found that immunization with chimpanzee adenovirus and modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing conserved influenza virus proteins can provide enhanced immune responses against H3N2 influenza and reduce viral shedding and lung pathology. The results are significant for the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine and will contribute to future vaccine and clinical trial design.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Franzoni, Lorena Mura, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Chiara Grazia De Ciucis, Floriana Fruscione, Filippo Dell'Anno, Susanna Zinellu, Tania Carta, Antonio G. G. Anfossi, Silvia Dei Giudici, Simon P. P. Graham, Annalisa Oggiano
Summary: Swine are gaining attention as a valuable biomedical model due to their immunological similarities with humans, but the polarization of porcine macrophages has not been well-studied. In this study, we investigated how porcine monocyte-derived macrophages respond to different activation stimuli. Our results show that IFN-gamma and LPS induce a proinflammatory phenotype, while IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta, and dexamethasone trigger distinct M2-related phenotypes. These findings contribute to our understanding of porcine macrophage plasticity and reveal some unique characteristics in this species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)