Review
Chemistry, Physical
Aihua Qu, Maozhong Sun, Liguang Xu, Liqiang Liu, Lingling Guo, Panpan Chen, Qing Wang, Zhiyong Du, Zhimeng Wu, Chuanlai Xu, Hua Kuang
Summary: Chiral nanomaterials play a crucial role in the field of vaccines by promoting antigen presentation and activating the immune system for tumor immunotherapy. However, there are still challenges in this research, such as finding better synthesis methods and addressing the issue of immune system regulation.
Review
Immunology
Javier Castrodeza-Sanz, Ivan Sanz-Munoz, Jose M. Eiros
Summary: In recent decades, improvements in traditional vaccines have led to the development of more processed vaccines with better tolerability profiles but lower immunogenicity. Adjuvants provide a good solution to enhance the immunogenicity of these vaccines with improved tolerability and fewer side effects. The approval of protein-based vaccines in 2022 and 2023 further expanded the options. Adjuvanted vaccines can induce potent immune responses in populations with weak or insufficient immune systems, such as the elderly, and could play a crucial role in completing global COVID-19 vaccination efforts in the present and future.
Article
Immunology
Giuditta Guerrini, Antonio Vivi, Sabrina Gioria, Jessica Ponti, Davide Magri, Arnd Hoeveler, Donata Medaglini, Luigi Calzolai
Summary: Physicochemical properties of adjuvant-protein antigen complexes impact vaccine efficacy and safety, and a multi-staged characterization strategy has been developed for accurate assessment of nanoaluminum-ovalbumin complex, which can be adapted for various adjuvant-protein antigen combinations to control quality and improve immunological outcomes of vaccines.
Review
Virology
Yun-Hee Kim, Kee-Jong Hong, Hun Kim, Jae-Hwan Nam
Summary: Globally, seasonal influenza viruses cause millions of severe cases and respiratory deaths each year. Various influenza vaccines have been developed but offer low protection rates, especially in young children and the elderly. Future directions include developing vaccines that induce balanced immune responses and broad-spectrum effectiveness, as well as safe and effective adjuvants.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ana Rita Franco, Francesco Peri
Summary: Tuberculosis is a major global health concern, and new vaccines are needed to overcome the limitations of the current BCG vaccine. The World Health Organization considers the development of new TB vaccines to be a top priority, with subunit vaccines being promising candidates that may require adjuvants to enhance their efficacy.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Alanne Rayssa da Silva Melo, Larissa Silva de Macedo, Maria da Conceicao Viana Invencao, Ingrid Andressa de Moura, Marco Antonio Turiah Machado da Gama, Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo, Anna Jessica Duarte Silva, Marcus Vinicius de Aragao Batista, Antonio Carlos de Freitas
Summary: Gene immunization, including mRNA and DNA vaccines, is simple to design and maintain, and has shown high efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials against various diseases. However, the low intrinsic immunogenicity of these vaccines calls for strategies to improve their efficiency. This review provides updates on the characteristics, construction, and improvement of gene-based vaccines, particularly the production of synthetic multi-epitope genes widely used in current vaccines.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hannah M. VanBenschoten, Kim A. Woodrow
Summary: Recent estimates show that one in two sexually active individuals will acquire a sexually transmitted infection by age 25, highlighting the importance of vaccination against STIs. Vaginal immunization is a promising strategy to combat transmission via the vaginal mucosa by overcoming immune tolerance and establishing tissue resident memory immune cells. Research is focusing on exploring the potential of vaginal vaccine studies and the role of mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems in enhancing immunity.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Wenping Gong, Chao Pan, Peng Cheng, Jie Wang, Guangyu Zhao, Xueqiong Wu
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in global TB mortality rate, necessitating the development of more effective TB vaccines. Peptides have been found to play important roles in immune response. This review provides an overview of tools for designing peptide-based vaccines, the current research status of such vaccines for TB, protein-based bacterial vaccine delivery systems, and animal models for peptide-based vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dylan J. Chand, Royford B. Magiri, Heather L. Wilson, George K. Mutwiri
Summary: Polyphosphazenes are experimental adjuvants that show versatility as vaccine adjuvants in various animal species and can be delivered via different routes. They can be used in combination with other adjuvants to enhance immune responses, primarily acting by activating innate immunity.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mohamed Ahmed Attia, Ebtessam Ahmed Essa, Toka Tarek Elebyary, Ahmed Mostafa Faheem, Amal Ali Elkordy
Summary: Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases, and advancements in biotechnology and nanoparticles have enabled successful vaccine development. Liposomes, as a versatile carrier for vaccines, have shown great potential in delivering antigens and eliciting desired immune responses during the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Abu Salim Mustafa
Summary: Efforts towards developing new vaccines against TB mainly focus on using Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as subunit vaccines, requiring appropriate adjuvants and delivery systems to induce immune responses. Additionally, studies have examined the pathogenesis of BCG in children and explored the potential use of BCG as a vaccine against asthma, alongside different adjuvants and delivery systems in inducing protective immune responses after immunization with subunit vaccines.
Review
Immunology
Srinivasa Reddy Bonam, Laurent Renia, Ganesh Tadepalli, Jagadeesh Bayry, Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar
Summary: Malaria, particularly caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is a global health problem with deadly consequences for humans. While progress has been made in understanding the host response to the parasite, various aspects of its biology in its mammalian host remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need to develop new drugs and vaccines to address this issue.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Allegra Peletta, Celine Lemoine, Thomas Courant, Nicolas Collin, Gerrit Borchard
Summary: Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent infectious diseases, but the access to vaccines is limited for low-income and middle-income countries due to pricing and logistical challenges. This article discusses the importance of vaccine formulation and the use of adjuvants to overcome barriers in vaccine development and production for these countries.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ying Zhang, Jin-chuan Xu, Zhi-dong Hu, Xiao-yong Fan
Summary: Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, had the highest mortality rate of any single infectious disease before the COVID-19 epidemic. The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, despite its limitations, remains the only licensed TB vaccine. Protein subunit vaccines that combine immunodominant antigens from different stages of TB infection have shown promising potential for preventing and treating TB.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Neftali Ortega Alarcon, Maddy Jaramillo, Heidi M. Mansour, Bo Sun
Summary: This review summarizes the current progress of therapeutic subunit vaccines for cancer immunotherapy, including the classification of tumor antigens and the bioinformatic approaches for identifying tumor neoantigens. The targeting adjuvants based on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their delivery platforms are extensively discussed, emphasizing the importance of the interplay between multiple adjuvants and their combined delivery in cancer immunotherapy.
Article
Immunology
Dina M. Tawfik, Tarek A. Ahmad, Salah A. Sheweita, Medhat Haroun, Laila H. El-Sayed
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
(2017)
Review
Immunology
Tarek A. Ahmad, Laila H. El-Sayed, Medhat Haroun, Ahmad A. Hussein, El Sayed H. El Ashry
Review
Immunology
Tarek A. Ahmad, Samar S. Rammah, Salah A. Sheweita, Medhat Haroun, Laila H. El-Sayed
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie R. Lundy, Tarek Ahmed, Tankya Simoneaux, Ifeyinwa Benyeogor, YeMaya Robinson, Zenas George, Debra Ellerson, Ward Kirlin, Tolulope Omosun, Francis O. Eko, Carolyn M. Black, Uriel Blas-Machado, Jason P. DeBruyne, Joseph U. Igietseme, Qing He, Yusuf O. Omosun
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Ali M. Batah, Tarek A. Ahmad
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmed M. Gouda, Mohamed A. Soltan, Khalid Abd-Elghany, Ashraf E. Sileem, Hanan M. Elnahas, Marwa Abdel-Monem Ateya, Mahmoud H. Elbatreek, Khaled M. Darwish, Hanin A. Bogari, Manar O. Lashkar, Mohammed M. Aldurdunji, Sameh S. Elhady, Tarek A. Ahmad, Ahmed Mohamed Said
Summary: In this study, several proteins were screened as potential antigens for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These proteins were linked to form a multitope vaccine, which was evaluated for its physicochemical features and antigenicity. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulation supported the nomination of the designed vaccine as a putative solution for coinfection of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Tarek A. Ahmad, Yusuf O. Omosun
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tarek Adnan Ahmad, Samar Saeed Rammah, Salah Ahmed Sheweita, Medhat Haroun, Laila Hamdy El-Sayed
REPORTS OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tarek A. Ahmad, Medhat Haroun, Ahmad A. Hussein, El Sayed H. El Ashry, Laila H. El-Sayed
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2012)
