Article
Immunology
Seo-jeong Park, Yong-Myung Kang, Hyun-Kyu Cho, Do-Young Kim, Sungyeop Kim, Youchan Bae, Jongho Kim, Gyeongyeob Kim, Youn-Jeong Lee, Hyun-Mi Kang
Summary: Two whole inactivated vaccines were developed against different lineages of the H9N2 virus and evaluated for their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice. Both vaccines provided 100% protection in homologous challenge, but only showed partial protection in heterologous challenge.
Article
Immunology
Yuzhuo Liu, Dongmin Zhao, Jingfeng Zhang, Xinmei Huang, Kaikai Han, Qingtao Liu, Jing Yang, Lijiao Zhang, Yin Li
Summary: Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is a widespread and economically damaging virus in the global poultry industry. A study developed an inactivated H9N2 vaccine based on a duck-origin AIV and found that it effectively elicited antibodies in both chickens and ducks. The vaccine also provided protection against homogenous and heterologous H9N2 viruses and was efficacious in field conditions. The study concluded that this inactivated H9N2 vaccine is highly favorable for the prevention of H9N2 in both chickens and ducks.
Article
Immunology
Yaping Chen, Yanhui Xiao, Ying Ye, Feng Jiang, Hanqing He, Linyun Luo, Haiping Chen, Lubin Shi, Qiuyue Mu, Wei Chen, Xue Guo, Min Zhang, Jun Li, Qinghu Guan, Zhiping Chen, Xiaoming Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates that in infants, coadministration of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71 vaccine) with trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) is safe and does not interfere with immunogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoqiang Liu, Juliana Park, Shengli Xia, Bin Liang, Shuangmin Yang, Yanxia Wang, Olga Syrkina, Nathalie Lavis, Shuzhen Liu, Chenyan Zhao, Jian Ding, Jieqiong Hu, Sandrine Samson, Iris A. de Bruijn
Summary: The safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent, split-virion influenza vaccine (Shz QIV) developed in China were assessed. The vaccine showed good tolerability and induced immune responses in different age groups, demonstrating non-inferiority against various strains of influenza virus.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sara H. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Khalil, Noura M. Abo Shama, Marwa F. El Sayed, Reem A. Soliman, Naglaa M. Hagag, Nahed Yehia, Mahmoud M. Naguib, Abdel-Sattar Arafa, Mohamed A. Ali, Mounir M. El-Safty, Ahmed Mostafa
Summary: Controlling avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is mainly done through culling infected bird flocks or using inactivated vaccines. New avian influenza virus subtypes have been reported in Egypt, calling for an updated vaccine. In this study, three H5Nx vaccines were generated using reverse genetic system, and their immunogenicity and cross-reactivity were assessed. The results showed that rgH5N1_2.3.4.4 vaccine induced high immunogenicity and provided efficient protection against different H5Nx HPAIVs.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roos S. G. Sablerolles, Wim J. R. Rietdijk, Abraham Goorhuis, Douwe F. Postma, Leo G. Visser, Daryl Geers, Katharina S. Schmitz, Hannah M. Garcia Garrido, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Anke L. W. Huckriede, Melvin Lafeber, Debbie van Baarle, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel, Rory D. de Vries, P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in healthcare workers who had received a single-shot Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The results showed that booster vaccinations increased the levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses compared to a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Boosters containing mRNA-based vaccines induced significantly higher levels of binding antibodies than homologous boosters. The mRNA-1273 booster was the most immunogenic but had higher reactogenicity compared to the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhaozhen Liu, Can Pang, Yuchuan Deng, Caiping Guo, Jia Li, Yanping Li, Ruolei Xin, Xiyao Li, Conghui Xu, Chun Huang, Hongyan Lu, Jie Li
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity of the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and found that HIV-infected individuals had weaker immune responses, especially those with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kenneth E. Schmader, Christine K. Liu, Brendan Flannery, Wes Rountree, Heidi Auerbach, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Christopher A. Todd, Marek Poniewierski, Mary A. Staat, Theresa Harrington, Rongxia Li, Karen R. Broder, Emmanuel B. Walter
Summary: This study compared the antibody titers of different strains of influenza after the administration of adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV) and high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV) in older adults. The results showed no significant differences in immune responses between the two vaccines, but the seroconversion rate for the H3N2 strain was lower for aIIV compared to HD-IIV.
Review
Immunology
Amit Bansal, Mai-Chi Trieu, Kristin G. I. Mohn, Rebecca Jane Cox
Summary: Research shows that inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, generating good antibody responses and providing moderate to high protection rates against different influenza types. The efficacy/effectiveness of IIVs is around 50%-70% in pregnant women and 20%-90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, but depends on various factors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tazio Vanni, Maria da Grada Salomao, Juliana Yukari Kodaira Viscondi, Patricia Emilia Braga, Anderson da Silva, Roberta de Oliveira Piorelli, Joane do Prado Santos, Vera Lucia Gattas, Maria Beatriz Bastos Lucchesi, Mayra Martho Moura de Oliveira, Marcelo Eiji Koike, Lucia M. A. Campos, Eduardo B. Coelho, Lily Yin Weckx, Amanda Nazareth Lara, Terezinha M. Paiva, Maria do Carmo S. T. Timenetsky, Alexander Roberto Precioso
Summary: This study demonstrates that the seasonal influenza vaccine developed by Instituto Butantan is comparable to the one developed by Sanofi Pasteur in terms of immunogenicity and safety.
Article
Microbiology
Weigang Ren, Shuli Pei, Wenming Jiang, Meixia Zhao, Le Jiang, Honggang Liu, Yongxiang Yi, Mizhou Hui, Junwei Li
Summary: A replication-deficient recombinant influenza virus was developed in this study, which stimulated robust immune response and conferred complete protection against H5N1 or H9N2 influenza virus infections in mice.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Lauren Fischer, Dan O'Brien, Joe Vasey, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-propagated inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) versus egg-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (eIIV4) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in the 2018-2019 US season. The results showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters in individuals vaccinated with ccIIV4 compared to eIIV4, supporting ccIIV4 as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Tousief Irshad Ahmed, Saqib Rishi, Summaiya Irshad, Jyoti Aggarwal, Karan Happa, Sheikh Mansoor
Summary: This article provides a systematic review and summary of studies on Bharat Biotech's Covaxin. The findings show that Covaxin has a 93.4% efficacy against severe COVID-19, good immunogenicity, and acceptable safety profile. However, Covaxin's immunogenicity performance is relatively inferior and it provides insufficient protection against the Omicron variant.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhenzhen Wang, Zhenhua Li, Weiwei Shi, Dashuai Zhu, Shiqi Hu, Phuong-Uyen C. Dinh, Ke Cheng
Summary: The combination of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine with inactivated influenza A virus provides protection against COVID-19, influenza, and co-infection, inducing strong immune responses and neutralization activity.
Article
Virology
Artur Capao, Maria L. Aguiar-Oliveira, Braulia C. Caetano, Thayssa K. Neves, Paola C. Resende, Walquiria A. F. Almeida, Milene D. Miranda, Olindo A. ssis Martins-Filho, David Brown, Marilda M. Siqueira, Cristiana C. Garcia
Summary: Annual vaccination against influenza is crucial in preventing deaths and hospitalizations. The effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) is influenced by antigenic mismatches, age, previous immunity, and other host factors. A study on Brazilian volunteers revealed that TIV significantly enhanced antibody titers and seroprotection, but the response weakened over time. Regular evaluations based on regional influenza strain circulation and the factors affecting vaccine response are recommended.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Robert L. Atmar, Sasirekha Ramani
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Wanzhi Huang, Victoria Soeung, David M. Boragine, Liya Hu, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Mary K. Estes, Robert L. Atmar, Timothy Palzkill
Summary: This study utilized a high-resolution method to map multiple antibody binding sites simultaneously from complex serum samples. The results indicated that a relatively small number of sites on the virus bind a large number of independently generated antibodies, suggesting that immunodominance plays a role in the humoral immune response to NoV infections.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Khalil Ettayebi, Victoria R. Tenge, Nicolas W. Cortes-Penfield, Sue E. Crawford, Frederick H. Neill, Xi-Lei Zeng, Xiaomin Yu, Vijayalakshmi Ayyar, Douglas Burrin, Sasirekha Ramani, Robert L. Atmar, Mary K. Estes
Summary: The study demonstrates that optimization of cultivation conditions in human intestinal enteroid cultures can effectively replicate multiple strains of human noroviruses (HuNoVs), which is crucial for research on HuNoV biology and the development of treatment methods.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Elizabeth F. Eisenmenger, Emmanuel Guajardo, Natalie Finch, Robert L. Atmar, Zaven Sargsyan
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Hana M. El Sahly, Robert L. Atmar, Eli Sendra, Ashley Wegel, Wendy A. Keitel
Summary: The study concluded that the combination of topical imiquimod with ID MIV A/H5N1 was safe but did not result in improved serologic responses to the vaccine.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Elizabeth Wenqian Wang, Jacqueline G. Parchem, Robert L. Atmar, Eva H. Clark
Summary: Despite the lack of data on vaccine safety in pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, the known risks of COVID-19 during pregnancy likely outweigh the potential risks of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which have demonstrated reassuring safety and efficacy profiles in nonpregnant populations.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Victoria R. Tenge, Kosuke Murakami, Wilhelm Salmen, Shih-Ching Lin, Sue E. Crawford, Frederick H. Neill, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Robert L. Atmar, Mary K. Estes
Summary: Laboratory cultivation of viruses is essential for studying viral replication, detection methods, drug development, and antiviral research. Some viruses, such as human noroviruses and hepatitis B and C viruses, have difficulties replicating in cell lines, with tropism for the intestine and liver. Understanding the role of bile acids and receptors in virus replication is crucial for developing and optimizing culture systems for these viruses.
Article
Primary Health Care
Larissa Grigoryan, Roger Zoorob, George Germanos, Mohamad Sidani, Matthew Horsfield, Fareed Khan, Mohammad Zare, Melanie Goebel, Robert Atmar, Barbara Trautner
Summary: The multifaceted stewardship intervention significantly increased guideline adherence for antibiotic choice and duration in the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis, compared to the control group. Future research is needed to further explore the scalability and sustainability of similar interventions in primary care settings.
FAMILY MEDICINE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
R. L. Atmar, K. E. Lyke, M. E. Deming, L. A. Jackson, A. R. Branche, H. M. El Sahly, C. A. Rostad, J. M. Martin, C. Johnston, R. E. Rupp, M. J. Mulligan, R. C. Brady, R. W. Frenck, M. Backer, A. C. Kottkamp, T. M. Babu, K. Rajakumar, S. Edupuganti, D. Dobrzynski, R. N. Coler, C. M. Posavad, J. Archer, S. Crandon, S. U. Nayak, D. Szydlo, J. A. Zemanek, C. P. Dominguez Islas, E. R. Brown, M. S. Suthar, M. J. McElrath, A. B. McDermott, D. C. Montefiori, A. Eaton, K. M. Neuzil, D. S. Stephens, P. C. Roberts, J. H. Beigel
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of homologous and heterologous booster vaccines in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen. The results showed that both types of booster vaccines were safe and immunogenic.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Rolando Pajon, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Xiaoying Shen, Stephen D. Schmidt, Sijy O'Dell, Charlene McDanal, Wenhong Feng, Jin Tong, Amanda Eaton, Maha Maglinao, Haili Tang, Kelly E. Manning, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Lilin Lai, Madison Ellis, Kathryn M. Moore, Katharine Floyd, Stephanie L. Foster, Christine M. Posavad, Robert L. Atmar, Kirsten E. Lyke, Tongqing Zhou, Lingshu Wang, Yi Zhang, Martin R. Gaudinski, Walker P. Black, Ingelise Gordon, Mercy Guech, Julie E. Ledgerwood, John N. Misasi, Alicia Widge, Nancy J. Sullivan, Paul C. Roberts, John H. Beigel, Bette Korber, Lindsey R. Baden, Hana El Sahly, Spyros Chalkias, Honghong Zhou, Jing Feng, Bethany Girard, Rituparna Das, Anne Aunins, Darin K. Edwards, Mehul S. Suthar, John R. Mascola, David C. Montefiori
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Victoria R. Tenge, Liya Hu, B. V. Venkataram Prasad, Goran Larson, Robert L. Atmar, Mary K. Estes, Sasirekha Ramani
Summary: Recognition of cell-surface glycans is crucial for virus attachment to host cells. Studies on HuNoVs show that HBGA glycan structures are important for infection, and the antibody-mediated neutralization mechanism has been explored. The use of novel culture systems has confirmed the necessity of fucosylated HBGAs for HuNoV infection.
Review
Virology
Boyang Zhao, Liya Hu, Yongcheng Song, Ketki Patil, Sasirekha Ramani, Robert L. Atmar, Mary K. Estes, B. V. Venkataram Prasad
Summary: Human norovirus (HuNoV) infection is a global health and economic burden with no licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs available. Developing HuNoV protease inhibitors by targeting the enzyme's active site faces challenges due to subtle differential conformational flexibility and structural differences in the active site and substrate-binding pockets. Further comparative analysis of available HuNoV protease structures is needed to identify novel strategies for effective inhibitor design and development.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Andre C. Kalil, Aneesh K. Mehta, Thomas F. Patterson, Nathaniel Erdmann, Carlos A. Gomez, Mamta K. Jain, Cameron R. Wolfe, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Susan Kline, Justino Regalado Pineda, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Michelle S. Harkins, Patrick E. H. Jackson, Nicole M. Iovine, Victor F. Tapson, Myoung-don Oh, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Richard A. Mularski, Catharine Paules, Dilek Ince, Jin Takasaki, Daniel A. Sweeney, Uriel Sandkovsky, David L. Wyles, Elizabeth Hohmann, Kevin A. Grimes, Robert Grossberg, Maryrose Laguio-Vila, Allison A. Lambert, Diego Lopez de Castilla, EuSuk Kim, LuAnn Larson, Claire R. Wan, Jessica J. Traenkner, Philip O. Ponce, Jan E. Patterson, Paul A. Goepfert, Theresa A. Sofarelli, Satish Mocherla, Emily R. Ko, Alfredo Ponce de Leon, Sarah B. Doernberg, Robert L. Atmar, Ryan C. Maves, Fernando Dangond, Jennifer Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Tyler Bonnett, Tatiana Beresnev, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Walla Dempsey, Seema U. Nayak, Lori Dodd, Kay M. Tomashek, John H. Beigel
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of interferon beta-1a in combination with remdesivir versus remdesivir alone in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. The results showed no significant difference in time to recovery and mortality rate between the interferon beta-1a plus remdesivir group and the placebo plus remdesivir group, with patients requiring high-flow oxygen at baseline having poorer outcomes after interferon beta-1a treatment.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Laura Adams, Joshua M. Wong, Katherine A. Poehling, Wilbur H. Chen, Veronica McNally, Robert L. Atmar, Stephen H. Waterman
Summary: Dengue is a vectorborne infectious disease caused by closely related dengue viruses, transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. The Dengvaxia vaccine is recommended by ACIP for children aged 9-16 with previous dengue infection in endemic areas, as it is safe and effective in preventing severe dengue. Prior natural infection is important, as vaccination may increase the risk of severe dengue in individuals experiencing their first natural infection after vaccination.
MMWR RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mary J. Choi, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Amy N. Whitesell, Jonathan W. Dyal, Allison Joyce, Rebecca L. Morgan, Doug Campos-Outcalt, Marissa Person, Elizabeth Ervin, Yon C. Yu, Pierre E. Rollin, Brian H. Harcourt, Robert L. Atmar, Beth P. Bell, Rita Helfand, Inger K. Damon, Sharon E. Frey
Summary: This report summarizes the recommendations for the use of the Ervebo Ebola vaccine in the United States, highlighting the contraindication for individuals with severe allergic reactions to rice protein. The vaccine is the first and only one licensed by the FDA for preventing EVD, with recommendations for preexposure vaccination for adults at highest risk.
MMWR RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS
(2021)