Review
Immunology
Punyisa Asawapaithulsert, Thundon Ngamprasertchai, Amornphat Kitro, Jose de la Fuente
Summary: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable disease that poses a risk to individuals living in endemic areas and international travelers. Recent data show a decrease in JE incidence among local populations, but the risk for travelers remains. Vaccine acceptance rates among international travelers are low, potentially due to cost and lack of risk perception. An accelerated vaccine regimen or a single dosage of a live attenuated vaccine may be options for travelers.
Review
Immunology
Kumar Saurabh Srivastava, Vandana Jeswani, Nabanita Pal, Babita Bohra, Vaishali Vishwakarma, Atharva Ashish Bapat, Yamini Prashanti Patnaik, Navin Khanna, Rahul Shukla
Summary: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a potentially severe brain infection that spreads through mosquito bites. Currently, there is no licensed anti-JEV drug available, although there are a few licensed vaccines with limited global use. With over 67,000 cases of JE annually, there is an urgent need to find suitable antiviral drugs for treatment.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ya-Li Hu, Ping-Ing Lee
Summary: Japanese encephalitis is an endemic disease with mortality rate between 3% and 30%, and long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae develop in 30-50% of survivors. There is no antiviral therapy available for JE, but vaccines are key in prevention. The incidence of JE has declined over the years in countries with immunization programs, with age distribution shifting towards adults.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rui Qin, Guanmin Meng, Smruti Pushalkar, Michael A. Carlock, Ted M. Ross, Christine Vogel, Lara K. Mahal
Summary: Understanding the association between glycosylation and vaccine-induced antibody levels is crucial for improving vaccine design and vaccination strategies. A study on Caucasian adults receiving the FLUZONE influenza vaccine found that nonresponders had higher levels of Lewis A antigen (Lea) before vaccination. Glycoproteomic analysis suggested that glycosylation may play a role in modulating complement protein activities, which could be relevant to vaccine responses. Additionally, high responders showed an increase in sialyl Lewis X antigen (sLex) and a decrease in high mannose glycans after vaccination, indicating active modulation of glycosylation by the immune system.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Xiaoshu Zhang, Na Jin, Aixia Tu, Maoxing Dong, Tianshan Shi, Xiaowei Ren, Shuyu Liu, Xiaohong Zhao, Jianfeng Liu, Zhao Wu, Yixing Li, Dan Wu, Huanyu Wang, Haijun Wang, Yukun Hu, Bin Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Lei Meng
Summary: Mainland China included Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in the national immunization program in 2008 to control the JE epidemic. However, Gansu province in Western China experienced the largest JE outbreak since 1958 in 2018. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study and found that adults aged >= 20 years, especially those in rural areas, were the main JE cases in Gansu Province. Additionally, JE outbreaks in Gansu Province mainly occurred in the southeastern region, and recent changes in temperature and precipitation contributed to the spread of the epidemic areas.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ekachai Dumkliang, Boonnada Pamornpathomkul, Prasopchai Patrojanasophon, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Theerasak Rojanarata, Sutee Yoksan, Praneet Opanasopit
Summary: The study evaluated the immunization effect of mucoadhesive nanoparticles loaded with live attenuated Japanese encephalitis-chimeric virus vaccine through the intranasal route, demonstrating that intranasal immunization stimulated immune protection and enhanced mucosal immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Deborah J. Mills, Colleen L. Lau
Summary: Research has shown that administering smaller doses of JE vaccine intradermally is as effective as standard doses given subcutaneously, potentially increasing vaccination uptake due to the cheaper and still effective method of administration.
JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Byung Ok Kwak, Young Se Kwon, Young Jin Hong, Seon Hee Shin, Byung Wook Eun, Young Min Ahn, Hwang Min Kim, Nam Hee Kim, Dong Hyun Kim
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of the third booster dose of the inactivated JE vaccine in Korean children, and found that it is both safe and effective in boosting immunity.
Article
Virology
Yi-Chin Fan, Yi-Ying Chen, Jo-Mei Chen, Chienjin Huang, Mei Huang, Shyan-Song Chiou
Summary: The expansion of genotype I (GI) Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEV) has raised concerns over the effectiveness of genotype III (GIII) virus-derived vaccines. This study used swine as a model to evaluate the effectiveness of GIII live-attenuated vaccines against GI virus infection.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jina Ahn, Ji Eun Yu, Hanna Kim, Jemin Sung, Gyoonhee Han, Myung Hyun Sohn, Baik-Lin Seong
Summary: We successfully produced homo-pentameric EDIII in E. coli through genetic fusion and RNA-mediated assembly. The pentameric assembly was validated and the chimeric antigen triggered high neutralizing antibodies against JEV Nakayama strain in immunized mice. These results suggest that the bacterially produced recombinant chimeric antigen can serve as a cost-effective alternative to conventional inactivated vaccines against JEV.
Review
Microbiology
Qiqi Xia, Yang Yang, Yan Zhang, Lujia Zhou, Xiaochun Ma, Changguang Xiao, Junjie Zhang, Zongjie Li, Ke Liu, Beibei Li, Donghua Shao, Yafeng Qiu, Jianchao Wei, Zhiyong Ma
Summary: Japanese encephalitis has undergone significant changes in recent years, with the expansion of the epidemic zone and the shift in dominant genotypes. The current JE vaccine has limited effectiveness against new strains, posing challenges for prevention and control efforts.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Luis F. Schachner, Wilson Phung, Guanghui Han, Martine Darwish, Ashley Bell, J. Scott Mellors, Kristina Srzentic, Romain Huguet, Craig Blanchette, Wendy Sandoval
Summary: Immune monitoring in cancer immunotherapy requires screening CD8+ T-cell responses against tumor-specific peptides. This study demonstrates the use of native mass spectrometry to profile intact MHCI complexes and measure peptide exchange, providing a high-throughput method for characterizing MHCI-peptide screening.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Dancan K. Njeri, Justin R. Ragains
Summary: The assigned tetrasaccharide repeating subunit from the Acinetobacter baumannii KL4-associated capsular polysaccharide has been successfully synthesized through chemical synthetic efforts. A convergent synthetic strategy based on a 1,2-cis-selective [2+2] glycosylation was crucial for the synthesis of the fully protected tetrasaccharide.
Article
Immunology
Srihari Seshadri, Stacey W. Martin, Susan L. Hills, Limone C. Collins Jr
Summary: The Vero cell culture-derived Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (JE-VC; Ixiaro) was approved in 2009 as a safer alternative to the previous mouse brain-derived vaccine which had serious adverse events. A study among military personnel found slightly higher rates of hypersensitivity and neurologic adverse events following JE-VC compared to another vaccine, but the rates were low for both vaccines. These findings support the safety of JE-VC.
Article
Immunology
Siraj A. Khan, Parveena Choudhury, Sanjeeb Kakati, Rimamoni Doley, Manash P. Barman, Manoj Murhekar, Harpreet Kaur
Summary: The study showed that a single dose of JE vaccine provided adequate protection for adults for at least six years, with effectiveness gradually decreasing over time. Following vaccination, the incidence of JE cases in adults decreased, but the vaccine coverage among adults in the two districts still needs improvement.
