Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanan Gao, Qingyu Zhao, Huiling Dong, Min Xiao, Xuefei Huang, Xuanjun Wu
Summary: Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) play a central role in protective immunity against malignancies and infectious diseases. This study developed partially oxidized acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Ox-AcDEX NPs) as a general vaccine delivery platform. By conjugating CTL peptide epitopes and immune-enhancing adjuvants, effective vaccines against cancer and viruses were successfully created, demonstrating the potential for immune protection.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Estefani Garcia-Rios, Alejandra Leivas, Francisco J. Mancebo, Laura Sanchez-Vega, Diego Lanzarot, Jose Maria Aguado, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Maria Liz Paciello, Pilar Perez-Romero
Summary: The study demonstrates the ability to efficiently stimulate SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells from convalescent donors and the increased percentage of these cells in vaccinated convalescent donors. These findings suggest the potential clinical usefulness of isolated SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells.
Review
Pathology
Andrii Puzyrenko, Juan C. Felix, Yunguang Sun, Hallgeir Rui, Yuri Sheinin
Summary: The global Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in over 40 million confirmed cases and more than 1 million confirmed deaths, with respiratory failure being the main cause of death in hospitalized patients. CD8 positive cell infiltration in the lungs of patients with persistent interstitial pneumonitis due to SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to tissue damage.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Sarah Cristina Gozzi-Silva, Luana de Mendonca Oliveira, Ricardo Wesley Alberca, Natalli Zanete Pereira, Fabio Seiti Yoshikawa, Anna Julia Pietrobon, Tatiana Mina Yendo, Milena Mary de Souza Andrade, Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos, Cyro Alves Brito, Emily Araujo Oliveira, Danielle Rosa Beserra, Raquel Leao Orfali, Valeria Aoki, Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte, Maria Notomi Sato
Summary: This study evaluated the characteristics of T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients and found that patients with severe/critical conditions express more activation markers and the immunological checkpoint protein PD-1. In addition, the increased cytotoxicity of CD4+ T cells may compensate for the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interplay of T cells in the severity of acute COVID-19 infection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Asmaa Owis, Marwa S. El-Hawary, Dalia El Amir, Hesham Refaat, Eman Alaaeldin, Omar M. Aly, Mahmoud A. Elrehany, Mohamed S. Kamel
Summary: This study found that a mixture of 11 flavonoids prepared from the meswak plant extract, along with its liposomal formulation, can effectively inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2, almost as well as remdesivir. Additionally, these agents were found to release plant chemicals with antiviral activity in the oral cavity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Avinash Mali, Gianluigi Franci, Carla Zannella, Annalisa Chianese, Shubaash Anthiya, Ana M. Lopez-Estevez, Alessandra Monti, Anna De Filippis, Nunzianna Doti, Maria Jose Alonso, Massimiliano Galdiero
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for the development of antiviral agents to reduce the fatality rate caused by infectious diseases. Nasal delivery of antiviral agents is a promising strategy as the coronavirus enters and spreads through the nasal passage. Peptides have emerged as powerful candidates for antiviral treatments, demonstrating strong antiviral activity, improved safety, efficacy, and specificity against viral pathogens.
Article
Immunology
Giusto D. Badami, Marco P. La Manna, Paola Di Carlo, Ondrej Stanek, Irena Linhartova, Nadia Caccamo, Peter Sebo, Francesco Dieli
Summary: HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes play a critical role in protective immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. This study investigates the ability of the enzymatically inactive Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (CyaA) toxoid to deliver HLA-E-binding Mtb epitopes for expanding human CD8+ T cells in vitro. The results demonstrate that the CyaA-toxoid containing HLA-E-restricted Mtb epitopes can significantly expand antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and promote interferon-gamma production and cytotoxic activity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Andrii Puzyrenko, Juan C. Felix, Nathan A. Ledeboer, Yunguang Sun, Hallgeir Rui, Yuri Sheinin
Summary: This study presents detailed histopathological findings on lung biopsy in patients with persistent pneumonitis and severe interstitial inflammatory infiltration due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A novel lung injury pattern associated with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis, characterized by marked interstitial CD8-positive T-cell lymphocytic infiltration, is described. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the lung changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xu-Rui Shen, Rong Geng, Qian Li, Ying Chen, Shu-Fen Li, Qi Wang, Juan Min, Yong Yang, Bei Li, Ren-Di Jiang, Xi Wang, Xiao-Shuang Zheng, Yan Zhu, Jing-Kun Jia, Xing-Lou Yang, Mei-Qin Liu, Qian-Chun Gong, Yu-Lan Zhang, Zhen-Qiong Guan, Hui-Ling Li, Zhen-Hua Zheng, Zheng-Li Shi, Hui-Lan Zhang, Ke Peng, Peng Zhou
Summary: This study confirmed that T cells can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 in a spike-ACE2-independent manner. This finding provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer L. Welch, Jinhua Xiang, Qing Chang, Jon C. D. Houtman, Jack T. Stapleton
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection may express its receptor ACE-2 in T cells, altering T cell proliferation, activation, and survival, leading to impaired immune function.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daichao Wu, Alexander Kolesnikov, Rui Yin, Johnathan D. Guest, Ragul Gowthaman, Anton Shmelev, Yana Serdyuk, Dmitry V. Dianov, Grigory A. Efimov, Brian G. Pierce, Roy A. Mariuzza
Summary: This study reveals the structural information of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) bound to their peptide-MHC targets and explains the mechanisms behind their selection of specific germline genes and recognition of different variants. This has important implications for designing vaccines to elicit pan-coronavirus immunity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Gomez-Perosanz, Jose L. Sanchez-Trincado, Miguel Fernandez-Arquero, John Sidney, Alessandro Sette, Esther M. Lafuente, Pedro A. Reche
Summary: This study identified and characterized 23 conserved HRV-specific CD8 T cell epitopes on PBMCs from 14 HLA I typed subjects, confirming peptide-specific IFN gamma production and binding to the relevant HLA I for nine of these epitopes. The study also validated cytotoxicity mediated by A*02:01-restricted epitopes and discovered an unusually long 16-mer epitope peptide restricted by A*02:01. These HRV-specific CD8 T cell epitopes are expected to elicit CD8 T cell responses in up to 87% of the population and could be crucial for developing an HRV vaccine.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa, Sonny R. Elizaldi, Jamin W. Roh, Brian A. Schmidt, Timothy D. Carroll, Kourtney D. Weaver, Justin C. Smith, Anil Verma, Jesse D. Deere, Joseph Dutra, Mars Stone, Sergej Franz, Rebecca Lee Sammak, Katherine J. Olstad, J. Rachel Reader, Zhong-Min Ma, Nancy K. Nguyen, Jennifer Watanabe, Jodie Usachenko, Ramya Immareddy, JoAnn L. Yee, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Dennis Hartigan-O'Connor, Stephen J. McSorley, John H. Morrison, Nam K. Tran, Graham Simmons, Michael P. Busch, Pamela A. Kozlowski, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Christopher J. Miller, Smita S. Iyer
Summary: Induction of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is crucial for antibody responses to viral infections, as shown in a rhesus macaque model of mild COVID-19 where SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in transient accumulation of proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells specific for viral proteins.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James Logue, Robert M. Johnson, Nita Patel, Bin Zhou, Sonia Maciejewski, Bryant Foreman, Haixia Zhou, Alyse D. Portnoff, Jing-Hui Tian, Asma Rehman, Marisa E. McGrath, Robert E. Haupt, Stuart M. Weston, Lauren Baracco, Holly Hammond, Mimi Guebre-Xabier, Carly Dillen, M. Madhangi, Ann M. Greene, Michael J. Massare, Greg M. Glenn, Gale Smith, Matthew B. Frieman
Summary: This study demonstrates that the recombinant prefusion-stabilized Beta spike protein vaccine (rS-Beta) induces a strong immune response in baboons and mice, including protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, rS-Beta vaccine produces neutralizing antibodies against multiple variants. These findings suggest that rS-Beta vaccine could elicit a broad immune response to fight new and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jitske van den Bulk, Manon van der Ploeg, Marieke E. Ijsselsteijn, Dina Ruano, Ruud van der Breggen, Rebekka Duhen, Koen C. M. J. Peeters, Arantza Farina-Sarasqueta, Els M. E. Verdegaal, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Thomas Duhen, Noel F. C. C. de Miranda
Summary: Expression of CD103 and CD39 can specifically identify neoantigen-specific CD8(+) T cells in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with low mutation burden.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)