Review
Environmental Sciences
Chimdi C. Muoghalu, Prosper Achaw Owusu, Sarah Lebu, Anne Nakagiri, Swaib Semiyaga, Oliver Terna Iorhemen, Musa Manga
Summary: Globally, about 2.7 billion people rely on onsite sanitation systems for their sanitation needs, but these systems do not effectively remove contaminants. Previous studies suggest that post treatment systems with biochar can improve contaminant removal efficiency, but the mechanisms and factors are still understudied. This review discusses factors affecting biochar efficiency, modifications to enhance efficiency, mechanisms of contaminant removal, and limitations of biochar use. It also highlights future research areas and the application of biochar in wastewater treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Milad Mousazadeh, Nastaran Khademi, Isik Kabdasli, Seyedahmadreza Rezaei, Zeinab Hajalifard, Zohreh Moosakhani, Khalid Hashim
Summary: The synergistic combination of EC-EO process effectively removes pollutants in domestic greywater, with operational variables such as current density and pH having significant impacts on removal efficiency. Optimal operation conditions result in high removal rates of COD, colour, turbidity, and TOC. Furthermore, optimizing operational conditions can lead to cost and energy savings.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luiz Antonio Papp, Flavio Aparecido Rodrigues, Wagner Alves de Souza Judice, Welington Luiz Araujo
Summary: The increasing population and housing density have led to greater consumption of water resources, causing drinking water shortages in many regions. This article discusses the performance of a wastewater treatment system in a shopping mall in Brazil, which successfully reused water for cooling towers and toilets, resulting in significant savings in drinking water consumption.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. D'ostuni, C. Stanghellini, A. Boedijn, L. Zaffi, F. Orsini
Summary: Recent studies have shown that Urban Agriculture (UA) can contribute to sustainable urban developments by integrating agricultural practices in cities. The use of soil-less cultivation in mixed-use buildings can create synergies between the built environment and the urban food system. This research focuses on the feasibility of using urine and greywater as nutrient solutions in a theoretical model of Building-Integrated Agriculture (BIA) in Amsterdam. The results indicate that it is feasible, although adjustments may be required to match nutrient concentrations.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Arjen Van de Walle, Minseok Kim, Md Kawser Alam, Xiaofei Wang, Di Wu, Smruti Ranjan Dash, Korneel Rabaey, Jeonghwan Kim
Summary: Sustainable water management is crucial for ensuring access to safe water and addressing challenges such as climate change, urbanization, and population growth. Greywater, which accounts for 50-80% of daily wastewater generation in households and has low organic strength and high volume, requires separate treatment strategies due to its characteristics. Greywater reuse can enhance the resilience and adaptability of local water systems, reduce transport costs, and achieve fit-for-purpose reuse. Various biological and physicochemical treatment technologies can produce treated water suitable for reuse. Overcoming challenges such as greywater quality variance, legal framework, monitoring and control systems, and consumer perspective is important. The potential water and energy savings and sustainable future of greywater reuse in an urban context are also discussed.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eduardo Leiva, Carolina Rodriguez, Rafael Sanchez, Jennyfer Serrano
Summary: This study found that in rural areas, using decentralized greywater treatment systems for reuse is not economically viable, as the investment and operating costs are not offset by water savings. Economic indicators for treating light greywater were less negative compared to treating a mixture of light greywater and dark greywater in the two evaluated scenarios (public schools).
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gloria Amaris, Richard Dawson, Jorge Gironas, Stephane Hess, Juan de Dios Ortuzar
Summary: The residential reuse of greywater as a strategy to address water security issues has gained attention, with cities like Santiago de Chile promoting laws to mandate the incorporation of necessary infrastructure in new buildings. The success of water savings is influenced by individual consumers' choice to use the parallel system, and predicting their behavior is challenging due to the lack of widespread implementation. This paper proposes a method to predict policy effectiveness and greywater reclaim benefits based on individual preferences.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Irshad N. Shaikh, M. Mansoor Ahammed
Summary: A year-long study was conducted to assess the quantity and quality characteristics of greywater generated from different sources of an Indian household. The effect of source separation on greywater quantity and pollutant load contribution was also assessed. The results showed that kitchen and laundry greywater were the major contributors to pollutant load.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gislayne A. Oliveira, Gustavo S. Colares, Carlos A. Lutterbeck, Naira Dell'Osbel, Enio L. Machado, Lucia R. Rodrigues
Summary: Floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are efficient and easy to install technologies for the treatment of domestic wastewater, offering advantages such as low cost, nutrient removal and reduced maintenance and energy consumption compared to conventional centralized treatment. Further research is needed on the operation, cost assessment and reuse of FTW in decentralized systems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Surya Pratap Singh, Meena Kumari Sharma, Shailesh Kumar Sarangi, Shatrudhan Pandey, Ahmed Farouk Deifalla, S. M. Mozammil Hasnain
Summary: The present study investigates the applicability of sequential anaerobic aerobic integrated settler-based biofilm reactor (SAABR) for the onsite treatment of domestic wastewater. The main aim of the study is to overcome the inherent flaws in an anaerobic system as well as enhancing the effluent quality by means of aerobic post-treatment. The sequential system consisted of an anaerobic settler is followed by two biofilters, anaerobic as well aerobic in series. The system was run on two hydraulic loading conditions (steady and non-steady flow) with a 24-hour hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the anaerobic system and a 2-hour HRT of aerobic filters. It was found that the performance of the system at steady flow stood at 93.9 +/- 2.6, 93.3 +/- 1.8, 91.2 +/- 4.2, 75.8 +/- 3.8 and 98.7 +/- 1.1% in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and faecal coliform (FC), respectively while at non-steady flow, it decreased slightly. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) showed the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the system. The system is able to overcome the major flaws of the anaerobic systems and able to deliver high effluent quality. The study demonstrated that the sequential system can be a sustainable alternative for the onsite treatment of domestic wastewater, particularly in rural areas of the developing countries like India.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniella Itzhari, Zeev Ronen
Summary: The reuse of household greywater is increasing globally, however, wastewater and greywater treatment processes are not fully effective in removing all contaminants. The dynamics between emerging micropollutants and antibiotic resistance genes in greywater treatment systems are complex. More studies are needed to understand the fate and transport of emerging micropollutants, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in microbial communities and soil properties.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caixia Liu, Fulai Liu, Mathias N. Andersen, Gongming Wang, Kun Wu, Quanlin Zhao, Zhengfang Ye
Summary: This study conducted a column experiment to simulate the infiltration process of wastewater in desert soil and evaluated its effects on soil, drainage, and plant properties. The results showed that wastewater significantly improved plant growth, but improper treatment of wastewater could lead to contamination of soil and groundwater.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anat Bernstein, Hagar Siebner, Andrew G. Kaufman, Amit Gross
Summary: The study showed that chlorination treatment of greywater at lower chlorine concentrations is not expected to pose an environmental health risk when the water is reused for irrigation. However, it was found that the chlorination process can affect the relationship between organic matter and THM formation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shikha Jyoti Borah, Rishi Ram, Vinod Kumar, Kashyap Kumar Dubey
Summary: Globally, there is a mismanagement of grey wastewater in developing countries, posing a threat to the circular economy. This literature study aims to provide insights into the environmental impact and mitigation of surfactants in greywater, focusing on advancements in surfactant elimination techniques such as adsorption, ultrafiltration, biodegradation, and biomembrane separation. However, complete elimination of surfactants remains a significant challenge. The study emphasizes the urgent implementation of alternative strategies for greywater reuse and explores the potential of greywater as a nutrient source for crop cultivation, particularly through aeroponics.
Rating: 8/1
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Z. Amadou Yacouba, J. Mendret, G. Lesage, F. Zaviska, S. Brosillon
Summary: This study developed an innovative integrated membrane and oxidation system for domestic wastewater treatment, combining MBR, NF, and ozonation. The NF process effectively rejected selected organic micropollutants, while ozonation achieved successful degradation of various pharmaceuticals. Pre-ozonation significantly reduced NF fouling resistance.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yael Dubowski, Yuval Alfiya, Yael Gilboa, Sara Sabach, Eran Friedler
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Caleb Christian Amos, Ataur Rahman, John Mwangi Gathenya, Eran Friedler, Fazlul Karim, Andre Renzaho
Review
Environmental Sciences
Tiange Wu, Haihong Song, Jianbin Wang, Eran Friedler
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eran Friedler, Diana F. Chavez, Yuval Alfiya, Yael Gilboa, Amit Gross
Summary: This study investigated the reuse of greywater (GW) and found that total suspended solids (TSS) and 5-d biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) have a negative impact on disinfection efficiency during the treatment process. Multiple linear regression models were established to predict the FC inactivation by chlorination or UV irradiation. The models were validated and showed a high level of variability in the measured FC inactivation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yael Gilboa, Yuval Alfiya, Sara Sabach, Eran Friedler, Yael Dubowski
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation for advanced oxidation treatment to remove H2S from groundwater.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ofer Snir, Eran Friedler
Summary: The study developed a high-temporal-resolution stochastic rainwater harvesting model to assess the dual benefits of RWH: potable water savings and runoff reduction.
Editorial Material
Water Resources
Sarina J. Ergas, Jose Amador, Treavor Boyer, Eran Friedler
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE WATER IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Karin Yaniv, Marilou Shagan, Yair E. Lewis, Esti Kramarsky-Winter, Merav Weil, Victoria Indenbaum, Michal Elul, Oran Erster, Alin Sela Brown, Ella Mendelson, Batya Mannasse, Rachel Shirazi, Satish Lakkakula, Oren Miron, Ehud Rinott, Ricardo Gilead Baibich, Iris Bigler, Matan Malul, Rotem Rishti, Asher Brenner, Eran Friedler, Yael Gilboa, Sara Sabach, Yuval Alfiya, Uta Cheruti, Nadav Davidovich, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Yakir Berchenko, Itay Bar-Or, Ariel Kushmaro
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on healthcare, economies, and societies, highlighting the need for novel disease monitoring methods. Recent data suggests that wastewater monitoring can be an efficient tool for epidemiological surveillance and early warning of SARS-CoV-2 circulation at the population level. This study showed varying presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples from different locations in a city before a clinical resurgence, indicating the potential for early detection of infection outbreaks in populations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ofer Snir, Eran Friedler, Avi Ostfeld
Summary: The practice of rainwater harvesting has the potential to alleviate stress on urban water distribution systems. This study suggests a method that uses a genetic algorithm to improve the capability of rainwater collection systems while reducing the impact on harvested rainwater availability.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Itay Bar-Or, Karin Yaniv, Marilou Shagan, Eden Ozer, Merav Weil, Victoria Indenbaum, Michal Elul, Oran Erster, Ella Mendelson, Batya Mannasse, Rachel Shirazi, Esti Kramarsky-Winter, Oded Nir, Hala Abu-Ali, Zeev Ronen, Ehud Rinott, Yair E. Lewis, Eran Friedler, Eden Bitkover, Yossi Paitan, Yakir Berchenko, Ariel Kushmaro
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus, has had a significant impact on affected countries' healthcare systems, economies, and societies in the past 8 months. Wastewater monitoring may serve as an efficient tool for epidemiological surveillance of the virus in large populations.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Michelle E. Portman, Olga Vdov, Manfred Schuetze, Yael Gilboa, Eran Friedler
Summary: Studying perceptions about reuse of alternative water sources provides insights into the necessary conditions for transitioning to large-scale decentralized water reuse. A survey was conducted based on initial interviews with water management experts in Israel to understand the public's willingness to adopt reuse practices and preferences for different types of reused water. The results showed that knowledge about reuse practices was the most significant factor influencing willingness to implement reuse practices for all three alternative water sources. Additionally, health risks were found to be more important than convenience and costs in hypothetical scenarios of water savings.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Y. Sharaby, Y. Gilboa, Y. Alfiya, S. Sabach, U. Cheruti, Eran Friedler
Summary: A wastewater-based epidemiology program was used in a long-term study at Technion campus to detect and contain the spread of COVID-19. Results from wastewater surveillance were used to create a traffic-light scheme for tracking and containing COVID-19 on campus. Out of 523 sewage samples, 87.4% were negative and 11.5% were positive for SARS-CoV-2, with additional cases being identified through clinical testing.
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Yael Gilboa, Eran Friedler, Manfred Schuetze
Summary: In this study, a dynamic model coupled with Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing was developed to analyze water balance and assess the environmental and economic aspects of water reuse under typical Israeli conditions. Six different scenarios using various water sources were compared. The results indicate that using treated greywater or treated wastewater for non-potable uses are the most economical scenarios, while the business-as-usual scenario of using only potable water has the largest negative environmental impacts.
URBAN WATER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yael Gilboa, Eran Friedler, Firas Talhami, Gideon Gal
Summary: Water residence time is crucial in lakes and reservoirs as it affects the water quality and ecological processes. Accurate quantification of water residence time and its distribution is important for lake management. This study presents a novel approach based on the Leslie matrix model for assessing residence time in lakes and reservoirs. It provides a more accurate quantification of mean residence time and can be adapted to other waterbodies.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tara E. Randall, Yarrow S. Linden, Jasmine Gamboa, Breanna Real, Eran Friedler, Karl G. Linden
Summary: This study aimed to understand the conditions that impact bacterial repair and regrowth following UV LED exposure and the significance for UV LED disinfection in reuse settings. The results showed that dark repair and regrowth mechanisms did not occur, water matrix did not have a significant effect on bacterial recovery, and UV light at 265 nm inhibited photorepair to a greater extent.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
