期刊
ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
卷 36, 期 1, 页码 93-111出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/uog.7622
关键词
3D/4DUS; fetal physiology; fetal venous system; IUGR; prenatal diagnosis; venous Doppler; venous malformations
The human fetal venous system is well-recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. In Part I of this review, we described the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system, essential to the understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction and other developmental disorders. In Part II we review the etiology and sonographic appearance of malformations of the human fetal venous system, discuss the pathophysiology of the system and describe venous Doppler investigation in the fetus with circulatory compromise. Copyright (C) 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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