Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Genwei Zhang, Silong Peng, Jie Yang, Shuya Cao, Qibin Huang
Summary: This study presents an asymmetric peak model for processing ion mobility peaks to extract characteristic analyte peaks and achieve online qualitative analysis. By focusing on the Coulombic effects, a new hypothesis of ion cloud shape was proposed, and a formula for calculating the standard deviation was derived. The proposed method successfully decomposed overlapping peaks into individual peaks and outperformed other available methods in terms of execution time.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Microscopy
Proloy Nandi, Eric R. Hoglund, James M. Howe
Summary: Spatially resolved valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy was used to acquire low-loss EEL spectra from Al grain boundaries with different GB energies. Three different separation techniques were employed to extract the GB response from the spectra and produced similar results.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wu Lan, Tong Zhao, Defan Wu, Deren Yang, Xiangyang Ma
Summary: Ge-doping can enhance the nucleation of oxide precipitates by facilitating the formation of vacancy-oxygen complexes, but it can also introduce compressive stress into silicon lattice, which increases the critical size required for the growth of oxide precipitates and suppresses their growth during annealing at 1000 degrees C.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kristina Tomic Luketic, Marko Karlusic, Andreja Gajovic, Stjepko Fazinic, Jacques H. O'Connell, Borna Pielic, Borna Radatovic, Marko Kralj
Summary: Both silicon and graphite are radiation hard materials against swift heavy ions, but they can still be affected by irradiation effects at low energies. Recrystallization is considered the main mechanism of prompt damage anneal in both materials, while the surface of graphite is found to be more prone to irradiation damage than the bulk.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuteng Gui, Mi Zhao, Peiran Jiang, Wei Ye, Jianquan Zhao, Yunsong Zhao, Yanqiang Qiao, Shusen Wu, Youwei Yan
Summary: This study provides new insights into the Ru-effects on the oxidation resistance of some fourth-generation single-crystal Ni-based superalloys at 1150 degrees C. Ru additions were found to decrease the oxidation resistance of the alloys due to the formation of micro-pores and cracks in the oxide scale, despite inhibiting the precipitation of undesirable TCP phases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elif Habibe Aktekin, Meryem Ozlem Kutuk, Ozlem Sanguen, Nalan Yazici, Fatma Caylakli, Ilknur Erol, Faik Sarialioglu
Summary: This study reviewed the long-term follow-up outcomes of 20 patients with medulloblastoma. The results showed that besides improvements in treatment, various adverse effects, including endocrinological, neuropsychiatric, cardiological, auditory, and visual issues, can be encountered.
CHILDS NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhanqiang Hui, Xijian Wen, Deng Pan, Dongdong Han, Tiantian Li, Jiamin Gong
Summary: The proposed ultrawideband polarization rotator on SOI platform demonstrates low insertion loss and high performance for polarization mode conversion, making it suitable for various optical fiber communication bands.
OPTICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Rebecca Holt, Laurence Bruggeman, Katherine Demuth
Summary: Providing visual speech cues can improve processing speed for children with hearing loss, leading to positive effects on their classroom and social interactions.
SPEECH COMMUNICATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
G. Vijayasri, R. N. Bhowmik
Summary: The ac conductivity and dielectric properties of alpha-Fe2-xGaxO3 samples were investigated in a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. The samples exhibited semiconductor behavior and the dielectric properties were strongly influenced by the magnetic spin order transformation in the hematite structure. At lower temperatures, a nearly constant loss regime was observed, while charge hopping conduction dominated at higher temperatures. The electrical conductivity increased with the addition of Ga content in the hematite structure.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shangkun Shen, Zhangjie Sun, Liyu Hao, Xing Liu, Jian Zhang, Kunjie Yang, Peng Liu, Xiaobin Tang, Engang Fu
Summary: This study investigated the He-irradiation response of SLM 316L and revealed several possible reasons for the improved resistance to He irradiation. The effects of unique sub-grain boundaries were found to contribute to the decreased bubble diameter in SLM 316L, while the effects of oxide particles were not significant. The mechanism of stress-dominated He densities in bubbles was validated, and new reasons for the decrease in bubble diameter were proposed. These insights contribute to the development of steels fabricated by SLM for advanced nuclear applications.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Austin D. Scherbarth, Taylor K. Blair, Gary Pickrell
Summary: Thermally sprayed coatings improve component lifespan and protect substrates; coating adhesion is crucial. Increasing nozzle traverse speed reduces material loss significantly with minimal impact on surface roughness.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gang Wang, Xuejiao Tang, Yalun Zhao, Mingfan Li, Pingping Huang, Xiaoying Zhang, Chao Weng, Ping Shen
Summary: This study focuses on the molecular engineering of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) and their impact on optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. Six N,S-heteroarene (axa-indacenodithiophene, NIT)-based SMAs were designed and synthesized. The results show that end group engineering has a greater effect on absorption properties and molecular energy levels. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on these SMAs exhibited improved performance, with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.51% achieved with the SMA NIT810-T-F. The study provides valuable insights for the molecular design of high-performance SMAs.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiwei Li, Wen Cao, Jun Ding, Jinyong Fang, Jing Sun, Chenjiang Guo
Summary: This article proposes a triple-stage microwave protector for high power protection of radio frequency systems. The protector adopts a cascade structure, which improves its tolerance power and provides a fast response time. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the protector has low flat leakage and insertion loss, making it suitable for HPEM protection of L/S-band RF systems.
2022 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETER WAVE TECHNOLOGY (ICMMT)
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Filip Bergabo, Jamal Jalilian-Marian
Summary: This study investigates the role of coherent, medium-induced energy loss in azimuthal angular correlations in dihadron production in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) at small x. The research shows that radiative cold-matter energy loss has a significant effect on the coincidence probability for the back to back production of dihadrons in DIS, and the double ratio of coincidence probabilities for nucleus and proton targets is robust against higher order radiative corrections.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stanislaw Kuzmicki, Artur Kruszewski, Marek Kruszewski
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of body weight loss on somatic features and peak power in senior Greco-Roman wrestlers from the Polish national team. The study included 14 males, with 7 wrestlers reducing their body weight and 7 wrestlers not changing their body weight. The results showed that a 5-day rapid weight loss protocol led to changes in body circumferences and somatic type, but did not affect lower-limb peak power.
BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Boopathy Kombaiah, Yufan Zhou, Ke Jin, Anus Manzoor, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Jeffery A. Aguiar, Hongbin Bei, Dilpuneet S. Aidhy, Philip D. Edmondson, Yanwen Zhang
Summary: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit good radiation tolerance, but some HEAs suffer from considerable void swelling at high radiation damage levels, limiting their application in advanced nuclear reactor concepts. By introducing Cu-rich nanoprecipitates and corresponding coherent interfaces in the HEA matrix, the void swelling resistance of the alloy can be significantly improved. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that the high-density interfaces of the nanoprecipitates facilitate the effective recombination of radiation-produced vacancies and interstitials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simon C. Boehme, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk, Max Burian, Federica Bertolotti, Ihor Cherniukh, Caterina Bernasconi, Chenglian Zhu, Rolf Erni, Heinz Amenitsch, Denys Naumenko, Hordii Andrusiv, Nazar Semkiv, Rohit Abraham John, Alan Baldwin, Krzysztof Galkowski, Norberto Masciocchi, Samuel D. Stranks, Gabriele Raino, Antonietta Guagliardi, Maksym V. Kovalenko
Summary: The success of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is due to the precise control of QD size, shape, and composition, which has enabled the development of well-defined functional nanomaterials. Although the strong confinement regime has been extensively explored for InP or CdSe QDs, it has not been thoroughly investigated for lead-halide perovskite QDs. This is mainly due to the limited chemical stability and size monodispersity of perovskite QDs smaller than 7 nm.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Reza J. J. Kashtiban, Christopher E. E. Patrick, Quentin Ramasse, Richard I. I. Walton, Jeremy Sloan
Summary: Halide perovskite structures formed at the quantum scale are revolutionizing optoelectronic materials design, such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Four sub-nanometer halide perovskite structures were successfully created inside single-walled carbon nanotubes, demonstrating unique properties and bandgap widening compared to bulk forms. These structures show promise in the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Nigel D. Browning, Jony Castagna, Angus I. Kirkland, Amirafshar Moshtaghpour, Daniel Nicholls, Alex W. Robinson, Jack Wells, Yalin Zheng
Summary: Images and spectra obtained from aberration corrected STEM are widely used for quantitative analysis of nanostructures and materials/biological systems. However, achieving atomic resolution observations with these capabilities is challenging due to potential electron beam modification during image acquisition, especially for in situ observations. This paper describes a methodology of sub-sampling and Inpainting to efficiently use the dose and minimize beam effects, as well as discusses the potential of Inpainting for real-time dynamic experiments.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Walid Dachraoui, Rolf Erni
Summary: This study utilizes in situ liquid cell scanning transmission electron microscopy to track the growth of Pd nanoparticles at the atomic scale. The results reveal that the formation of Pd nanoparticles involves multiple steps, including nonclassical nucleation and multi-step growth processes. These findings confirm the importance of element-specific interactions in determining the pathway of crystalline nanoparticle formation, even under identical synthesis conditions.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jack W. Jordan, Alexander Chernov, Graham A. Rance, E. Stephen Davies, Anabel E. Lanterna, Jesum Alves Fernandes, Alexander Gruneis, Quentin Ramasse, Graham N. Newton, Andrei N. Khlobystov
Summary: Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are highly effective nanocontainers for polyoxometalate (POM) molecules, with spontaneous encapsulation from aqueous solution and Lewis acid-base interactions likely driving the process. Extensive investigation of the guest-molecules revealed energy and electron transfer processes between BNNTs and POMs, leading to various phenomena such as quenching of BNNT photoluminescence, emergence of new photoluminescence emissions, photochromic response, and paramagnetic signals from guest-POMs. These findings provide a fresh perspective on nanoscale host-guest interactions and open pathways for harnessing the functional properties of hybrid systems.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kenneth J. T. Livi, Mario Villalobos, Quentin Ramasse, Rik Brydson, Hugo Slavko Salazar-Rivera
Summary: The capacity for crystals to adsorb elements and molecules depends on the structures of their crystal faces and their proportions. This study reveals that the surface structure of crystal faces is influenced by surface roughness, which is the main factor controlling the absorption site density. By examining synthetic goethites with different crystal size distributions, it is found that crystal size affects their shape, atomic-scale surface roughness, and total surface site density. The results show that surface roughness increases with the size of synthetic goethites and this leads to an increase in the total site density compared to ideal smooth crystals.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexander Vogel, Alicia Ruiz Caridad, Johanna Nordlander, Martin F. Sarott, Quintin N. Meier, Rolf Erni, Nicola A. Spaldin, Morgan Trassin, Marta D. Rossell
Summary: Recent studies have found that oxygen defects on the surface of improper ferroelectric thin films can result in the loss of ferroelectric response. We investigated hexagonal YMnO3 thin films and discovered that the polarization suppression in thinner films is due to oxygen vacancies. We demonstrated that these vacancies form on the film surfaces to screen the large internal electric field. Furthermore, by modifying the oxygen concentration, we can significantly tune the phase transition temperatures. These findings are expected to be applicable to other ferroelectric oxide films, highlighting the importance of controlling oxygen content and cation oxidation states for successful integration in nanoscale applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivan Surin, Zhenchen Tang, Julian Geiger, Suyash Damir, Henrik Eliasson, Mikhail Agrachev, Frank Krumeich, Sharon Mitchell, Vita A. Kondratenko, Evgenii V. Kondratenko, Gunnar Jeschke, Rolf Erni, Nuria Lopez, Javier Perez-Ramirez
Summary: The discovery of low-valent manganese stabilized on ceria as a stable catalyst for ammonia oxidation to nitrous oxide offers a promising solution to the high manufacturing costs and suboptimal selectivity and stability of nitrous oxide synthesis. The catalyst exhibits higher productivity than state-of-the-art alternatives and establishes a structure-performance relationship.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xi Zhang, Stephan Pollitt, Gihun Jung, Wenzhe Niu, Pardis Adams, Jan Buhler, Nora S. Grundmann, Rolf Erni, Maarten Nachtegaal, Neul Ha, Jisu Jung, Byungha Shin, Wooseok Yang, S. David Tilley
Summary: This work addresses the issue of short minority carrier diffusion length in Cu2S by synthesizing nanostructured Cu2S thin films, which enables increased charge carrier collection. The photocathode based on the nanoplate Cu2S reveals enhanced charge carrier collection and improved photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance. This work provides a simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput method to prepare phase-pure nanostructured Cu2S thin films for scalable solar hydrogen production.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thaylan Pinheiro Araujo, Jordi Morales-Vidal, Georgios Giannakakis, Cecilia Mondelli, Henrik Eliasson, Rolf Erni, Joseph A. Stewart, Sharon Mitchell, Nuria Lopez, Javier Perez-Ramirez
Summary: Ternary Pd-In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation exhibit selective and stable architecture under CO2 hydrogenation conditions, irrespective of the order of addition of Pd and In phases on the zirconia carrier. The rapid restructuring of the catalysts is driven by the metal-metal oxide interaction energetics. The presence of InPdx alloy particles decorated by InOx layers prevents performance losses associated with Pd sintering.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Vogel, Alicia Ruiz-Caridad, Johanna Nordlander, Rolf Erni, Morgan Trassin, Marta D. Rossell
Summary: In this study, the crystal and electronic structure of YMnO3 thin films were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The phase transition and changes in the electronic structure were observed and analyzed. The study demonstrated the sensitivity of the O-K near-edge structure to structural distortions in YMnO3 polymorphs, providing important insights for future research on polymorphic phase transformations in improper ferroelectrics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianwei Wang, Jiangtao Zhao, Henrik Eliasson, Rolf Erni, Abolfazl Ziarati, Siobhan Mckeown Walker, Thomas Burgi
Summary: Depositing Au-25 nanoclusters onto a manganese oxide support produces a stable and highly active catalyst. By optimizing the pretreatment temperature, the performance of the Au-25/MnO2 catalyst in low-temperature CO oxidation can be significantly enhanced.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chiara Ricca, Elizabeth Skoropata, Marta D. Rossell, Rolf Erni, Urs Staub, Ulrich Aschauer
Summary: A highly ordered Moire dislocation lattice has been discovered recently, and the structure and defect chemistry of these dislocations have been investigated through experimental characterization and computational calculations. The results show the presence of undercoordinated light metal cations and oxygen vacancies at the dislocation cores, which may affect the properties of complex multifunctional heterostructures and result in the reduction of Ti ions through electron doping.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henrik Eliasson, Yubiao Niu, Richard E. Palmer, Henrik Gronbeck, Rolf Erni
Summary: Based on scanning transmission electron microscopy, direct evidence is provided to show how the metal-support interaction affects the structure of supported nanoparticles. It is found that Pt nanoparticles on CeO2 exhibit facet-dependent support interaction, which determines the dimensionality of the particles. Pt particles consisting of less than approximately 130 atoms prefer a 3D shape on CeO2(111) facets, while 2D raft structures are favored on CeO2(100) facets.
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.