Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zeno Dorian Ghizdavet, Adrian Volceanov, Eniko Volceanov
Summary: Alumina ceramics were synthesized using three different alumina sources, various rare-earth dopants and concentration levels, and different synthesizing routes. Measurements of absorption and density were taken, resulting in a complex database. Principal Component Analysis was used to deduce relationships between variables and observations. Scanning Electron Microscopy images were processed and analyzed using Fractal Dimension to quantify microstructural features. The results showed correlations between processing method, dopant type, and microstructural features.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ravikant Mordia, Arvind Kumar Verma
Summary: This paper reviews some vision system-based techniques for detecting surface defects, discussing hardware systems, software systems, lighting methods, and image processing and control systems. The paper presents the development of vision-based defect detection techniques and classifiers.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lele Li, Zhixia Chang, Keyu Wei, Yi Tang, Zhao Chen, Hongli Zhang, Yang Wang, Heyun Zhu, Bo Feng
Summary: This study proposed a new method for discriminating and quantifying black ginseng. The black ginseng samples were divided into incomplete and complete black ginseng based on accurate quantification of six ginsenosides. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) combined with a multivariate statistical analysis strategy was then employed to differentiate the two groups.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rafael L. Bernardi, Amokrane Berdja, Christian Dani Guzman, Miguel Torres-Torriti, Martin M. Roth
Summary: This research proposes a new method for restoring sky images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using deep neural networks. The network is trained using simulated sky images to generate a corrected version of the image with a constant and known point spread function (PSF) across the field of view.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francois Lanusse, Rachel Mandelbaum, Siamak Ravanbakhsh, Chun-Liang Li, Peter Freeman, Barnabas Poczos
Summary: In this work, a methodology based on deep generative models is proposed for creating complex galaxy morphology models to meet the needs of upcoming surveys. By incorporating a hybrid Deep Learning/physical Bayesian hierarchical model, technical challenges associated with learning morphology model from noisy and PSF-convolved images are addressed.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Tong Zou, Hal S. Stern
Summary: This work explores the application of likelihood ratio as a forensic evidence assessment tool for evaluating the causal mechanism of bloodstain patterns. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the likelihood ratio approach for bloodstain pattern analysis, while also indicating some challenges that need to be addressed.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Josue Pacheco-Cherrez, Arturo Delgado-Gutierrez, Diego Cardenas, Oliver Probst
Summary: The study introduces a novel approach based on wavelet transform for reliably detecting damage locations in structures in an experimental setup, with a 100% damage recognition rate demonstrated in the experiments.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tao Xu, Huan Yu, Xia Qiu, Bo Kong, Qing Xiang, Xiaoyu Xu, Hao Fu
Summary: This study used digital image processing technology, self-organizing map (SOM), and multivariate statistical methods to investigate the spatial distribution and clustering patterns of gravels in the grassland of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of gravels were similar in the northern and southern regions, with low coverage, small diameter, and elongated shape. The central region had high gravel coverage and larger diameter, mainly distributed in high-altitude plains. The study demonstrated that the combination of digital image processing technology and SOM can effectively analyze the spatial distribution of gravels, offering a new approach for gravel research.
JOURNAL OF ARID LAND
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hsiung-Cheng Lin, Sheng-Xi Xiao
Summary: Oral administration is the most commonly used drug delivery method in disease treatment, but the visual defects of tablets can greatly impact their effectiveness. Therefore, identifying tablet defects before bottling is a crucial issue in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there is currently a lack of simple and effective mechanisms to tackle this problem in the industry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Weifeng Li, Bin Li, Shuanlong Niu, Zhenrong Wang, Miao Wang, Tongzhi Niu
Summary: This article proposes an end-to-end network to solve the problem of defect location and shape feature fusion. The location attention module enhances the perception of defect locations, while the shape detection module with feature difference loss strengthens the detection of defect shapes. In the decoding stage, the features of different scales are fused to obtain the final defect region. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed location and shape detection modules in the intersection over union on four datasets.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joseph S. Indeck, Jesus O. Mares, James P. Vitarelli, Kavan Hazeli
Summary: The method presented in the study determines the feature resolution of physically relevant metrics by analyzing a truncated portion of the dataset to establish the best-fit distribution curve. It allows for estimation of missing objects below the resolution of the instrumentation and is suitable for applications where large datasets can be achieved.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Linjian Lei, Shengli Sun, Yue Zhang, Huikai Liu, Hui Xie
Summary: The paper introduces a novel surface defect detection method called SERDD, which can efficiently and accurately detect surface defects while solving issues in character recognition and coordinate transformation. Through validation and comparison, the effectiveness and advancement of the method are proven.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mengxiang Dai, Sen Li, Qingxin Shi, Xingliang Xiang, Yuehui Jin, Sha Wei, Lijun Zhang, Min Yang, Chengwu Song, Rongzeng Huang, Shuna Jin
Summary: This study used advanced analytical techniques to identify the differences in triterpenes between crude Alismatis rhizoma and its processed forms. The results showed that new triterpenes were generated during processing, and some existing triterpenes increased or decreased.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Crislaine Bertoldi, Larissa Z. Lara, Adriano A. Gomes, Andreia N. Fernandes
Summary: The study developed a simple procedure to determine the abundance of microplastics using digital image processing and chemometric treatment, showing potential to quantify microplastics based on their color, which can help reduce time-consuming and subjective future analyses.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Xiaodong Wang, Xianwei Xu, Yanli Wang, Pengtao Wu, Fei Yan, Zhiqiang Zeng
Summary: In this paper, a robust method for scale defect detection on medical syringes is proposed. The method utilizes a two-stage framework to locate defects and achieves high detection performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yifan Sun, Felipe Polo-Garzon, Zhenghong Bao, Jisue Moon, Zhennan Huang, Hao Chen, Zitao Chen, Zhenzhen Yang, Miaofang Chi, Zili Wu, Jue Liu, Sheng Dai
Summary: This study reports a nanocrystal-based atom-trapping strategy for accessing atomically precise Cu-CeO2 nanostructures to enhance catalytic performance. By utilizing the interfacial interactions between pre-synthesized Cu and CeO2 nanocrystals, Cu atoms can migrate and redisperse onto the surface of CeO2, allowing for the tuning of copper dispersion and the creation of CeO2 surface oxygen defects, resulting in improved catalytic activities and stabilities.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mingjin Cui, Chunpeng Yang, Sooyeon Hwang, Menghao Yang, Sean Overa, Qi Dong, Yonggang Yao, Alexandra H. Brozena, David A. Cullen, Miaofang Chi, Thomas F. Blum, David Morris, Zou Finfrock, Xizheng Wang, Peng Zhang, Vitaliy G. Goncharov, Xiaofeng Guo, Jian Luo, Yifei Mo, Feng Jiao, Liangbing Hu
Summary: Nanoscale multi-principal element intermetallics (MPEIs) can be synthesized as ultrasmall and stable nanoparticles through a disorder-to-order phase transition approach, offering a broad and tunable compositional space of active, high-surface area materials with potential applications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yizhen Chen, Rachita Rana, Zhennan Huang, Fernando D. Vila, Tyler Sours, Jorge E. Perez-Aguilar, Xiao Zhao, Jiyun Hong, Adam S. Hoffman, Xu Li, Chunyan Shang, Thomas Blum, Jie Zeng, Miaofang Chi, Miquel Salmeron, Coleman X. Kronawitter, Simon R. Bare, Ambarish R. Kulkarni, Bruce C. Gates
Summary: Atomically dispersed metals on metal oxide supports are a rapidly growing class of catalysts. Understanding the bonding between metals and supports is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of support surfaces. This study reports atomically dispersed CO oxidation catalysts with different metal-support interactions and determines their structures using various techniques. The results show the transformation of surface to subsurface platinum with increasing calcination temperature, with the subsurface platinum exhibiting lower activity but greater stability compared to surface platinum.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Annemieke Janssen, Zhiheng Lyu, Marc Figueras-Valls, Hsin-Yun Chao, Yifeng Shi, Veronica Pawlik, Miaofang Chi, Manos Mavrikakis, Younan Xia
Summary: The crystal phase of the deposited metal depends on the lateral size of the face-centered cubic (fcc)-Pd nanoplate templates, with smaller plates resulting in fcc-Ru and larger plates resulting in hexagonalclosed-packed (hcp)-Ru. The performance of Pd@fcc-Ru nanoplates is better than Pd@hcp-Ru nanoplates in oxidation reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weiwei Yang, Felipe Polo-Garzon, Hua Zhou, Zhennan Huang, Miaofang Chi, Harry Meyer III, Xinbin Yu, Yuanyuan Li, Zili Wu
Summary: In this study, different Pd single atom catalysts on ceria support were obtained by thermal pretreatment, leading to enhanced activity for methane oxidation. The enhanced activity is related to the oxygen-deficient local structure and elongated interacting distance with ceria.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Nigel D. Browning, Jony Castagna, Angus I. Kirkland, Amirafshar Moshtaghpour, Daniel Nicholls, Alex W. Robinson, Jack Wells, Yalin Zheng
Summary: Images and spectra obtained from aberration corrected STEM are widely used for quantitative analysis of nanostructures and materials/biological systems. However, achieving atomic resolution observations with these capabilities is challenging due to potential electron beam modification during image acquisition, especially for in situ observations. This paper describes a methodology of sub-sampling and Inpainting to efficiently use the dose and minimize beam effects, as well as discusses the potential of Inpainting for real-time dynamic experiments.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Weiwei Yang, Mi-Young Kim, Felipe Polo-Garzon, Jian Gong, Xiao Jiang, Zhennan Huang, Miaofang Chi, Xinbin Yu, Xiang Wang, Yanbing Guo, Zili Wu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of thermal aging and sulfur poisoning on the efficiency and lifetime of natural gas three-way catalysts (TWCs). The results show that both thermal aging and sulfur-induced deactivations lead to a degradation in CH4 combustion performance due to the reconstruction of Pd species and decreased reducibility of the support. Sulfation aging promotes the activation of CH4 and O2, but the sulfate also hinders the exchange of lattice oxygen.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jacob Smith, Zhennan Huang, Wenpei Gao, Guannan Zhang, Miaofang Chi
Summary: Cryogenic four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) imaging is a valuable technique for studying quantum materials and their interfaces at atomic scale, but its applications are restricted by the instability of cryo-stages and electronics. To address this issue, an algorithm is developed to correct complex distortions in the atomic resolution cryogenic 4D-STEM data sets. This method involves nonrigid registration and affine transformations to minimize information loss in both reciprocal and real spaces, enabling the reconstruction of sample information from 4D-STEM data sets. It is computationally inexpensive, fast, and suitable for on-the-fly data analysis in future in situ cryogenic 4D-STEM experiments.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinbin Yu, Jisue Moon, Yongqiang Cheng, Luke Daemen, Jue Liu, Sung Wng Kim, Abinash Kumar, Miaofang Chi, Victor Fung, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Zili Wu
Summary: NH3 synthesis is a critical industrial process. Ru catalysts have high activity in this reaction but are susceptible to hydrogen poisoning. By using supports like electrides and hydrides, the problem of hydrogen poisoning can be alleviated. However, there is limited research on the structural dynamics of Ru/electride catalysts during the reaction.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Microscopy
Alex W. W. Robinson, Jack Wells, Daniel Nicholls, Amirafshar Moshtaghpour, Miaofang Chi, Angus I. I. Kirkland, Nigel D. D. Browning
Summary: Interpreting scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images at the atomic scale can be challenging due to various factors affecting contrast. Simulations are often used to validate or interpret experimental images, but they can be time-consuming or require specialized hardware. Recent research in compressive sensing for experimental STEM images has shown that it is possible to reduce the acquired signal and still recover the full image without significant loss of quality. This paper proposes applying similar methods to STEM simulations to increase efficiency.
JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Na Yeon Kim, Shaohong Cao, Karren L. More, Andrew R. Lupini, Jianwei Miao, Miaofang Chi
Summary: With the recent development of high-acquisition-speed pixelated detectors, 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) has become available in high-resolution electron microscopy. It provides local information on materials that is challenging to extract from bulk techniques and extends conventional STEM imaging. However, the acquisition of 4D-STEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) simultaneously is currently not possible due to overlapping detector geometry. This study demonstrates the feasibility of modifying the detector geometry for overcoming this challenge and explores the use of a partial or defective detector for ptychographic structural imaging, enabling simultaneous multi-modal measurements with spectral information added to 4D datasets.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Baraa Werghi, Liheng Wu, Amani M. M. Ebrahim, Miaofang Chi, Haoyang Ni, Matteo Cargnello, Simon R. R. Bare
Summary: The synthesis of well-defined approximate to 2 nm Pt, PtSn, and Pt3Sn nanocrystals with distinct crystallographic phases using colloidal chemistry is reported. The activities and stabilities of hexagonal close packing (hcp) PtSn and face centred cubic (fcc) Pt3Sn are found to be different depending on the hydrogen-rich or poor environment. Fcc Pt3Sn/Al2O3 exhibits a unique phase transformation from fcc phase to L1(2)-ordered superlattice. The study provides fundamental understanding of the structure-performance relationship on emerging bimetallic systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongmei Chen, Adrian M. M. Gardner, Guoan Lin, Wei Zhao, Xue Wang, Mounib Bahri, Nigel D. D. Browning, Xiaoxiang Xu, Xiaobo Li
Summary: In this study, a triazine-based COF (TAPT-Bpy-COF) coordinated with cobalt as cocatalysts showed visible-light-driven photocatalytic water oxidation. Its highly ordered structures, high surface area, good wettability, and enhanced charge separation contributed to its high photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity. This work demonstrates the potential of COFs for photocatalytic oxygen evolution half-reaction and overall water splitting.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haoyang Ni, Zhenyao Wu, Xinyi Wu, Jacob G. Smith, Michael J. Zachman, Jian-min Zuo, Lili Ju, Guannan Zhang, Miaofang Chi
Summary: The atomic configurations of atomically dispersed catalysts (ADCs), such as atom-atom distances and clustering, greatly affect their catalytic performance. This study presents a CNN-based algorithm that can quantify the spatial arrangement of different adatom configurations. The algorithm was proven effective in accurately identifying atom positions and analyzing large data sets of ADCs. It offers a robust method to overcome the bottleneck in STEM analysis for ADC catalyst research and has the potential to be used as an on-the-fly analysis tool for catalysts in future in situ microscopy experiments.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ounjit Sodpiban, Tanika Kessaratikoon, Jacob Smith, Guodong Ren, Silvano Del Gobbo, Sonali Das, Miaofang Chi, Valerio D'Elia, Bruce C. Gates
Summary: This study prepares atomically dispersed cerium catalysts to enhance their activity in CO oxidation reaction. By using Ce-(III) and Ce-(IV) precursors, the cerium catalysts on MgO support were successfully prepared and characterized before and after catalysis using various techniques. The results show that the excellent catalyst maintains stable activity during the 2-day reaction time and exhibits improved reducibility with the transformation of cerium ions.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.
