Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Gong, Juan Du, Shang-Wei Li, Hai Huang, Xiao-Lang Qi
Summary: A defensin peptide, CcDef2, from Coridius chinensis has been characterized in this study. It has been found to have antibacterial and immune activities, and shows potential as an alternative to antibiotics. Gene expression analysis reveals that CcDef2 is widely expressed during the developmental stages of C. chinensis, with higher expression levels in adult tissues. Recombinant CcDef2 exhibits significant antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Dan Qiao, Yanjing Zhao, Chao Pei, Xianliang Zhao, Xinyu Jiang, Lei Zhu, Jie Zhang, Li Li, Xianghui Kong
Summary: In this study, two CCL19b genes (CcCCL19b_a and CcCCL19b_b) were cloned from Yellow River carp. The expression of CcCCL19bs was found to be high in gill and intestine of healthy fish, and up-regulated after infection and stimulation. Furthermore, CcCCL19bs were found to have chemotactic and antibacterial activity, attracting leukocytes and promoting their proliferation, as well as exhibiting antibacterial activity against certain pathogens.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Clemens An, Ilissa Pipia, Ana -Sofia Ruiz, Ivonne Arguelles, Martino An, Saima Wase, Guang Peng
Summary: Obesity is a major risk factor for cancers and recent research has focused on the relationship between dysregulated adipokines and cancer development. Adipose tissue, an important endocrine organ, secretes adipokines that modulate inflammation, induce insulin resistance, and regulate their own behavior and production. Dysregulation of adipokine production is caused by physiological changes in adipose tissue, including low-grade inflammation and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, genomic instability, DNA damage response, and the innate immune response have been linked to tumorigenesis. Investigation of adipokines may clarify the link between obesity and cancer and identify potential pharmaceutical targets.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ga-Hyun Son, Jae-Jun Lee, Youngmi Kim, Keun-Young Lee
Summary: The article describes the role of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in preterm births (PTBs), focusing on the changes of AMPs in the development of the disease, and proposing new perspectives on the role of AMPs in PTB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Julia Beisner, Louisa Filipe Rosa, Valentina Kaden-Volynets, Iris Stolzer, Claudia Guenther, Stephan C. Bischoff
Summary: This study showed that supplementation with inulin or sodium butyrate improved diet-induced liver steatosis in obese mice, reduced weight gain, liver weight, plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels. The supplementation also induced expression of Paneth cell antimicrobials, contributing to improved intestinal barrier function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yukai Qin, Zhi Luo, Ke Zhao, Xingyu Nan, Yanan Guo, Weiwei Li, Qun Wang
Summary: This study identified a novel SVWC gene, named EsSVWC, in Eriocheir sinensis, which responds positively to bacterial stimulation and regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides, thus improving the crab's resistance to bacterial infection.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ivana Mirkov, Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov, Marina Ninkov, Dina Tucovic, Jelena Kulas, Milica Zeljkovic, Dusanka Popovic, Milena Kataranovski
Summary: Cadmium is considered one of the most toxic substances affecting various tissues/organs, including the immune system. Studies on Cd's effects on the immune system show inconsistent data in humans and animals due to different exposure levels and experimental systems. However, Cd is known to influence immune cells and responses, although the exact mechanisms are still unclear. In summary, Cd-induced immune alterations may weaken defenses against pathogens and tissue repair activities, highlighting it as a significant health hazard.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Weiwei Zheng, Xing Lv, Shiying Xin, Yuena Sun, Tianjun Xu
Summary: In this study, a new lncRNA called TARL was identified, which plays a positive role in the antibacterial immunity of the fish species Miichthys miiuy to Vibrio anguillarum and V. harveyi. A novel microRNA, miR-2188-3p, that targets TAK1 and inhibits the host antibacterial response and promotes bacterial escape was also discovered. The study provides new insights into the ceRNA mechanism of lncRNA in antibacterial immune responses and its impact on host immunity and bacterial escape.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Reese A. Martin, Ann T. Tate
Summary: Genes involved in immune defense resist rapidly evolving parasites and pathogens and are highly represented in the immune system. Pleiotropic signaling genes affect multiple phenotypes and may play a role in the evolution of inducible immunity. Pleiotropy is prevalent in immune signaling networks, and it provides an advantage for host fitness during infection.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Connie Le, Yanming Liu, Joaquin Lopez-Orozco, Michael A. Joyce, X. Chris Le, D. Lorne Tyrrell
Summary: A CRISPR-Cas9 technique was developed to deplete high-abundance transcripts and enrich rare transcripts in single-cell RNA sequencing. Applying this technique to liver cells infected with HBV showed successful sequencing of HBV RNA in over 74% of the cells by depleting highly abundant transcripts. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that HBV infection did not significantly alter gene expression of host cells, while interferon treatment dramatically changed gene expression.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saima Kausar, Isma Gul, Ruochen Liu, Xiao-Xue Ke, Zhen Dong, Muhammad Nadeem Abbas, Hongjuan Cui
Summary: The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in physiological processes like immune responses, hematopoiesis, cell growth, and differentiation. In this study, researchers investigated the function of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in lepidopteran insects, particularly the Chinese oak silkworm. They identified the full-length sequence of a SOCS-2 protein called ApSOCS-2 and studied its role in the immune response through the JAK-STAT pathway. The results showed that ApSOCS-2 negatively regulates the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes and plays a key role in the immune function of the insect.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ernest Y. Lee, Liana C. Chan, Huiyuan Wang, Juelline Lieng, Mandy Hung, Yashes Srinivasan, Jennifer Wang, James A. Waschek, Andrew L. Ferguson, Kuo-Fen Lee, Nannette Y. Yount, Michael R. Yeaman, Gerard C. L. Wong
Summary: This study confirms the antimicrobial role of PACAP and reveals its selective induction in the brain during infection. Through various mechanisms, including disruption of pathogen membrane integrity and activation of cell death pathways, PACAP exhibits antimicrobial activity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Yanan Li, Fanbin Zhan, Fenglin Li, Zhijie Lu, Zizheng Xu, Youcheng Yang, Fei Shi, Lijuan Zhao, Zhendong Qin, Li Lin
Summary: The study revealed that the manganese SOD in crustaceans plays a crucial role in antibacterial immune response by reducing bacterial abundance through agglutination, thus enhancing resistance to bacterial infection.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaodong Zhang, Xiaokai Chen, Yanli Zhao
Summary: Artificial nanosystems have the ability to modulate immune responses and can be used in vaccine development and treatment of bacterial infections and diseases. This review discusses the recent advances of nanosystems in vaccine development and immune activation, as well as the application of immune-suppressive nanosystems.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Kellen J. Cavagnero, Richard L. Gallo
Summary: Fibroblasts are stromal cells that produce extracellular matrix and play a role in tissue structure and scar formation. Recent studies have found that they are highly heterogeneous and actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune defense. Detailed analysis of barrier tissues such as skin, gut, and lung shows that some fibroblasts directly sense pathogens and other danger signals, contributing to host defense functions such as antimicrobial activity, white blood cell recruitment, and production of cytokines relevant to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristina Schlicht, Nathalie Rohmann, Corinna Geisler, Tim Hollstein, Carina Knappe, Katharina Hartmann, Jeanette Schwarz, Florian Tran, Domagoj Schunk, Ralf Junker, Thomas Bahmer, Philip Rosenstiel, Dominik Schulte, Kathrin Turk, Andre Franke, Stefan Schreiber, Matthias Laudes
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Simonas Juzenas, Matthias Huebenthal, Carl Marten Lindqvist, Robert Kruse, Tim Alexander Steiert, Frauke Degenhardt, Dominik Schulte, Susanna Nikolaus, Sebastian Zeissig, Daniel Bergemalm, Sven Almer, Henrik Hjortswang, Francesca Bresso, Nina Struening, Juozas Kupcinskas, Andreas Keller, Wolfgang Lieb, Philip Rosenstiel, Stefan Schreiber, Mauro D'Amato, Jonas Halfvarson, Georg Hemmrich-Stanisak, Andre Franke
Summary: This study investigates the blood transcriptomes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls. It finds that CD and UC patients have similar blood transcriptomes, but there is extensive gene deregulation in IBD patients. The deregulated genes are mainly involved in innate immunity, particularly neutrophil activation-related pathways.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Arunabh Sharma, Silke Szymczak, Malte Ruhlemann, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Carolin Knecht, Janna Enderle, Stefan Schreiber, Andre Franke, Wolfgang Lieb, Michael Krawczak, Astrid Dempfle
Summary: This study found an association between genetic similarity and microbiome dissimilarity in families of IBD patients, and identified several genomic regions linked to the abundance of specific microbial genera.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bram Verstockt, Valery Volk, Charlot Jaeckel, Dahham Alsoud, Joao Sabino, Susanna Nikolaus, An Outtier, Nicole Kroenke, Friedrich Feuerhake, Gert De Hertogh, Philip Rosenstiel, Severine Vermeire, Stefan Schreiber, Marc Ferrante, Konrad Aden
Summary: This study investigated the effects of tofacitinib in refractory UC patients, finding that tofacitinib can induce and maintain endoscopic and histologic remission in highly refractory UC patients.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hamish Innes, Joanne R. Morling, Stephan Buch, Victoria Hamill, Felix Stickel, Indra Neil Guha
Summary: Through the evaluation of 20 routine risk scores, it was found that APRI and FIB-4, in particular, could be repurposed to estimate an individual's 10-year risk of cirrhosis-related complications. Adding genetic risk factor information to these scores only modestly improved performance.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jacqueline Moltzau Anderson, Tim Lachnit, Simone Lipinski, Maren Falk-Paulsen, Philip Rosenstiel
Summary: Viruses and bacteriophages have an impact on intestinal barrier function and bacterial communities. Changes in the fecal viral communities may be involved in human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Antibiotics significantly affect the fecal viral communities. The composition of viral and bacterial communities are highly correlated, which may contribute to prolonged dysregulation of the bacterial composition.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Svenja Starke, Danielle M. M. Harris, Johannes Zimmermann, Sven Schuchardt, Mhmd Oumari, Derk Frank, Corinna Bang, Philip Rosenstiel, Stefan Schreiber, Norbert Frey, Andre Franke, Konrad Aden, Silvio Waschina
Summary: Amino acid auxotrophies are prevalent in the human gut microbiome, with tryptophan auxotrophy being the most common. Auxotrophy frequencies are higher for amino acids essential to the human host. The presence of auxotrophies is related to microbiome diversity and stability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily Wood, Hinrich Schulenburg, Philip Rosenstiel, Tobias Bergmiller, Dyan Ankrett, Ivana Gudelj, Robert Beardmore
Summary: The mechanism by which antibiotics regulate population decline in bacteria during periods of low nutrient availability is poorly understood. The study finds that ribosome-binding antibiotics can prolong the lifespan of bacteria, while resistance mechanisms that increase growth rates can be detrimental during nutrient stresses. Ribosomal protection acts as a Trojan horse, providing protection from antibiotics but promoting bacterial demise during nutrient stresses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Camille Chauvin, Katarina Radulovic, Olivier Boulard, Myriam Delacre, Nadine Waldschmitt, Paul Regnier, Gauthier Legris, Clement Bouchez, Mohamed-Yassine Sleimi, Philip Rosenstiel, Guillaume Darrasse-Jeze, Mathias Chamaillard, Lionel F. Poulin
Summary: The study indicates that loss of Nod2 signaling in myeloid cells aids in tissue repair of the inflamed large intestine through lysozyme secretion, which may lead to new therapeutics to limit the inflammatory and tumorigenic functions of NOD2.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Roxana M. Pfefferkorn, Benedikt M. Mortzfeld, Christine Fink, Jakob von Frieling, Judith Bossen, Daniela Esser, Christoph Kaleta, Philip Rosenstiel, Holger Heine, Thomas Roeder
Summary: Severe protein restriction has effects on tumor growth and lifespan in a Drosophila model. Alternating periods of severe protein restriction with complete feeding can reduce tumor mass, restore gut functionality, and increase longevity. This diet also reduces chemotherapy-induced stem cell activity associated with tumor recurrence.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Florian Tran, Raphael Brard, Klaus R. Flechsenhar, Konrad Aden, Philip Rosenstiel, Inoncent Agueusop, Stefan Schreiber
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Miriam Ecker, Olivia Coleman, Sandra Bierwirth, Adam Sorbie, Philipp Weber, Nikolai Kohler, Tim Kacprowski, Miriam Wimmer, Andreas Dunkel, Josch Pauling, Josef Ecker, Karin Kleigrewe, Jan Baumbach, Philip Rosenstiel, Katja Steiger, Moritz Jesinghaus, Klaus-Peter Janssen, Dirk Haller
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Julian Schwarzler, Lisa Mayr, Felix Grabherr, Lukas Niederreiter, Maureen Philipp, Barbara Enrich, Robert Koch, Maria Effenberger, Konrad Aden, Philip Rosenstiel, Richard S. Blumberg, Arthur Kaser, Herbert Tilg, Timon E. Adolph
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Danielle M. Harris, Silvio Waschina, Nils Engelbogen, Christoph Ogris, Soner Sari, Johannes Labrenz, Ralf Junker, Claudio C. Conrad, Philip Rosenstiel, Bimba Hoyer, Stefan Schreiber, Silke Szymczak, Konrad Aden
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Joana P. Bernardes, Neha Mishra, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Stefanie Herresthal, Florian Tran, Konrad Aden, Joachim Schultze, Philip Rosenstiel