Development of a species-specific detection method for three Brazilian tomato begomoviruses

The begomoviruses (fam. Geminiviridae) have an ssDNA genome, are transmitted by whiteflies, and cause significant losses in tomato fields in Brazil. Nowadays, begomovirus species identification is carried out through the analysis of their complete genome sequence. Due to the high costs and difficulty in applying this technique to large-scale analysis, we aimed to develop a species-specific detection method based on PCR. Three species were targeted for amplification: Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), Tomato rugose mosaic virus (ToRMV) and Tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV). Thirteen primer combinations were designed, and four were finally selected and tested against a group of 82 samples, including cloned DNA and viral DNA from infected plants previously identified by direct sequencing of PCR products. Three primer combinations were selected that could distinguish the three species, and confirmed by sequencing of amplified products. These combinations were validated by evaluation of field-collected tomato samples infected by begomovirus and this demonstrated that PCR can be a useful tool to distinguish the viruses and detect mixed infections caused by three begomovirus species.