Article
Infectious Diseases
Caleb P. Skipper, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Fiona V. Cresswell, Kiiza K. Tadeo, Michael Okirwoth, Mark Blackstad, Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado, Claudia Fernandez-Alarcon, Stewart Walukaga, Emily Martyn, Jayne Ellis, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Lillian Tugume, Edwin Nuwagira, Joshua Rhein, David B. Meya, David R. Boulware, Mark R. Schleiss
Summary: This study investigates the association between CMV viremia and mortality in patients with HIV-associated meningitis. The results show that patients with CMV viremia have a higher mortality rate at 18 weeks, and the risk of death increases with the viral load.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rattagan Kajeekul, Pawut Mekawichai, Methee Chayakulkeeree
Summary: This study investigated the clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality in HIV-associated and non-HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, and found differences in disease presentation and mortality rate between the two groups.
Article
Dermatology
Supriya Sharma, Jyoti Acharya, Nisha Rijal, Bimal Sharma Chalise, Parmananda Bhandari, Megha Raj Banjara, Prakash Ghimire, Anjana Singh
Summary: This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis among people living with HIV. The findings suggest that cryptococcal antigen detection and India ink staining are effective laboratory techniques for diagnosis and should be prioritized.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Master R. O. Chisale, Alex Jordan, Pocha Kamudumuli, Bernard Mvula, Michael W. Odo, Alice Maida, James Kandulu, Ben Chilima, Frank Sinyiza, Pauline Katundu, Hsin-yi Lee, Rebecca Mtegha, Tsung-Shu Joseph Wu, Joseph Bitirinyo, Rose Nyirenda, Thoko Kalua, Greg Greene, Tom Chiller, Rodney Adam
Summary: A cohort study was conducted to determine the outcomes and risk factors for attrition in adult Malawian people living with HIV (PLHIV) testing positive for cryptococcal antigenemia.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Diego R. Falci, Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
Summary: This study demonstrates that a treatment regimen consisting of a single dose of liposomal amphotericin B followed by 14 days of flucytosine and fluconazole is as effective and has fewer adverse events compared to the current WHO-recommended treatment for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lijun Xu, Yufan Xu, Yanghao Zheng, Xiuming Peng, Zongxing Yang, Qing Cao, Dairong Xiang, Handan Zhao
Summary: The study showed differences in cytokine/chemokine levels between HCM and HTBM patients, with some factors closely related to meningitis and others acting as protective factors against HCM.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
A. Elisabeth Gressler, Daniela Volke, Carolina Firacative, Christiane L. Schnabel, Uwe Mueller, Andor Krizsan, Bianca Schulze-Richter, Matthias Brock, Frank Brombacher, Patricia Escandon, Ralf Hoffmann, Gottfried Alber
Summary: The study showed an increase in anti-cryptococcal IgG titers in CM patients, while IgM titers were not affected. Additionally, pre-existing IgG and IgM antibodies were detected even in healthy individuals' sera.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qi Wang, Qingwen Lin, Haiyan Wang, Minjie Tang, Kengna Fan, Zeqin Zhang, Er Huang, Weiqing Zhang, Fengqing Wang, Qishui Ou, Xiaofeng Liu
Summary: CSF NGAL may serve as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between acute bacterial meningitis (BM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Additionally, it holds clinical significance in monitoring the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for BM.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nathan C. Bahr, Caleb P. Skipper, Kathy Huppler-Hullsiek, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Bozena M. Morawski, Nicole W. Engen, Edwin Nuwagira, Carson M. Quinn, Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Emily E. Evans, Sarah M. Lofgren, Mahsa Abassi, Conrad Muzoora, Michael R. Wilson, David B. Meya, Joshua Rhein, David R. Boulware
Summary: Recurrent symptoms in individuals with prior cryptococcal meningitis are common and difficult to diagnose using current methods. This study aimed to summarize the characteristics, causes, and outcomes of second-episode symptomatic recurrence, providing valuable insights for treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ying Luo, Ying Xue, Qun Lin, Liyan Mao, Guoxing Tang, Huijuan Song, Wei Liu, Shiji Wu, Weiyong Liu, Yu Zhou, Lingqing Xu, Zhigang Xiong, Ting Wang, Xu Yuan, Yong Gan, Ziyong Sun, Feng Wang
Summary: The study established a diagnostic model based on a combination of CSF chlorine, CSF nucleated cell count, CSF lymphocyte proportion, and the tuberculosis-specific antigen/phytohemagglutinin (TBAg/PHA) ratio, which showed excellent utility in discriminating between TBM and BM, with high sensitivity and specificity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Chutithep Teekaput, Saowaluck Yasri, Romanee Chaiwarith
Summary: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of cryptococcal meningitis between HIV-infected and non-infected individuals, finding differences in some aspects. Increasing awareness among physicians of this disease in HIV-uninfected individuals may lead to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Narda Medina, Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela, Juan Carlos Perez, Danicela Mercado, Oscar Bonilla, Eduardo Arathoon, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
Summary: Cryptococcal disease is a significant opportunistic infection among HIV patients, with a high CrAg positivity rate in Guatemala. Cryptococcal meningitis is associated with a high mortality rate, and global access to diagnosis and specific medications is crucial.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fang Zhang, Yuchen Li, Huijun Shen, Jie Tao, Jie Wang
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis, most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and often associated with HIV infection, is the predominant fungal meningitis in clinical practice. This case report highlights an atypical eosinophil-predominant cerebrospinal fluid response in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma and cryptococcal meningitis, suggesting a potential association between Hodgkin lymphoma and eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanyuan Ma, Liang Yang, Mengna Jiang, Xinyuan Zhao, Peng Xue
Summary: Fungal pathogens of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (C. neoformans SC) are a major cause of fungal meningitis. Cell-wall-associated melanin of C. neoformans SC contributes to its virulence and can be influenced by the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Recent studies show that C. neoformans infections cause dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome. This review discusses the potential association between cryptococcal meningitis and the gut microbiome, emphasizing the significance of targeting the gut microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Sally H. H. Mohamed, Tinashe K. K. Nyazika, Kenneth Ssebambulidde, Michail S. S. Lionakis, David B. B. Meya, Rebecca A. A. Drummond
Summary: Cryptococcal meningitis is the leading cause of central nervous system fungal infections in humans, especially in Africa due to high HIV burden and limited access to antifungal treatments. The immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans is not fully understood, but CD4(+) T-cells producing IFN-gamma play a crucial role in fungal clearance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Noel Patson, Mavuto Mukaka, Lawrence Kazembe, Marinus J. C. Eijkemans, Don Mathanga, Miriam K. Laufer, Tobias Chirwa
Summary: This study compared two shared frailty models in terms of estimating time-dependent treatment effects and unobserved patient heterogeneity. The results showed that the LSF-NPH model provided better estimates for unbiased hazard ratio estimation, while the ISF-PH model was better for unbiased frailty variance estimation.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Melek Huyuk, Marta Fiocco, Pieter E. Postmus, Danielle Cohen, Jan H. von der Thusen
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between lymph node micrometastases in stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after surgical resection. The study found that patients with lymph node micrometastases detected through ancillary techniques had significantly poorer OS and DFS compared to patients without micrometastases. The 5-year OS and DFS rates were lower in the micrometastasis group compared to the no micrometastasis group.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rupam Tripura, Lorenz von Seidlein, Siv Sovannaroth, Thomas J. Peto, James J. Callery, Meas Sokha, Mom Ean, Chhouen Heng, Franca Conradis-Jansen, Wanassanan Madmanee, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Naomi Waithira, Panarasri Khonputsa, Monnaphat Jongdeepaisal, Kulchada Pongsoipetch, Paphapisa Chotthanawathit, Ung Soviet, Christopher Pell, Jureeporn Duanguppama, Huy Rekol, Joel Tarning, Mallika Imwong, Mavuto Mukaka, Nicholas J. White, Arjen M. Dondorp, Richard J. Maude
Summary: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of malaria chemoprophylaxis among forest goers in Cambodia. The findings showed that the use of artemether-lumefantrine for malaria chemoprophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of malaria and was acceptable and well tolerated. Malaria chemoprophylaxis among high-risk groups such as forest workers could be a valuable tool for accelerating malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong subregion.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Walter R. Taylor, Peter Olupot-Olupot, Marie A. Onyamboko, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Winifred Weere, Cate Namayanja, Peter Onyas, Harriet Titin, Joy Baseke, Rita Muhindo, Daddy K. Kayembe, Pauline Ndjowo, Benjamin B. Basara, Georgette S. Bongo, Charles B. Okalebo, Grace Abongo, Sophie Uyoga, Thomas N. Williams, Chiraporn Taya, Mehul Dhorda, Joel Tarning, Arjen M. Dondorp, Naomi Waithira, Caterina Fanello, Kathryn Maitland, Mavuto Mukaka, Nicholas Day
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the safety of age-dosed, single low-dose primaquine in children from Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The study found that single low-dose primaquine treatment is safe in children infected with Plasmodium falciparum and supports the broader implementation of this treatment in Africa.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Correction
Infectious Diseases
Thomas Lamb, Michael Abouyannis, Samella Silva de Oliveira, Shenoy K. Rachana, Tulasi Geevar, Anand Zachariah, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Navin Bhatt, Mavuto Mukaka, Eli Harriss, David G. Lalloo, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Frank Smithuis, Michael Eddleston
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Phaik Kin Cheah, Mohamed Bella Jalloh, Phee-Kheng Cheah, Darlene Ongkili, Mira Leonie Schneiders, Anne Osterrieder, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Naomi Waithira, Alun Davies, Mavuto Mukaka, Phaik Yeong Cheah
Summary: This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating the experiences, coping strategies, and perspectives of people in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing insights into COVID-19-related public health measures.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Max Oberste, Nadja Schnoerch, Kija Shah-Hosseini, Teodora Asenova, Felix Dewald, Clara Lehmann, Michael Buess, Gerd Faetkenheuer, Florian Klein, Kerstin Daniela Rosenberger, Annelene Kossow, Florian Neuhann, Martin Hellmich
Summary: This study analyzed data from a large cross-sectional study conducted in Cologne, Germany in June 2021. The findings suggest that younger age and living with minor children are associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while adherence to hygiene regulations is associated with a lower risk of infection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Abi Manesh, Emily Devasagayam, Kundakarla Bhanuprasad, Lalee Varghese, Regi Kurien, Lisa M. Cherian, Divya Dayanand, Mithun M. George, Selwyn S. Kumar, Rajiv Karthik, Harshad Vanjare, Jayanthi Peter, Joy S. Michael, Meera Thomas, Binu S. Mathew, Prasanna Samuel, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Mavuto Mukaka, Vedantam Rupa, George M. Varghese
Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of short-course intravenous amphotericin B followed by sustained release posaconazole tablets for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. The results show a high treatment success rate associated with factors such as brain involvement and stroke.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
George M. Varghese, Divya Dayanand, Karthik Gunasekaran, Debasree Kundu, Mukta Wyawahare, Navneet Sharma, Dhruva Chaudhry, Sanjay K. Mahajan, Kavitha Saravu, Blessed W. Aruldhas, Binu S. Mathew, Roshini G. Nair, Nalini Newbigging, Aswathy Mathew, Kundavaram P. P. Abhilash, Manisha Biswal, Ann H. Prasad, Anand Zachariah, Ramya Iyadurai, Samuel G. Hansdak, Sowmya Sathyendra, Thambu D. Sudarsanam, John A. J. Prakash, Abi Manesh, Alladi Mohan, Joel Tarning, Stuart D. Blacksell, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Naomi Waithira, Mavuto Mukaka, Phaik Yeong Cheah, John V. Peter, Ooriapadickal C. Abraham, Nicholas P. J. Day
Summary: This multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial compared the efficacy of intravenous doxycycline, azithromycin, or a combination of both for the treatment of severe scrub typhus. The results showed that combination therapy was more effective in reducing the occurrence of the primary outcome compared to monotherapy.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Naomi Waithira, Evelyne Kestelyn, Keitcheya Chotthanawathit, Anne Osterrieder, Mavuto Mukaka, Trudie Lang, Phaik Yeong Cheah
Summary: The study aims to examine the utilization of shared clinical research data sets and its effects on scientific research and public health outcomes. It also seeks to identify factors that hinder or facilitate the ethical and efficient use of existing data based on the perspectives of data users. The study will use a mixed methods design, including a survey and in-depth interviews, and the results will provide crucial understanding for guiding future endeavors to enhance the utilization of shared data.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Mavuto Mukaka, Abi Manesh, George M. Varghese
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Rebecca Horst, Lea-Mara Witsch, Rayford Hazunga, Natasha Namuziya, Gardner Syakantu, Yusuf Ahmed, Omar Cherkaoui, Petros Andreadis, Florian Neuhann, Sandra Barteit
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using virtual patients as a teaching tool on a Zambian higher education e-learning platform. The results showed that virtual patients could increase students' knowledge and were well accepted by them. These findings suggest that virtual patients have the potential to be used in medical education.
JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angelika Warmbein, Claudia Beiersmann, Andrea Eulgem, Jaqueline Demir, Florian Neuhann
Summary: Since 2015, Germany has faced major challenges in providing healthcare for refugees, leading to the development of ad-hoc structures in Cologne to address these challenges. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study examines the challenges in healthcare provision for refugees in Cologne using qualitative interviews and descriptive analysis of a database. The findings highlight challenges in approval of healthcare services, communication and cooperation, undersupplies in mental health and addictive disorder care, and improper housing conditions. Analyzing these challenges can drive necessary changes to improve local health services for refugees.
JOURNAL OF MIGRATION AND HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Priyam Saikia
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sandra Barteit, Jelena Schmidt, Mwanja Kakusa, Gardner Syakantu, Aubrey Shanzi, Yusuf Ahmed, Gregory Malunga, Klaus Blass, Jessica Nieder, Petros Andreadis, Florian Neuhann
Summary: This study implemented an e-logbook for Medical Licentiate students in Zambia, showing acceptance among students and mentors as a tool for monitoring skills development. However, challenges such as usability issues due to design and software-induced terminology, as well as time commitment and complexity, limited the e-logbook's potential in this decentralized training setting.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)