Article
Clinical Neurology
Marlene Tahedl, Rangariroyashe H. Chipika, Jasmin Lope, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
Summary: This study demonstrates a strategy to track progressive cortical involvement in single ALS patients using subject-specific reference cohorts. The approach successfully corrects for demographic factors and captures relevant cortical changes associated with clinical disability. It offers a framework to interpret single T1-weighted images in ALS and track cortical propagation patterns at both individual subject and cohort levels.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Chiara Nicolini, Margaret Fahnestock, Martin J. Gibala, Aimee J. Nelson
Summary: Exercise is a promising and cost-effective intervention for successful aging and neurorehabilitation by reducing atrophy within the motor system and inducing neuroplasticity. Understanding the neurophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced brain changes is crucial for developing more effective, personalized exercise protocols.
Article
Biology
Alberto Sanchez-Bonaste, Luis F. S. Merchante, Carlos Gonzalez-Bravo, Alberto Carnicero
Summary: This article proposes a mechanism that can measure the thickness of the entire bone surface and align and orient all the images to reduce human intervention. With classical morphological and deep learning segmentation, the algorithm is able to measure the cortical thickness accurately. The experimental results show that the algorithm provides thickness values with an average difference of 0.25 millimeters and a standard deviation of 0.2 compared to measurements done by a radiologist.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew K. Defenderfer, Pinar Demirayak, Leland L. Fleming, Dawn K. DeCarlo, Paul Stewart, Kristina M. Visscher
Summary: Late-stage macular degeneration often impairs central vision, causing individuals to rely on peripheral vision. Patients with macular degeneration develop a preferred retinal locus to compensate for the loss of central vision. This study found that the thickness of the cortex associated with the preferred retinal locus was thinner in patients with macular degeneration compared to controls. However, there were no significant differences in cortical thickness, neurite density, or orientation dispersion between the preferred retinal locus and control regions.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Thanuja Dharmadasa
Summary: ALS is characterized by clinical heterogeneity, with a wide range of motor presentations and trajectories. Corticomotoneuronal dysfunction is increasingly seen as a precursor to clinical disease. Understanding phenotypic variability in relation to cortical dysfunction is crucial for unraveling disease mechanisms in ALS.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jashelle Caga, Sicong Tu, Thanuja Dharmadasa, Nga Y. Tse, Margaret C. Zoing, William Huynh, Colin Mahoney, Rebekah M. Ahmed, Matthew C. Kiernan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and neural correlates of initiation and emotional subtypes of apathy in ALS patients. It found that initiation and emotional apathy significantly affect patient and caregiver quality of life. Neuroanatomically, reduced grey matter in specific brain regions was correlated with increased initiation and emotional apathy in ALS patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Doeschka A. Ferro, Hugo J. Kuijf, Saima Hilal, Susanne J. van Veluw, Danielle van Veldhuizen, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Boon Yeow Tan, Geert Jan Biessels, Christopher Chen
Summary: This study found cortical atrophy surrounding CMIs, suggesting a perilesional effect in a cortical area many times larger than the CMI core. Our findings support the notion that CMIs affect brain structure beyond the actual lesion site.
Article
Neurosciences
Steve Vucic, Nathan Pavey, Mouna Haidar, Bradley J. Turner, Matthew C. Kiernan
Summary: Cortical hyperexcitability is an early and intrinsic feature of ALS, associated with motor neuron degeneration. TMS is a non-invasive tool that can diagnose ALS accurately in early stages.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Beiping Jiang, Wei Hong, Fangxi Xie, Yan Su, Yu Liu, Shuang Feng
Summary: SICI combined combustion mode can solve the problems in HCCI combustion and achieve stable combustion under appropriate conditions. With the changes in wall temperature and ignition timing, the characteristics and emissions of SICI combustion also vary accordingly.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna-Lisa Schuler, Giulio Ferrazzi, Nigel Colenbier, Giorgio Arcara, Francesco Piccione, Florinda Ferreri, Daniele Marinazzo, Giovanni Pellegrino
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between cortical thickness and gamma synchrony in the brain. The results show a significant positive correlation between cortical thickness and gamma synchrony, indicating the involvement of underlying cell density in gamma circuitries. The findings contribute to the understanding of cortical functional and structural properties.
Article
Neurosciences
Marvin Petersen, Felix L. Naegele, Carola Mayer, Maximilian Schell, D. Leander Rimmele, Elina Petersen, Simone Kuehn, Juergen Gallinat, Uta Hanning, Jens Fiehler, Raphael Twerenbold, Christian Gerloff, Goetz Thomalla, Bastian Cheng
Summary: The study identified a pattern of age-related cortical thickness differences, particularly with pronounced age effects in sensorimotor areas, showing strong correlations with connectivity profiles of functional and structural brain networks. Additionally, the identified difference pattern significantly covaried with cognitive and motor performance.
Article
Neuroimaging
Anna Nigri, Manera Umberto, Mario Stanziano, Stefania Ferraro, Davide Fedeli, Jean Paul Medina Carrion, Sara Palermo, Laura Lequio, Federica Denegri, Federica Agosta, Massimo Filippi, Maria Consuelo Valentini, Antonio Canosa, Andrea Calvo, Adriano Chio, Maria Grazia Bruzzone, Cristina Moglia
Summary: C9orf72 mutation carriers with different neurological phenotypes show cortical and subcortical atrophy in multiple brain regions, even in pre-symptomatic phases. This study found disease-specific patterns of thalamo-cortico-striatal atrophy and functional alterations in ALS patients with C9orf72 mutation. Importance rating: 8/10.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ana E. Sheehan, Emily Heilner, Nadia Bounoua, Rickie Miglin, Jeffrey M. Spielberg, Naomi Sadeh
Summary: This study investigates the association between perseverative thinking (PT) and suicidal ideation, as well as their biological underpinnings. The findings suggest that PT is associated with variations in cortical thickness, with increased thickness in the left parietal region partially explaining the link between PT and suicidal ideation.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nikhil Bhagwat, Amadou Barry, Erin W. Dickie, Shawn T. Brown, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Koji Hatano, Elizabeth DuPre, Alain Dagher, Mallar Chakravarty, Celia M. T. Greenwood, Bratislav Misic, David N. Kennedy, Jean-Baptiste Poline
Summary: The study highlighted the impact of pipeline selection on cortical thickness measures using an open structural MRI dataset (ABIDE). Results showed that software, parcellation, and quality control significantly affect task-driven neurobiological inference.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tereza Filipi, Zuzana Matusova, Pavel Abaffy, Ondrej Vanatko, Jana Tureckova, Sarka Benesova, Monika Kubiskova, Denisa Kirdajova, Jakub Zahumensky, Lukas Valihrach, Miroslava Anderova
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the disease-related activity of glia in the cortex of SOD1(G93A) mice using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry techniques. The results show minimal changes in glia throughout disease progression and regardless of sex. However, there were subtle disease-related transcriptional alterations in microglia and oligodendrocytes at the end-stage, supported by immunohistochemistry. Therefore, it is recommended to use a different model for future studies of the cortical ALS pathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Hannah C. Timmins, David Mizrahi, Tiffany Li, Matthew C. Kiernan, David Goldstein, Susanna B. Park
Summary: Metabolic syndrome and associated conditions have been identified as potential risk factors for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN). Obesity and low physical activity may contribute to the development of CIPN. Further research is needed to explore CIPN risk factors and determine if lifestyle changes can improve long-term outcomes for cancer survivors.
JOURNAL OF CANCER SURVIVORSHIP
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Nicholas J. Murphy, Laura E. Diamond, Kim L. Bennell, Alexander Burns, Edward Dickenson, Jillian Eyles, Camdon Fary, Stuart M. Grieve, Damian R. Griffin, Young Jo Kim, James M. Linklater, David G. Lloyd, Robert Molnar, Rachel L. O'Connell, John O'Donnell, Sunny Randhawa, Parminder J. Singh, Libby Spiers, Phong Tran, Tim Wrigley, David J. Hunter
Summary: The age of symptom onset in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is mainly predicted by the measurement of femoral and acetabular morphology, while symptom severity is predominantly determined by patient factors. The measured factors explained only a small amount of variance in the data, suggesting that there may be other unmeasured factors that have a greater influence on the condition.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Arthur Montalto, Haeme R. P. Park, Leanne M. Williams, Mayuresh S. Korgaonkar, Miranda R. Chilver, Javad Jamshidi, Peter R. Schofield, Justine M. Gatt
Summary: The study found that greater resilience to trauma is associated with less activation of the anterior insula during a condition requiring sustained attention. This possibly suggests a pattern of 'neural efficiency' in people who may be more resilient to trauma.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Mansur A. Kutlubaev, Jashelle Caga, Ying Xu, Daria K. Areprintseva, Ekaterina Pervushina, Matthew C. Kiernan
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency and correlates of apathy in ALS and its impact on the disease prognosis. The findings suggest that the emergence of apathy is associated with cognitive decline and bulbar onset of the disease. Additionally, ALS patients with apathy showed more prominent changes in structural and functional brain imaging. Apathy worsened the long-term prognosis of ALS.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew Hannaford, Karen Byth, Nathan Pavey, Robert D. Henderson, Susan Mathers, Merrilee Needham, David Schultz, Parvathi Menon, Matthew C. Kiernan, Steve Vucic
Summary: This study aimed to assess the utility of clinical biomarkers, such as Delta FS and BMI, and neurophysiological measures, such as SI and NPI, in monitoring disease progression in ALS patients. The results showed that Delta FS and BMI were predictive of disease severity and progression, while SI and NPI were associated with disease severity. The implementation of these biomarkers could assist in patient management and stratification into clinical trials.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kate Sutherland, Garett Smith, Aimee B. Lowth, Nina Sarkissian, Steven Liebman, Stuart M. Grieve, Peter A. Cistulli
Summary: This study investigated the effects of significant weight loss on the upper airway and surrounding soft tissues in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The results showed an increase in velopharyngeal volume, a reduction in tongue volume, and a decrease in intra-tissue fat in multiple upper airway soft tissues following weight loss. These findings suggest that weight loss may have positive effects on OSA by reducing fat around and within the airway tissues.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Nicholas J. Murphy, Jillian Eyles, Libby Spiers, Emily Davidson, Young Jo Kim, James M. Linklater, Kim L. Bennell, Damian R. Griffin, Gillian Heller, John O'Donnell, Stephan Reichenbach, David J. Hunter
Summary: This study explored potential moderators, mediators, and prognostic indicators of the effect of hip arthroscopy and physical therapy on the change in iHOT-33 score for FAI syndrome. The results showed that no important factors were identified that affect the change in iHOT-33 score.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew Silsby, Alessandro F. Fois, Con Yiannikas, Karl Ng, Matthew C. Kiernan, Victor S. C. Fung, Steve Vucic
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate tremor in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and test the hypothesis that tremor occurs due to mistimed peripheral inputs affecting central motor processing, as established in other demyelinating neuropathies. Additionally, the tremor stability index (TSI) was calculated to assess the variability of CIDP-related tremor compared to other tremor disorders.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo Martinez-Valdes, Roger M. Enoka, Ales Holobar, Kevin McGill, Dario Farina, Manuela Besomi, Francois Hug, Deborah Falla, Richard G. Carson, Edward A. Clancy, Catherine Disselhorst-Klug, Jaap H. van Dieen, Kylie Tucker, Simon Gandevia, Madeleine Lowery, Karen Sogaard, Thor Besier, Roberto Merletti, Matthew C. Kiernan, John C. Rothwell, Eric Perreault, Paul W. Hodges
Summary: The analysis of single motor unit (SMU) activity is crucial for understanding the neural strategies controlling muscle force. Traditionally, this analysis has been done invasively through intramuscular electromyography (EMG), but recent advances in signal processing techniques have enabled the identification of SMU activity in high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) recordings.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Matthew C. C. Kiernan, Susanna B. B. Park
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yue Yang, Dominic Rowe, Heather McCann, Claire E. Shepherd, Jillian J. Kril, Matthew C. Kiernan, Glenda M. Halliday, Rachel H. Tan
Summary: This study compared the pathology of ALS patients who received CuATSM and riluzole with those who only received riluzole, and found no significant difference in neuron density or TDP-43 burden. However, CuATSM treatment led to the presence of p62-immunoreactive astrocytes in the motor cortex and reduced Iba1 density in the spinal cord. There was no significant difference in astrocytic activity and SOD1 immunoreactivity with CuATSM treatment.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nathan Pavey, Parvathi Menon, Mehdi A. J. van den Bos, Matthew C. Kiernan, Steve Vucic
Summary: A complex interaction of inhibitory and facilitatory interneuronal processes may underlie the development of cortical excitability. The study utilized threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess cortical excitability with different coil orientations. Significant effects of coil orientation were observed on short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and facilitation (SICF). The results suggest that distinct interneuronal processes are recruited with variable cortical orientation and thresholds.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael P. Gray, Yemima Berman, Giordano Botta, Stuart M. Grieve, Amy Ho, Jessica Hu, Karice Hyun, Jodie Ingles, Garry Jennings, Gary Kilov, Jean-Frederic Levesque, Peter Meikle, Julie Redfern, Tim Usherwood, Stephen T. Vernon, Stephen J. Nicholls, Gemma A. Figtree, P. P. P. C. A. D. Collaborators N. S. W. PPP CAD Collaborators NSW
Summary: This study aims to use a novel clinical pathway incorporating a coronary artery disease (CAD) polygenic risk score (PRS) to identify individuals with subclinical CAD and triage low or moderate risk individuals for noninvasive coronary imaging, in order to improve risk prediction and treatment decisions. The study will evaluate the ability of the PRS to identify subclinical CAD and examine its impact on risk factor management, pharmacotherapy utilization, and participant experience.
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nathan Pavey, Andrew Hannaford, Mana Higashihara, Mehdi van den Bos, Matthew C. Kiernan, Parvathi Menon, Steve Vucic
Summary: The split hand index (SI) derived by different methods showed potential as a diagnostic biomarker in ALS, with SICMAP amp and SIMScanFit-MUNE demonstrating greater utility in distinguishing ALS from mimic disorders.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matthew Silsby, Con Yiannikas, Alessandro F. Fois, Marina L. Kennerson, Matthew C. Kiernan, Victor S. C. Fung, Steve Vucic
Summary: Neuropathic tremor is a common clinical feature in CMT1A, with distinct characteristics compared to essential tremor. Upper limb tremors were postural and kinetic, while lower limb tremors were postural and orthostatic. The frequency of upper limb tremors varied along the limb, with a lower frequency distally and a higher frequency proximally. Lower limb tremors had a consistent frequency and were unaffected by fatigue. Postural lower limb tremor was associated with imbalance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
