Review
Immunology
Grace R. Pidwill, Josie F. Gibson, Joby Cole, Stephen A. Renshaw, Simon J. Foster
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus, a member of human commensal microflora, can cause serious diseases by circumventing the innate immune system and establishing infections. Professional phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils play key roles in containing and resolving S. aureus infections, while the bacteria have evolved multiple strategies to survive, manipulate, and escape from macrophages. Understanding the interactions between macrophages and S. aureus may be beneficial for future therapeutic developments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ayano Fukui, Yuhei Maruzuru, Shiho Ohno, Moeka Nobe, Shuji Iwata, Kosuke Takeshima, Naoto Koyanagi, Akihisa Kato, Shinobu Kitazume, Yoshiki Yamaguchi, Yasushi Kawaguchi
Summary: The N-glycan shield on the envelope glycoprotein B of HSV-1 plays a crucial role in evading human antibodies, both in cell cultures and mice. This finding has significant implications for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing vaccines.
Article
Mathematics
Noura H. Alshamrani, Reham H. Halawani, Wafa Shammakh, Ahmed M. Elaiw
Summary: This paper presents and analyzes two mathematical models for the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection with Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte cell (CTL) immune impairment. The models describe the interactions between different cells and particles involved in HIV-1 infection. The analysis reveals the impact of immune impairment, time delay, and cell-to-cell transmission on HIV-1 dynamics.
Article
Oncology
Hongyu Zhang, Zilong Liu, Haoyu Wen, Yifan Guo, Fengkai Xu, Qiaoliang Zhu, Wei Yuan, Rongkui Luo, Chunlai Lu, Ronghua Liu, Jie Gu, Di Ge
Summary: This study reveals the presence of a TAM subtype associated with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically, the TREM2 positive TAMs. NSCLC patients with high infiltration of TREM2(+) TAMs show advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis, as well as unique molecular characteristics. Low TREM2(+) TAMs predict higher response rates to PD-1-based immunotherapy.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Downie, Xinyuan Zhang, Mengliang Wu, Senuri Karunaratne, Joon Keit Loi, Kirthana Senthil, Sana Arshad, Kirstie Bertram, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Scott N. Mueller, Holly R. Chinnery
Summary: The healthy human cornea contains immune cells that are commonly presumed to be dendritic cells, but the researchers found that many of these immune cells are actually lymphocytes. These corneal immune cells exhibit rapid, persistent motility and interact with other cells. The behavior of these immune cells can be altered in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can be modulated by therapeutic intervention.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kelsey A. Pilewski, Steven Wall, Simone I. Richardson, Nelia P. Manamela, Kaitlyn Clark, Tandile Hermanus, Elad Binshtein, Rohit Venkat, Giuseppe A. Sautto, Kevin J. Kramer, Andrea R. Shiakolas, Ian Setliff, Jordan Salas, Rutendo E. Mapengo, Naveen Suryadevara, John R. Brannon, Connor J. Beebout, Rob Parks, Nagarajan Raju, Nicole Frumento, Lauren M. Walker, Emilee Friedman Fechter, Juliana S. Qin, Amyn A. Murji, Katarzyna Janowska, Bhishem Thakur, Jared Lindenberger, Aaron J. May, Xiao Huang, Salam Sammour, Priyamvada Acharya, Robert H. Carnahan, Ted M. Ross, Barton F. Haynes, Maria Hadjifrangiskou, James E. Crowe Jr, Justin R. Bailey, Spyros Kalams, Lynn Morris, Ivelin S. Georgiev
Summary: In a study of a chronically HIV-1/HCV co-infected individual, researchers identified five cross-reactive antibodies that show exceptional neutralization breadth and effector functions against both HIV-1 and HCV. One antibody also cross-reacts with influenza and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The development of these antibodies is closely related to somatic hypermutation, providing potential directions for therapeutic and vaccine development against current and emerging infectious diseases. Chronic co-infection represents a complex immunological challenge that can provide insights into the fundamental rules of antibody-antigen specificity.
Article
Biology
Enric Gutierrez-Martinez, Susana Benet Garrabe, Nicolas Mateos, Itziar Erkizia, Jon Ander Nieto-Garai, Maier Lorizate, Kyra J. E. Borgman, Carlo Manzo, Felix Campelo, Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Javier Martinez-Picado, Maria F. Garcia-Parajo
Summary: The immunoglobulin-like lectin receptor CD169 (Siglec-1) on activated dendritic cells (DCs) mediates the capture of HIV-1 through binding to sialylated ligands. Activation of DCs leads to basal nanoclustering of Siglec-1, which enhances the receptor's avidity to gangliosides carrying sialic ligands. This facilitates the accumulation of viral particles in a single compartment.
Article
Microbiology
Mingyu Han, Vincent Cantaloube-Ferrieu, Maorong Xie, Marie Armani-Tourret, Marie R. Woottum, Jean-Christophe Pages, Philippe R. Colin, Bernard Lagane, Serge R. Benichou
Summary: The study shows that HIV-1 can effectively infect macrophages through cell-to-cell transfer, even with virus isolates initially defined as non-macrophage tropic in cell-free infection. This intercellular viral transfer is facilitated by enhanced interactions between the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and cellular entry receptors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine Vazquez, Kellie A. Jurado
Summary: This review outlines the immune regulatory mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) and the strategies viruses use to bypass the blood-brain barrier. Future questions in this rapidly expanding field are also discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shumei Wang, Li Zhao, Xiaowei Zhang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Shang, Guoxin Liang
Summary: This study reveals that neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is highly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) but not CD4(+) T cells. NRP-1 functions as an antiviral protein, inhibiting the infectivity of HIV-1 by reducing the ability of the virions to attach to target cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah, Kei Miyakawa, Satoko Matsunaga, Mayuko Nishi, Ayumi Kudoh, Akinori Takaoka, Tatsuya Sawasaki, Akihide Ryo
Summary: This study revealed that HIV-1 suppresses IFN-I activity through cleaving TBK1, and this suppression can be counteracted by protease inhibitors. Additionally, mutations in HIV-1 PR that confer drug resistance decrease the enzyme's ability to cleave TBK1.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Gui Qian, Yihua Zhang, Yinan Liu, Manman Li, Bowen Xin, Wenyi Jiang, Wendong Han, Yu Wang, Xian Tang, Liuyan Li, Lingyan Zhu, Tao Sun, Bo Yan, Yongtang Zheng, Jianqing Xu, Baoxue Ge, Zheng Zhang, Dapeng Yan
Summary: Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes Y-form cDNA of HIV-1 and initiates antiviral immune response, but the p6 protein of HIV-1 suppresses IFN-I expression and promotes immune evasion. Glutamylated p6 inhibits STING interaction with TRIM32 or AMFR, suppressing STING activation by inhibiting K27 and K63 polyubiquitination at K337. CoCl2, a CCP agonist, counteracts p6 glutamylation and inhibits HIV-1 immune evasion.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Tingting Lan, Jie Chen, Jiayu Zhang, Fangjun Huo, Xue Han, Zhijun Zhang, Yuchan Xu, Yibing Huang, Li Liao, Li Xie, Weidong Tian, Weihua Guo
Summary: The study demonstrates a robust strategy to load rosiglitazone (RSG) onto naturally sponge-like porous xenogenic extracellular matrix (xECM) scaffolds, activating peroxisome proliferators receptors-gamma (PPAR-gamma) to create an immunosuppressive environment for tissue reconstruction. This results in downregulation of proinflammatory macrophages and suppression of NF-kappa B expression, facilitating the regeneration of enthesis anchoring between the transplanted xenograft and host. The PPAR-gamma-NF-kappa B axis activated by the xECM-RSG complex can lead to conversion towards M2 macrophages with modest immunosuppressive capacity, promoting xECM-based tissue or organ regeneration.
Article
Microbiology
Ana Borrajo, Valentina Svicher, Romina Salpini, Michele Pellegrino, Stefano Aquaro
Summary: Chronic infection of HIV-1 leads to serious CD4+ T cell immunodeficiency and neurocognitive disorders in the central nervous system, contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality globally. Despite advancements in treatment, there is still incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis and role of inflammation in neurodegenerative difficulties.
Article
Immunology
Joseph M. Rocco, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Adam Rupert, Jeanette Higgins, Ornella Sortino, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Virginia Sheikh, Gregg Roby, Safia Kuriakose, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Irini Sereti
Summary: Severe mycobacterial IRIS in HIV can cause secondary HLH driven by pathologic IFN gamma production and T-cell activation, leading to worse outcomes. Increased ferritin, anemia, CXCL9, and sCD25 associate with this phenotype and may be used for risk stratification and treatment optimization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)