Article
Microbiology
Julien Mortier, Elisa Gayan, Ronald Van Eyken, Oscar Enrique Torres Montaguth, Ladan Khodaparast, Laleh Khodaparast, Bert Houben, Sebastien Carpentier, Frederic Rousseau, Joost Schymkowitz, Abram Aertsen
Summary: This study reveals that even erosive mutations with disruptive effects on protein structure and functionality can still yield true gain-of-function alleles with a selective advantage in adaptive evolution, demonstrating the mechanism through which E. coli can preemptively trigger HSP expression via TnaA variants to enhance heat resistance.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jing Xu, Suming Dai, Xue Wang, Alessandra Gentile, Zhuo Zhang, Qingxiang Xie, Yajun Su, Dazhi Li, Bing Wang
Summary: Through studying the ADF gene family in sweet orange, seven CsADFs were identified and found to have potential impact on the development of sweet oranges under biotic or abiotic stress. Among them, CsADF4 was significantly up-regulated at 4 days post-infection and localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of CsADF4 enhanced the sensitivity of sweet orange leaves to pathogens.
Article
Microbiology
Aoyun Li, Bingxian Liu, Feiran Li, Yuanyuan He, Lei Wang, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar, Huade Li, Yuhang Fu, Huaisen Zhu, Yaping Wang, Xiong Jiang
Summary: This study found that the gut bacterial community remains relatively stable in diarrheic giraffes, but the gut fungal community shows significant changes between healthy and diarrheic states. Diarrhea causes significant alterations in gut microbial composition, with more pronounced changes observed in the gut bacterial community.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Cornelius A. Omatola, Ademola O. Olaniran
Summary: Rotaviruses have been the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The introduction of oral rotavirus vaccines has significantly reduced the global burden of the disease, although challenges remain in achieving global effectiveness. This article provides detailed insights into rotavirus biology, transmission pathways, pathogenesis, immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination, as well as reviews recent developments on factors affecting vaccine performance and nonvaccine strategies for disease prevention and management.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Terrin, Giulia Migliorisi, Arianna Dal Buono, Roberto Gabbiadini, Elisabetta Mastrorocco, Alessandro Quadarella, Alessandro Repici, Armando Santoro, Alessandro Armuzzi
Summary: The introduction of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has significantly changed the therapeutic algorithms for solid tumors. ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events, with the gastrointestinal tract being commonly affected by varying levels of mucosal inflammation. The pathogenesis of checkpoint inhibitors colitis (CIC) is multifactorial and not fully understood, involving both anti-tumor activity and upregulation of specific inflammatory pathways. Treatment options for CIC, including biological therapy such as anti-TNF alpha, need to be further explored and prompt recognition and treatment are crucial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Nora E. Rahmani, Nandini Ramachandra, Srabani Sahu, Nadege Gitego, Andrea Lopez, Kith Pradhan, Tushar D. Bhagat, Shanisha Gordon-Mitchell, Bianca Rivera Pena, Mohammad Kazemi, Keshav Rao, Orsi Giricz, Shahina Bano Maqbool, Raul Olea, Yongmei Zhao, Jinghang Zhang, Hamid Dolatshad, Vickram Tittrea, Dharamveer Tatwavedi, Shalini Singh, Juseong Lee, Tianyu Sun, Ulrich Steidl, Aditi Shastri, Daichi Inoue, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Andrea Pellagatti, Evripidis Gavathiotis, Jacqueline Boultwood, Amit Verma
Summary: The study suggests that leukemia cells with ASXL1 mutations are more sensitive to Venetoclax and Azacytidine, possibly due to the upregulation of BCL2 expression and DNA methylation changes caused by ASXL1 mutations. These results reveal the potential effectiveness of these therapeutic drugs for leukemia patients.
BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Spencer Cesar, Lisa Willis, Kerwyn Casey Huang
Summary: Regrowth of bacteria from prolonged stationary phase is heterogeneous, with some cells rejuvenating immediately while others experience delayed or no regrowth at all. Delayed regrowth is associated with the dissolution of damaged protein aggregates, and a deep learning algorithm can distinguish cellular fates based on single images.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fedor Bezrukov, Julien Prados, Adriana Renzoni, Olesya O. Panasenko
Summary: Antibiotic resistance may be caused by bacterial dormancy. This study found that the Staphylococcus aureus endoribonuclease toxin MazF can impact cell physiology in multiple ways, suggesting new targets for antibacterial drugs.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayashree Das, Arshiya Dewan, Somnath Shee, Amit Singh
Summary: Living cells have developed a relay system to efficiently transfer sulfur from cysteine to various thio-cofactors, with multiple protein components regulating the flux of sulfur to prevent toxic accumulation. The first enzyme in this system, cysteine desulfurase (CSD), catalyzes the release of sulfane S from cysteine and transfers it to acceptor proteins for incorporation into thio-cofactors. CSD plays a role in bacterial core metabolic processes and is a potential target for therapy in human pathogens.
Review
Polymer Science
Sreejita Ghosh, Dibyajit Lahiri, Moupriya Nag, Ankita Dey, Tanmay Sarkar, Sushil Kumar Pathak, Hisham Atan Edinur, Siddhartha Pati, Rina Rani Ray
Summary: Bacteria are major cell factories that can convert nitrogen and carbon sources into various biopolymers, with important medicinal applications and roles in pathogenicity.
Review
Immunology
Elyza A. Do, Casey M. Gries
Summary: Potassium is essential for the survival and function of both host and pathogenic bacteria during infection, playing a critical role in nutrient uptake, virulence gene expression, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Shalini Shah, Rachel A. F. Wozniak
Summary: Bacterial keratitis is a leading cause of vision loss globally. Immediate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is crucial to adequately treat this aggressive disease, but antibiotic resistance is increasingly limiting the effectiveness of conventional therapies. This review discusses the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two common causes of bacterial keratitis, and explores novel therapies under development.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
M. Witkowski, M. Duliban, A. Rak, M. Profaska-Szymik, A. Gurgul, Z. J. Arent, A. Galuszka, M. Kotula-Balak
Summary: This study investigates the genetic mechanisms underlying endometrosis in mares using Next Generation Sequencing. The analysis reveals differential expression of certain transcripts related to metabolism and immune response in tissues with endometrosis, potentially influencing fertility and pregnancy. Some of the identified genes may also be implicated in tumorigenesis of endometrial lesions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qiulin Xiao, Bo Chen, Zhenya Zhu, Ting Yang, Enfu Tao, Chenmin Hu, Wei Zheng, Weihong Tang, Xiaoli Shu, Mizu Jiang
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between fecal microbiota and acute diarrhea in children, specifically with rotavirus infection. It was found that children with acute diarrhea exhibited dysbiosis in their gut microbiota, with lower microbial diversity and richness compared to the control group. The composition of the microbiota also differed between the acute diarrhea group and the control group.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Joshua S. MacCready, Anthony G. Vecchiarelli
Summary: Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) play critical roles in bacterial metabolism, yet little is known about their homeostasis. This review focuses on the positioning system of the carbon-fixing carboxysome and the potential role of liquid-liquid phase separation in BMC homeostasis, outlining future research directions in BMC organization mechanisms.