Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Rosaria Ferrara, Leonardo Iovino, Magda Di Renzo, Pasquale Ricci
Summary: A baby's first year is crucial, and early screening and intervention are important for identifying developmental anomalies, especially in families with genetic vulnerabilities. Such interventions not only impact the individuals and families involved, but also have significant effects on public finance. It is therefore essential to establish specific professional procedures for psychologists, pediatricians, and neuropsychologists specialized in interventions during the first year of life.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
James Read, Emily Qureshi-Hurst
Summary: Special relativity is often seen as supporting a tenseless view of time, denying the existence of tensed facts and objective temporal passage. However, introducing tensed facts into relativity still poses some difficulties, and the fate of objective tense in relativity is argued to be the same as in classical philosophical discussions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wan Shu, QunFang Miao, JieHui Feng, GuanMian Liang, Jing Zhang, Jinsheng Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to explore the attitude of heart transplant recipients towards death and their inner real experience, in order to provide information for the development of death education strategies. The results showed that heart transplant recipients have a positive attitude towards death and wish for a good death at the end of life. Their near-death experiences and positive attitudes towards death support the need for death education in China and the experiential approach to death education.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
C. Nathan DeWall
Summary: In the past 20 years, there has been significant growth in intellectual humility research. Ballantyne (2021) argues that this research is hindered by disagreements in assessment, terminology, and reconciling conflicting findings. In this commentary, it is suggested that these challenges are a common part of the research process. Using the General Aggression Model as an example, the application of intellectual humility in developing a comprehensive theory of aggression is highlighted. The author concludes by advocating for the development of a general theory of intellectual humility, urging researchers in this field to collaborate.
JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pablo Jose Gonzalez-Domenech, Francisco Diaz-Atienza, Luis Gutierrez-Rojas, Maria Luisa Fernandez-Soto, Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech
Summary: This narrative review concludes that there is insufficient scientific evidence to support a general recommendation of dietary intervention in children with ASD. Future research should focus on protocols and procedures for assessing risk and safety, as well as larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times to obtain more reliable results.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina S. Hsu, K. Paul Rezai-Zadeh, Michael S. Tennekoon, Stephen J. Korn
Summary: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke found that obtaining a National Institutes of Health K99/R00 award, prior funding, or publications in prestigious journals were not necessary for obtaining one's first tenure-track position in neuroscience. Interviews with academic leaders highlighted other factors that were considered more important in the hiring process than funding or publishing in high-profile journals.
Letter
Engineering, Biomedical
Osman Nuri Tekinay
Summary: This article aims to answer frequently asked questions about the Covid-19 pandemic using ChatGPT and contribute to the spread of accurate information about the pandemic. The article provides general information about the ways Covid-19 is spread, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, vaccines, and pandemic management. It also provides advice on infection control, vaccination campaigns, and emergency preparedness.
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Dipak Sheth, Daniel O'Meara, Lea Sheward
Summary: This letter points out the incorrect statement made by O'Meara et al. regarding the urinary sodium level in patients with hyponatremia and emphasizes that hyponatremia is primarily a disorder of water homeostasis, not sodium balance. The urinary sodium level is related to volume status and daily sodium intake, not serum sodium level.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Dimitrios C. Ziogas, Dimitrios Mandellos, Charalampos Theocharopoulos, Panagiotis-Petros Lialios, Spyros Bouros, Paolo A. Ascierto, Helen Gogas
Summary: This study presents the first case of anti-MUSK-positive myasthenia gravis in a female patient with metastatic BRAF-mutant melanoma after long-term treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib. A systematic literature review identified 12 cancer cases with TKI-related myasthenia gravis, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel O'Meara, Lea Sheward, Sydney Hartman-Munick, Jessica Addison, Aya Abu-El-Haija
Summary: This passage describes a 17-year-old girl with a history of anxiety and anorexia nervosa who presented with a range of physical discomfort symptoms and was found to have multiple electrolyte imbalances.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yu Okai, Tomohiko Nakata, Kiyokuni Miura, Atsuko Ohno, Rie Wakako, Osamu Takahashi, Yuki Maki, Masaharu Tanaka, Yoko Sakaguchi, Yuji Ito, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Kidokoro, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Jun Natsume
Summary: This study found that some of the infants who shuffle at the bottom may be diagnosed with ASD during follow-up, indicating a higher developmental risk. Paying attention to the social and cognitive functions of shuffling infants is important for early detection and intervention.
BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Social Work
Jeane W. Anastas
Summary: This paper provides information about obtaining a doctoral degree to help clinical social workers make informed decisions. It discusses the options of obtaining a Ph.D. or DSW degree, requirements for applications, and career paths for social workers with doctoral degrees. The paper also touches upon issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in doctoral programs and offers tips for surviving and thriving in a doctoral program. Additionally, it explores new directions in doctoral education, such as online study and integrating anti-racist thinking into the curriculum and research.
CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Michael V. Lombardo, Veronica Mandelli
Summary: Autism is diagnosed based on early developmental difficulties in social-communication and restricted repetitive behaviors. However, the heterogeneity of the autism population at multiple scales calls for a rethinking of its concept and assumptions. Alongside separating individuals based on behavioral symptoms, other definitions should be allowed to explain differential treatment responses and achieve other translational end goals.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Simon M. Bury, Alex Haschek, Michael Wenzel, Jennifer R. Spoor, Darren Hedley
Summary: This study investigates the sources of information about autism for autistic individuals and finds that obtaining information from conventional sources is associated with higher internalized stigma and lower endorsement of special abilities and autism identity, while obtaining information from online blogs and social media shows the opposite pattern and provides more accurate knowledge about autism.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Camille Hours, Christophe Recasens, Jean-Marc Baleyte
Summary: According to scientific literature, a high percentage of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The significance of this dual diagnosis and its relationship to attentional impairment in ASD patients are subjects of debate in the neurobiological field.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alana J. McVey, Quinn Liu, Saashi A. Bedford, Anat Zaidman-Zait, Peter Szatmari, Isabel M. Smith, Tracy Vaillancourt, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Teresa Bennett, Eric Duku, Mayada Elsabbagh, Stelios Georgiades, Connor M. Kerns
Summary: Research on the quality of sibling relationships among autistic children is mixed. Some studies suggest poorer quality compared to children with other disabilities or who are neurotypical. Parents' perceptions of sibling relationship quality in relation to the clinical characteristics of autistic children are not well understood. This study examined the relationship between autism symptoms, behavioral difficulties, and communication abilities of autistic children, and parent-rated sibling relationship quality. The findings highlight the importance of considering clinical characteristics and multiple domains of relationship quality to better understand how parents view the relationships between autistic children and their siblings.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Danielle A. Baribeau, Simone N. Vigod, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Connor M. Kerns, Tracy Vaillancourt, Eric Duku, Isabel M. Smith, Joanne Volden, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Teresa Bennett, Mayada Elsabbagh, Anat Zaidman-Zait, Annie E. Richard, Peter Szatmari
Summary: Autistic children experience high rates of anxiety, with insistence on sameness behavior being a core feature that correlates with anxiety severity. This study examined the longitudinal relations between anxiety and insistence on sameness (IS) in autistic children and found that IS may precede the development of anxiety symptoms in the future. The associations between anxiety and IS may decrease with age.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Matthew J. Hollocks, Virginia Carter Leno, Susie Chandler, Pippa White, Isabel Yorke, Tony Charman, Andrew Pickles, Gillian Baird, Emily Simonoff
Summary: Autistic individuals have high rates of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, particularly emotional and behavioral disorders, which show significant stability from childhood to adolescence. ADHD, on the other hand, has more variability in diagnostic outcomes, with many adolescents transitioning across diagnostic thresholds.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jack Hollingdale, Emma Woodhouse, Susan Young, Gisli Gudjonsson, Tony Charman, Will Mandy
Summary: This study aimed to identify the trajectory of conduct and emotional problems in young people and their relationship with hyperactive/inattentive traits, with a focus on the moderating effect of autistic social traits. Findings showed that hyperactive/inattentive traits were associated with higher rates of conduct and emotional problems, particularly for boys with autistic social traits. Therefore, identifying and addressing hyperactive/inattentive traits and autistic social traits are crucial in addressing conduct and emotional problems in young people.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Rackeb Tesfaye, Valerie Courchesne, Pat Mirenda, Wendy Mitchell, David Nicholas, Ilina Singh, Lonnie Zwaigenbaum, Mayada Elsabbagh
Summary: The Autism Voices study used inclusive methods to gather the first-person experiences of autistic youth, revealing their experiences in various environments and highlighting the challenges they face. The study found that the experiences of autistic youth parallel those of typically developing adolescents, but are uniquely influenced by their autism. The insights shared by autistic youth can promote their involvement in their communities and contribute to their well-being and transition into adulthood.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sophie Carruthers, Natasha Mleczko, Stephanie Page, Shalini Ahuja, Ceri Ellis, Patricia Howlin, Kathy Leadbitter, Lauren Taylor, Vicky Slonims, Tony Charman
Summary: One core component of the intervention involves supporting parents to change their interaction and communication style with their child. The study interviewed 27 parents and explored their use of intervention strategies after the trial. Analysis revealed barriers and facilitators related to parents' characteristics, their context, and features of the intervention, with almost all parents reporting continued use of the strategies. Consideration of these factors can inform future studies of similar interventions.
Article
Psychiatry
Viola Hollestein, Geert Poelmans, Natalie J. Forde, Christian F. Beckmann, Christine Ecker, Caroline Mann, Tim Schaefer, Carolin Moessnang, Sarah Baumeister, Tobias Banaschewski, Thomas Bourgeron, Eva Loth, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Declan G. M. Murphy, Nicolaas A. Puts, Julian Tillmann, Tony Charman, Emily J. H. Jones, Luke Mason, Sara Ambrosino, Rosemary Holt, Sven Boelte, Jan K. Buitelaar, Jilly Naaijen
Summary: The E/I imbalance hypothesis suggests that the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. This study used innovative analysis methods to investigate the relationships between genetic variance, brain structure, and autism symptomatology. The results suggest complex relationships between E/I-related genetics and autism symptom profiles as well as brain structure alterations.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Melanie Palmer, Susie Chandler, Virginia Carter Leno, Farah Mgaieth, Isabel Yorke, Matthew Hollocks, Andrew Pickles, Vicky Slonims, Stephen Scott, Tony Charman, Emily Simonoff
Summary: This study investigates the role of pre-existing and pandemic-related factors in the mental health symptoms of autistic youth and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that more engagement and enjoyment in education and outdoor activities are associated with better mental health for both children and parents during the pandemic. Pre-existing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children are linked to more behavioral and ADHD symptoms during the pandemic, while pre-existing parental mental health problems are associated with more mental health symptoms in parents during the pandemic.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Leyan Li, Greg Pasco, Jannath Begum Ali, Mark H. Johnson, Emily J. H. Jones, Tony Charman
Summary: Infants with later autism tend to have slower language and motor development, and these two domains of development are interlinked. A study on infants with and without a family history of autism revealed that language and motor abilities are associated with emerging autistic traits, especially gross motor and receptive language skills.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siofra Heraty, Alexandra Lautarescu, David Belton, Alison Boyle, Pietro Cirrincione, Mary Doherty, Sarah Douglas, Jan Roderik Derk Plas, Katrien Van Den Bosch, Pierre Violland, Jerneja Tercon, Amber Ruigrok, Declan G. M. Murphy, Thomas Bourgeron, Christopher Chatham, Eva Loth, Bethany Oakley, Grainne M. Mcalonan, Tony Charman, Nicolaas Puts, Louise Gallagher, Emily J. H. Jones
Summary: A change in research culture is needed to improve the relationship between autistic people and the biomedical research community. Through participatory research, we can reject negative perceptions of autism and work towards a shared vision that embraces neurodiversity.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jiedi Lei, Eleanor Leigh, Tony Charman, Ailsa Russell, Matthew J. Hollocks
Summary: This study identifies a strong relationship between camouflaging and safety behaviours in social anxiety among autistic and non-autistic adolescents. The assessment and formulation of construct overlap between camouflaging and impression management can inform psychoeducation and adaptation of social anxiety treatment for autistic adolescents.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lisa M. Berg, Caroline Gurr, Johanna Leyhausen, Hanna Seelemeyer, Anke Bletsch, Tim Schaefer, Charlotte M. Pretzsch, Bethany Oakley, Eva Loth, Dorothea L. Floris, Jan K. Buitelaar, Christian F. Beckmann, Tobias Banaschewski, Tony Charman, Emily J. H. Jones, Julian Tillmann, Chris H. Chatham, Thomas Bourgeron, Jumana Ahmad, Sara Ambrosino, Bonnie Auyeung, Simon Baron-Cohen, Sarah Baumeister, Sven Boelte, Carsten Bours, Michael Brammer, Daniel Brandeis, Claudia Brogna, Yvette de Bruijn, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Ineke Cornelissen, Daisy Crawley, Flavio Dell'Acqua, Guillaume Dumas, Sarah Durston, Jessica Faulkner, Vincent Frouin, Pilar Garces, David Goyard, Lindsay Ham, Hannah Hayward, Joerg Hipp, Rosemary Holt, Mark H. Johnson, Prantik Kundu, Meng-Chuan Lai, Xavier Liogier D'Ardhuy, Michael V. Lombardo, David J. Lythgoe, Rene Mandl, Andre Marquand, Luke Mason, Maarten Mennes, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Carolin Moessnang, Nico Bast, Laurence O'Dwyer, Marianne Oldehinkel, Bob Oranje, Gahan Pandina, Antonio M. Persico, Barbara Ruggeri, Amber Ruigrok, Jessica Sabet, Roberto Sacco, Antonia San Jose Caceres, Emily Simonoff, Will Spooren, Roberto Toro, Heike Tost, Jack Waldman, Steve C. R. Williams, Caroline Wooldridge, Marcel P. Zwiers, Declan G. Murphy, Christine Ecker
Summary: This study investigates the neurobiology of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their co-occurring condition, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The findings suggest that the neuroanatomy of ASD is significantly modulated by ADHD, indicating that individuals with co-occurring ADHD may have specific neuroanatomical underpinnings potentially mediated by atypical gene expression.
Article
Psychiatry
Christina Isakoglou, Koen V. V. Haak, Thomas Wolfers, Dorothea L. L. Floris, Alberto Llera, Marianne Oldehinkel, Natalie J. J. Forde, Bethany F. M. Oakley, Julian Tillmann, Rosemary J. J. Holt, Carolin Moessnang, Eva Loth, Thomas Bourgeron, Simon Baron-Cohen, Tony Charman, Tobias Banaschewski, Declan G. M. Murphy, Jan K. K. Buitelaar, Andre F. F. Marquand, Christian F. F. Beckmann
Summary: Sensory atypicalities are common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the functioning of the somatosensory region and its association with the ASD phenotype is not well understood. In this study, we examined the functional connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in autistic and neurotypical individuals. We found that the S1 connectopy is organized along a dorsoventral axis and is associated with adaptive functioning skills. Furthermore, the S1 connectopy showed differences between rest and emotion processing, indicating a task-modulating effect.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Melanie Palmer, Zhaonan Fang, Matthew J. Hollocks, Tony Charman, Andrew Pickles, Gillian Baird, Emily Simonoff
Summary: ADHD questionnaires may not be accurate in screening symptoms in young adults with autism, leading to under-diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
