Article
Environmental Sciences
Hao Huang, Jinjie Zhang, Hui Hu, Shaofei Kong, Shihua Qi, Xiaoyong Liu
Summary: Vehicle emission is a significant contributor to urban air pollution, especially with the increasing number of motor vehicles. This study conducted on-road tests in Wuhan using a Portable Emission Monitoring System (PEMS) to examine the emissions of PM2.5 and associated chemical components from ten typical vehicles. The results showed variations in the emission factors of PM2.5 among different vehicle types, with gasoline vehicles emitting an average of 1.266 mg/km and diesel vehicles emitting 16.589 mg/km. The study also found a correlation between emission factors and vehicle emission standards, as well as vehicle speeds. Understanding the characteristics of PM2.5 emissions can help improve air quality in Wuhan.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junhong Park, Myunghwan Shin, Jongchul Lee, Jongtae Lee
Summary: The South Korean government has tightened emission regulations for newly manufactured vehicles to reduce air pollution. Research shows that the on-road NOx emissions of some diesel vehicles exceed regulatory limits, and emissions vary significantly based on driving parameters.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xing-hang Zhu, Hong-di He, Kai-fa Lu, Zhong-ren Peng, H. Oliver Gao
Summary: This study used the PEMS to reveal real-world emissions from two light-duty gasoline vehicles, and found that engine load and engine speed are the most dominant factors affecting vehicular carbon emissions under both China V and China VI standards. Additionally, the study showed that carbon emissions were significantly higher in urban areas compared to suburban areas.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiangrui Meng, Kaili Pang, Baofeng Di, Wei Li, Yongdong Wang, Ji Zhang, Yi Xu
Summary: This study aimed to develop and verify a road grade measurement framework based on an electronic pressure sensor. The method involves collecting atmospheric pressure using electronic sensors, determining the pressure-altitude relationship based on meteorological station data, filtering altitude data through Fourier transform, and calculating grades using onboard diagnostics distance. Road grades and vehicle specific power calculated based on atmospheric pressure were found to be reliable and accurate, which improved the accuracy of vehicle emission rates calculation.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fredy Rosero, Natalia Fonseca, Jose-Maria Lopez, Jesus Casanova
Summary: This study investigated the effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on the fuel consumption and emissions from CNG and diesel urban buses. Results showed that as road grade and congestion level increased, CO2 emissions and fuel consumption for both types of buses also increased, while NOx emissions for CNG buses decreased. The VSP-based model developed in the study estimated fuel consumption and emission factors with relative total errors of less than 13%.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zheming Tong, Yue Li, Qijie Lin, Hui Wang, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu, Max K. Zhang
Summary: The study developed a new on-board measurement system to investigate the uncertainties of on-road emission factors measured by the plume-chasing method, and found that the differences in EF estimations between plume-chasing and PEMS measurements decreased with increasing chasing speed. It also observed an overprediction of chasing-based EFs in strong crosswinds due to convective plume mixing from surrounding vehicular sources.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Barouch Giechaskiel, Simone Casadei, Tommaso Rossi, Fabrizio Forloni, Andrea Di Domenico
Summary: The study compared the accuracy of PEMS and laboratory grade equipment in testing vehicle emissions, finding that PEMS performed equally well under controlled laboratory conditions with no significant bias observed.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feng Zheng, Hefeng Zhang, Hang Yin, Mingliang Fu, Han Jiang, Jiaqiang Li, Yan Ding
Summary: By testing the emissions of heavy-duty vehicles with different fuel types in real road conditions, it was found that the emission reduction rates were affected by factors such as driving behaviors and emission control strategies, and NOx emission factors also varied significantly with different road types and velocity intervals.
Article
Environmental Studies
Srinath Mahesh, Aonghus McNabola, William Smith, David Timoney, Ali Ekhtiari, Ben Fowler, Paul Willis, Rebecca Rose, Jasmine Wareham, Hannah Walker, Bidisha Ghosh
Summary: Emissions from real-world driving often exceed estimated levels based on Euro emissions standards and tests. This study presents real-world emission factors for vehicles in Dublin city, highlighting the significant improvements in Euro 6 vehicles compared to older ones. The presence of a few high emitting older vehicles skewed the overall emission factor distribution, emphasizing the need for policies targeting fleet renewal.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Victor Valverde, Yosuke Kondo, Yoshinori Otsuki, Torsten Krenz, Anastasios Melas, Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa, Barouch Giechaskiel
Summary: The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050, which includes cleaner road vehicles. The European Commission's proposal for the next regulatory emissions standard, Euro 7, requires measuring pollutants currently not regulated on the road. A study comparing different measurement instruments showed that the differences among them were small and met the proposed Euro 7 limits and vehicle emission standards.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gangzhi Tang, Shuaibin Wang, Baocheng Du, Lianbo Cui, Yaxing Huang, Wei Xiao
Summary: The current regulations in China do not consider emissions during the cold start stage for heavy-duty vehicles, leading to discrepancies between actual test results and evaluation results. This study used portable vehicle emission test equipment to evaluate the emissions of three representative heavy-duty diesel vehicles under actual road driving conditions, and found that emissions during the cold start stage have a significant impact on overall emissions, with NOx emissions being particularly high. The duration of cold start, fuel consumption, and emission factors vary across different types of heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The study also revealed the internal mechanism causing emission differences.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
David Tena-Gago, Qi Wang, Jose M. Alcaraz-Calero
Summary: Autonomous driving should consider its carbon footprint for a sustainable future. This work proposes a new, portable, and cost-effective CO2 emissions sensor in a Light Duty Vehicle, enabling carbon footprint aware autonomous driving. The solution achieves real-time reporting of CO2 emissions, satisfying non-invasive procedures, and is validated in compliance with EU's emissions test procedures.
INTERNET OF THINGS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qian Yu, Yang Yang, Xiao Xiong, Sijia Sun, Yuanyuan Liu, Yuanqing Wang
Summary: The study utilizes a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) to collect data and analyze the impact of driving behaviors on emissions, proposing eco-driving suggestions. Results show that changes in driving behaviors under saturated and forced flow significantly affect emission factors.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ru-Jin Huang, Wei Yuan, Lu Yang, Huinan Yang, Wenjuan Cao, Jie Guo, Ningning Zhang, Chongshu Zhu, Yunfei Wu, Renjian Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the concentrations, optical properties, and emission factors of organic carbon, water-soluble organic carbon, and humic-like substances in fine particulate matter emitted from vehicles in three road tunnels in Xiamen, China. The findings showed that vehicle emissions were a source of atmospheric brown carbon, and the chromophores of humic-like substances emitted from vehicles had a disproportionately high effect on the light absorption characteristics of brown carbon.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Yang, Qijun Zhang, Yanjie Zhang, Zongyan Lv, Lin Wu, Hongjun Mao
Summary: The study used PEMS to measure the emission characteristics of large ocean-going ships, finding that emission factors are greatly influenced by real-world operating conditions and engine loads, with particle emissions mainly affected by fuel types. The test results showed a range of particle number EFs and the main components of emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of characterizing a broader range of ships and fuels for future research.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhengjun Yang, Yunshan Ge, Daisy Thomas, Xin Wang, Sheng Su, Hu Li, Hongwen He
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
James M. Hammerton, Hu Li, Andrew B. Ross
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zahida Aslam, Hu Li, James Hammerton, Gordon Andrews, Andrew Ross, Jon C. Lovett
Summary: This study assesses the energy potential of waste biomass residues in Tanzania for renewable electricity generation using off-grid diesel generators coupled with anaerobic digestion and gasification. The results show that these residues can produce at least 1.2 times the electricity generated nationally in 2018, providing a more affordable and sustainable energy source.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vitor Alves Lourenco, Willian Cezar Nadaleti, Bruno Muller Vieira, Hu Li
Summary: The study aimed to produce ethyl biodiesel from rice bran oil via homogeneous basic transesterification, showing it as a viable possibility within the context of Brazil. The produced biodiesel met national standards, with the need to raise the catalyst proportion and molar ratio between ethanol and KOH to lower kinematic viscosity.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
D. Alexander James, Callan Jennings, Hu Li, M. C. John Plane
Summary: LowCat is a catalytic material that catalyzes CO oxidation and NOx reduction simultaneously, with effectiveness at low temperatures. By transforming the goethite component to hematite, it increases catalytic activity and forms a critical surface-bound oxygen intermediate for NO2 reduction. LowCat demonstrates significant performance under conditions relevant to automotive and diesel combustion systems, particularly in reducing NO2 to N2 at low temperatures.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis Omotola Olanrewaju, Hu Li, Zahida Aslam, James Hammerton, Jon C. Lovett
Summary: This study investigates the impact of syngas substitution on the heat release rate (HRR) behavior and combustion phasing in a dual fuel engine. The results show that increasing the fraction of syngas leads to higher fuel consumption and increased ignition delay. The study also suggests that the use of diesel-syngas dual fuel has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions in Nigeria.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daisy Thomas, Hu Li, Xin Wang, Karl Ropkins, Alison S. Tomlin, Chris D. Bannister, Gary Hawley
Summary: Particle number (PN) emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) during engine ignition and re-ignition events are important and vary depending on the drive cycle and engine behavior. The findings of this study emphasize the need to control HEV PN emissions to improve urban air quality and the importance of considering the dynamic properties of the test cycle. Reducing the particle measurement protocol PN cut-off size can significantly improve air quality.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis O. Olanrewaju, Gordon E. Andrews, Hu Li, Herodotos N. Phylaktou, Bintu G. Mustafa, Miss H. Mat Kiah
Summary: Sweet sorghum is a crop grown commercially in Nigeria that has high bio-waste energy in its stalk. This study aimed to optimize the gasification of sweet sorghum stalk residue to maximize the yield of combustible gases. The research found that at the optimum conditions, the hot gas efficiency was 81%.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhuoqian Yang, James Tate, Eleonora Morganti, Ian Philips, Simon Shepherd
Summary: As a major contributor to emissions, vans play a crucial role in achieving net-zero goals. This study examines the trends of CO2 and NOx emissions in the van sector under the 2030 phase-out of internal combustion engine vans in the UK. The results suggest that vans are on track to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, with the reduction of NOx emissions happening even faster.
SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cameron Rout, Hu Li, Valerie Dupont, Zia Wadud
Summary: This study analyzes the cost competitiveness of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles in heavy fleet applications in 2021 and in future scenarios. It suggests that under specific conditions and incentives, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have the potential to compete with battery electric vehicles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
N. Rangel, H. Li, P. Aristidou
Summary: Diesel generators are widely used in microgrid and off-grid systems, especially in rural electrification in developing countries. The sizing and selection techniques are crucial for maximizing cost-effectiveness and minimizing environmental impacts. This paper presents a cost optimization model for diesel/PV/battery microgrids, considering fuel consumption equations and pollutant emissions, to minimize operating costs and environmental impact.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Scott Wiseman, Christian A. Michelbach, Hu Li, Alison S. Tomlin
Summary: This study focuses on the acid-catalysed alcoholysis of lignocellulosic biomass to produce a customizable biofuel blend. The effects of carbon chain length on the physical properties of the blends were investigated, and predictive models for these properties were developed. The study also examined the impact of blending with diesel on the properties. The findings provide valuable insights for producing biofuel blends that meet existing fuel standards.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mengzhu Zhang, Yunshan Ge, Xin Wang, Daisy Thomas, Sheng Su, Hu Li
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis O. Olanrewaju, Hu Li, Gordon E. Andrews, Herodotos N. Phylaktou
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2020)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Peiyong Ni, Xiangli Wang, Hu Li
